iv.

or

>?ONTO

IRARV>l>#in.!M

:

*L4

THE

Marine EngineerAndAnIllustrated

Naval Architect.

Monthly Journal

of

Marine

Engineering, Shipbuilding, Steam Navigation,

and

Electrical Engineering.

Vol.

XXX.From

August, 1907, to July, 1908.

Xon&onOFFICE FOR ADVERTISEMENTS

AND PUBLICATION, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.190S.

3,

AMEN CORNER,

INDEX.EDITORIAL NOTES.Armour andAnalysis of the Resistance of Ships, An, 428 its Attack, Modern, 387 Atlantic Rate War, The, 310 Big Ship, The, 46; Cableways Used on Ship-building Berths, 41 Copper and Copper Pipes, 309 Cunard Turbine Steamer " Lusitania," The, 3S7 First Iron Ship, The, 2

Comparison between the Performances of Steamers, 424 Congress on Navigation. 385 Copper and Copper Pipes, 334 Crane Equipment, Shipbuilding Berths and (Illu Cruiser " Kurama," Imperial Japanese Armoured (Illus. ),Curious Anomalies, 44" Daire & Home's Patent Valves (Illus.l. 169 Design. Construction and Working of the Marine Boiler,the, 284

174

Some Remarks on

Foundry Experiences, 161 Gas Engine Indicators, 121Gray, Macfarlane, 276 Heating of Ocean Liners, The, 388 Hulls and Machinery of Vessels, 162 Institute of Marine Engineers, The, 81 Labour Disputes and National Defence, 427 " Lusitania," The Cunard Turbine Steamer, Si, 387 Marine Engines, Super-heated Steam in, 388 ' Mauritania." The, 121 Method of Investigating Ship Propulsion, A New, 42SJ.

Devonport Dockyard, 15, 56, 98. 132, i;i, 211. 2SS, 321, 362, 401, 442. 477 Dexine Illus.), 17 Dockyards, The, 14, 15,16,55,56.97,98,132.133,171.172.173.210,211,288,1

289, 290, 320, 321, 361, 562, 401. 402, 441. 442. 476, 17", 47^

Dollar Academy, 460

Dunston Engine Works

Co.'s,

Combined Steam and Hand-Steering

,

(.ear

Electric and Ordnance Accessories Co.'s Victor Arc Lamps (Illus.), 212 Electric Punkah, 217, 443 Electric Warping Winches Illus.), 369 Electricity on Board Ship (Illus.l, 22, 62. 106, 139, 293, 367, 446. 480

Modern Armour and

its

Attack, 3S7

National Defence, Labour Disputes and, 427

Navies of the Great Powers, The, 1 Navy and the Mercantile Marine, The, 201 Navy Estimates, The, 275 Ocean Liners, The Heating of, 388 Progressive Development, 467 Ship Calculations, Two Notes on, 428 Steam Turbine Engineering, 351 Stokehold Appliances, 276 Super-heated Steam in Marine Engines. 388 Super-heating of Steam, 300. Testing of Materials, 41

Evaporators and Peed-Heaters, Andrews & Cameron's (Illus.). jii Faculty of Commerce, 379 Fleets of the Mail Lines, The. 4. 47. 9. "5, 167, 205, 280, 314, 356, 397, Fleming, A. B., & Co.'s Works, 185 Forced Draught (Illus.). 219 Forced Draught, with New Features, A System of (Illus.), 358

435. 471

Foremen Boilermakers'Foster King. Mr.(Illus.) 6J.,

Association, 303in

on Structural Development

British

Merchant Ships

Franco-British Exhibition, The, 178 Gibson, Mr. J. Hamilton, on Torsion Meters, as applied to the .Measurement of the Horse-power oi Mum. Steam Turbines (Illus Governor, Andrews' Patent Illus). 93 Gregory's System of Ventilation (Illus.), 439 Hall, J. & E., Refrigerating Plants. (Illus.l, 143 Hall, J. P., & Co.'s, Electric Warping Winches (Illus.), 369 Harland & Wolfl's Southampton Works (illus.) Harrison & Co.'s Corrugated Piston Springs (lib1

Hay

GENERAL

INDEX.

" Alexandra," The Royal Turbine Yacht (Illus), 363 Anderson's Stud Extractor (Illus.), 105 Andrews & Cameron's Evaporators and Feed Heaters (Illus.), 311 Andrews & Cameron's Pump-Bucket Packing Rings (Illus), 366 Andrews' Patent Governor (Illus.), 93 Anniversary, James Watt, 295 Apexior Boiler Compound, 352 ,. -M Appleby's, Ltd., Shipbuilding Berths and Crane Equipment (Illus Apprentices, Encouragement of, 333 M1 Archer's Patent Combined Steam and Hand-Steenng Gear (Illus.), 135 Argentina," The T.S.S. (Illus.). S20.

Boiler, The. (Illus ). 57 Heat Non-Conducting Material lllu-.), 302 Hicks. Mr. J. T. iwith Photo), 303 High-Speed Marine Engine (Illus Remarks mi the Design, Construction Hirst, Mr Richard, on SumWorking of the Marine Boiler. 284 Howden's Forced Draught (Illus.), 219 (Illus.l, is Hydraulic Installations iM Hydraulic Pumping Engine (Illus Institute nl Marine Engineers, 134, 177 Institute of Marine Engineers, Annual Meeting, 364 ^3.99. 14'. 334. 353 Institute ..I Marine Engineers, Papers r, id Institution of Naval Architects, Annual Meeting, 383 el before the. 6, 11, 58, 392. 405, P r Institution "I Naval ArohiteI

1,

1

1

449

Me." ,.,|, M,

MM1

'-

W

en

iH295

auction

(illu^

lapanolJunioi1

(Illus.),

445Illus.), 31, 7it

i8,459.488

.

"

Messrs. John, Limited, Works (illus.), 47S Knott, /as., J. P. (with Phol Kurama," Imperial [apanese \im. "ted miser (111K11k.1l.lv'1

Artificial Light, 352 Association of Engineers-in-Charge, The, 388 "Asturias," R.M.S.P., 286 Austrian Shipping and Shipbuilding (Illus.), 220 Battle, Mr. A. E., on Artificial Light, 352 Battle, Mr. A. E.. on Ventilation and Sanitation (Illn Europe Bell, Henry, the Pioneer of the PassengerSteambo.it til Bergtheil & Young, Ltd., Electric Punkah. 217 Brown Bros. & Co., Ltd. (Illus.l, 429 Brown Bros. & Co.'s Hydraulic Installations (Illus.), t Bye-Products of the Engine Room, 131, 1,14 Cameron's Corrugated Piston S41 Cast-Iron Brazing (Illus I, 138I

,!,

Robert (with

I'ii'

I

iseol (Illus.), 316Is(111

Launched.

in 1907

-:.'

10

'

;

in ngineering Soci.n, Annual Naval \rchiti1

1

Lord Desboroufh," the Sand ord Ki i11

Pump Hoppei322

Dredgi

r (Illus.),

182

" 1.011

u

,,

,,,.

i,"

The

(Illus.), 25, 8

Chatham Dockyard, 15, " Clan Graham," Th.Ici,

320. 55, 97. "32. "72, 210, 289,

3.,,,.

4i.

44- 4/7

Maginnis, Mr. Arthur J. (with Photo), 283 the, 4,47,9 rheFh M.,,1 in.1I

'-t'

1

Chapman & Co.'s Patent Wat. Cochran & Co., Annan, Limited, 470(Illus.),

_

,

.,

Mann-.,.

I

Marine Turbine Lubricationhe

(Illus.), 141

,

.I,

Turbines. Combination System of Reciprocating Engines and Steam392

(Illus.i, 91,

207

:

IV" Michigan." United States Battleship tlllus.), 473 Metallic Mirror for Searchlights, A New, 425 Meyer's Liquid Fuel Apparatus (Illus.), 162 Milton, Mr. J. T., on Copper and Copper Pipes, 334 Modern Torpedo Boats and Destroyers (Illus.), 449 Mumford, A. G. (Illus.), 287 Municipal and Public Health Exhibition, 448 Naval Architects, Institution of. Papers read before the,1

INDEX.Mersey ami Manchester Ship Canal. 27,68,414, 455,

110, 148, 188, 263, 298, 338, 373,

Na*al Matters, Past and Prospective,

14, 55, 97, '32, 171, 210, 288, 320, 361,

6,

1

1,

58, 392, 45.

449

stimates, The, 345

4i6, North West of England. 29. 70, III, 150, 19, - 6 Southampton, 30, 71. 112, 151, 191, 265. 301, 341. 376, 4'7. 45*>. 4*0 Thames, 28, 69, no, 149, 189, 263, 299, 339. 374, 4>5. 45' Tyne, 26, 67. 108, 147, 187, 262, 297, 337. 3/2, 413- 454, 483 Wear, 27, 68. 109. 148, 188, 262, 298, 338, 373. 4M, 455. 4S3l

457, 45

" Netherton,"

New New

Fire on board the (Illus.), 90 Methods of effecting Boiler Repairs (Illus.), 83

The Disastrous

Zealand Government Certificates of Competency, 12 North-East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders, Paper read before the, 324

Oddesse Pumps (Illus Oil and Waste Saving Machine Co.'s Appliance (Illus.) 204 Old-Age Pension Scheme, 460 Organization of the Personel of Engineering Works. The, 385 Parsons. The Hon. C. A. and Mr. R. J. Walker, on the Combination Sjstem of Reciprocating Engines and Steam Turbines (Illus.), 392 Parsons, The Hon. C. A. and H. Wheatley Ridsdale, on some Practical Points in the application of the Marine Steam Turbine (Illus.). 11, 58 Pembroke Dockyard, 16, 56, 98, 133, 173, 211, 290, 321, 362, 402, 442, 478 Pinter's Universal Rotary Machines (Illus.), 130 Portsmouth Dockyard, 14. 55, 97, 132, 171, 210, 288, 320, 361, 401. 441, 476 Powerful Sand-Pump Dredger for the Thames (Illus). 02 Pump-Bucket Packing Rings (Illus.), 366 Quick-Grip Lock-Joint Spanner, The (Illus.), 127 Ratchffe Improved Direct Acting Tube-Scaling Tool, The (Illus.), 333 14-, Refrigerating Installations on R.M.S.P. Co.'s Steamers (Illus. Relative Strength of the Fleets, The, 141.

OBITUARY.Copeland, Sir Win., LL.D., 65 Corrj Mr. John (with photo). 344 Elliott, Mr. Edward (with photo Gibb, Mr. Andrew (with photo 422 Gray, John Macfarlane (with photo), 303 Griffith, Edwin, 217 Harris, Mr. Geo. A. (with photo), 422 Howdtn, J. James, 304 Jacks, William, LL Lithgow, William Todd, 494 M'cFarlane, Mr. George, 422 McGee, David, 305 Mclnnes, Mr. Kenneth (with phot Pearce, Sir William George, Bart., 193.

Rennie's Patent Valves (Illus.), 169 Royal Turbine Yacht "Alexandra," The (Illus.), 363 Rubber Company of Scotland, Ltd., The, 105 Ruck-Keene, Mr. H.. on New Methods of effecting Boiler Repairs (Illus.), Sj Savery, V. A & Co., Marine Engines (Illus.), 2 Scottish National Exhibition, 399 Screw Propeller, New Design ot (Illus.), 331 Screw Propeller, The, by A. E. Seaton (Iilus.), 13, 44, 123. 277, 353, 437 Search-Light Apparatus (Illus ), 294 Sheerness Dockyard, 15, 56. 98, 133, 1:1. 211, 2S9, 321, 361, 402, 441, 477 Ship Construction, A New System of (Illus.), 405 Ship Repairs at Las Palmas (Illus.). 176 Shipbuilding Berths and Crane Equipments (Illus.), 202 Shipbuilding Wages Crisis, 465 Silky Patent Smoke-Box Doors (Illus.), 219 Some Practical Points in the Application of the Marine Steam Turbine(Illus.), 11,

,

I

1

58

Some remarks onBoiler. 184

the Design, Construction and

Working218

of

the

,

Marine

Steam Whistle, The. 460Steward's, G. R., Tubeless Semi-Flash Boiler(Illus.),

Stranding Buoy Stratton's, Mr.

System of Forced Draught, with New Features J. M., (Illus.), 358 Structural Development in British Merchant Ships (Illus.). 6 Stud Extracts, Anderson's (Illus.), 105 "Suevic," The Salvage of the (Illus.), 128, 281 Summary of Shipbuilding Returns, 222 "Suriya Monthon." Siamese Revenue Cruiser (Illus.), 399 "Tartar," H.M.S. (Illus. 1, 290 (Illus). 127 \- Co.'s, Quick-Grip Lock-Joint Spanner nta ti Gen any, 136 Establi inized or Zinced Iron, The, Testi trovers Uln" :n lycroft, Mr. J. E. 01 Applied to the Measurement of the Horse-power .,1 isI 1

(Illus

),

42

BOOKS REVIEWED.rn, dited by Thos. So Engineer, British Bngim erii g Standai Is C ded Lisi Dei Btriii des Senilis Offiziers in der Handelsmarine, Von Professor Bolte inell, 73 Distribution.! Electrical

1

ine

I

1

1

ine

Stxam TinPatenl B1

1

Trunk Steamer,Tube-Scalii

1

tool,

The Ra1

Direct-Actingillhis.),

(Illus.),

333

Klectrii

.

1 .

218(Illus.),

Turbine

Oil and Waste Saving Machine water Water Closet

204

Elemeutan Schiffsahrl f r's Year Book ofHints to Engineers forIn the First(Illus.I,''.

essor Dr Bolte, 276'I

350

thi

1

tde Examinations, 350

United \sliestosCo., The, 221 P 'tier'-, illlus Uni. Marine 11 P. Boiler. The Valns. Rennie's Pati ni (Illus), 169. 1

Iron and Steel, by316I..uvf

I

I

I

in

ie,

396

-1

Buil321

and shipbuilding Contracts. The, by Alfredt

A.

Hudson.

Ventilation (1 Ventilation and Sanitation (Illus.), 99 Victor Arc Lamps (Illus. 212 F., on Electricity on,

29611

Les Flottes de Liquidai

es, 3051 I

Wa

Board Shipilllu-

(Illus.), 22, 62, iof>,

1

,

Marine Boiler Management andirldI

Irom

r.

423

367, 446

ectrical Pocl

>

BrazingWI111.'

I.

I

.0 Book Pockei Modern Machine Shop, The. by Rankin Kennei

f.

1

1908,

The, 350I

.

hop.1

The:

Its

Tools, Practice

at

.111..

White Star Works Apprei

.332(witl

W.:

I

.

K.N.R1

Naval AnnualIllus), 170

I

495Scientific

.:

torthi

and Learned Societiesof Great GriMnJ.i

pleted during

Patent!Is,1 .

and

Di

Ign

I

The, by

and H. Fletcher

Work

on hand

111

Bi

252 253i.

(Illus.

I.

213

byHewlett, R1 1

Von Kapitan G.-

Kiel:

rases (EnglishI

ilsb-English),

r .01 ni

1

Vpplication, by F.

by Graham _ ,,, wK.

Marine

Enginiinvention and

1,

by

J.

W424

and

M.

SotheriI

ttion ol

Designs,

I

124

TRADE NOTES.I.

.

H..

1

:'.

lj

424

-07, 336, 371 296, 335. 37'J. 4", 1

Transactions

ol thi

il.leis in

Scotland.

U.455

WrinklesAllin

in

Piaclii

" ,l revised by

W,

1

INDEX.

BOARD OF TRADE EXAMINATIONS.40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 259, 308, 350, 385, 426, 466, 496

Glacier Anti-Friction Metal Co., Ltd "Gladiator" and the " St Paul," 473 Gre-Solvent, 362 Hamburg American Line, The, 126, 206 Heath & Co., Limited, 1 ,7,

"

Hobenzollern," The, 471

PARAGRAPHS, NOTES AND NOVELTIES.Altenbach, Limited, 113

Holzapfel's Compositions Co .Ltd Hunt Industrial Railway Equipment. 204 " Ikona," The, 426 Incandescent Lamps, New filament for, 142 Insti:.. Bogineers, The, 24, 65, 119, 137. 145. 200, 274, 308, 345. 434.473 Institution ot Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, 425 Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 445 Institution of Naval Architects, 331 International Engineering Co., The, 24 Ireland as tlth sort, 40 Iron and Steel Institute, 65, ^2, 445 " Ivy," Twin-Screw Steam Yacht. " Jelunga," The, 424 Joy, David & Cooper, 307 1 Junior Institution of Engini " Kaiser Wilhehn der Grosse," Tin " Kaiser Wilhelm der Zweite,*' Accident to the, 6 " Kelvin II ,' 44811\

Ambulance Work, 443 American Mails, The, 315 American Yachting Tour, An.Arc Lamps,Argentina,220, 41

125

"Anglia," The Telegraph Steamer, Anti-Fouling Compositions 4111

ng

The Progress

of, 126

Armstrong, Whitwortb 6- Co., 470 Atlantic Cable Companies, The, 471 Atlantic Passenger Line, A New, 356 Atlantic Rate War, 90, 282 Atlantic Record, The, 398 Australasian Institute of Marine Engineers, 421Australia, 468 Australian Mail Contract, The,6,

Kingstown

Pii

1

167

Austro-Hungarian Government, The, 4 Babcock & Wilcox. Ltd., Messrs., 134Bailey, W. H,, & Co., Ltd., 137 " Bavarian," The Old Allan Liner, 126

" Ben-my-Chree," The, 357 Beriram, Mr..H., 107 Boest Cjips, Mr. D., 16

Koster Patent Air Compressors, 73 " Kronprinzessin Cecilie," The, 47 " Kron Prinz Wilhelm," The, 5 La Compagnie Generate Transatlantique, 156 Laing, Sir James & Sons, Ltd , 315 Large Heating Plant for Japanese Works, 120 Liverpool Underwriters' Association, The, 283 Lloyds' Register of British and Foreign shipping Report, 176

Bordeaux International Exhibition," Borussia," The. 398,

1907,

ng

Loch Long Torpedo Range, 64 London Dumbartonshire Association, London Scaling Co., The, 46SCo., The, Catalogue " Lusitania," Electricity on the, " Lusitania," The 4, 92, 126 168 Matthews, Keenan & Co., Ltd., 2121 ,

355

British Aluminium Co The, 134 British Engineering Standards Coded Lists, 120, 185 British Shipowners and the British Government, 48 Building Programmes, 92 Burns Line of Glasgow, The, 436 Cable Steamer, New, 173 Canadian Pacific Railway, The, 6 Carriage of Petroleum Spirit, The, 125 Central Marine Engine Works, The, 173 Central Marine Engine Works' Catalogue, 137 Chargems Reunis of Havre, The, 398 Chinamen as Seamen and Firemen, 435 City Engineering Academy, The, 199, 345, 466 Clyde Shipbuilder on Pneumatic Tools, 170

Lunken Valve

Matthews, Mr. Robert, 279 " Mauretania," The, 167, 168 Mersey Docks and Harbour Board The, \6 Mersey Engine & Producer Co., Ltd., The, 279 Metallic Filament Lamps, 370,

|

Lamps, 481 Motor erection, etc Motor Exhibition, 392 Motor launches (48Metallic

Motors, Small,

221

Coal Handling on Wharves, 296 Coaling at Sea, 153Collisions, 472

Motor" "

starter, 335

Mount Royal," The, 280 Mount Temple," Accident

to the, 206

,

Combination Metallic Packing Co., Ltd., The, Combine's Ships, The, 5, 167, 425 Commutators, 370 "Copenhagen," The, 314, 357 Corrosion and Accumulation 113 Course Recorder, 64 " Crane," Accident to the, 356 Crane Brakes, 411 Crane Controllers, 481 Crosby, Lockwood & Son, 274 Cunard Service, The, 398, 435 Cunarders, The New, 167, 168, 315, 357- 472 Curious Case, A, 282Disasters, 47 Disinfection, 39

16

Murray, Lot/ & Co., 2*1 Naval Electric Fittings, 296 " Newark Castle," Loss of the,

356, 397

Newton & Nicholson,1

Messrs., 113

Niobe," The, 5 Nord-Deutscher Lloyd Company, The, 436 Notable Vessels, 46 m-Taiik Steamer, A large, 153I1 1

ij

nopia Exhibition, 142

Orient Company, The, 315 " ittawa," Accident to the, 435 Patent .aws, Alterations to the, 4 P and O. Company, The, 90, 168 Pirrie, Lord, \g o.'s Catalogui Plutte Scheele \(

1

I

thi1

Royal C(,i1

['he, 201 on Shipping Fn igl ommission on Shipping Rings, The. 315niI1

Royal

lavai

[in

l

'

Room

Artificers'

Review

!

he, 471

se War. Tin.-, 472 ingrei 24, 39 ttish Industries, St Kings, 212, 345 SeaI.,;j

,!!

nut..!

1

-..

ins

and Bribery Pn ventions, 39... 107

uildtnga1

Cabh

Engineering Amalgamation, 200 Engineering and Machinery Exhibition, Hie, 120 Engineering and Scientific Association of Ireland, 345 he, to, 283 Engineering Standard-. Committee, Etheric Telegraphy, Recent Reports upon, External Perception, 137 Financial Troubles, The. 1G8 Fire Protection on Shann Fleetw v e. The, 436 Si Franco- British Exhibition, The, 355 "Frankfort" Accident to the, 206l1Ii

. letism, Names, 205..,,.1

142

Si\.,

1

,

Ltd., 4251

.1.

tiers

1

1

I

hantii

di

France, 364

.

.

ithamptiii

in

6

I1

aiI

ea, 282'''!

435

:

.

ime interestinggation, 54

Freight Bargi

.

;

121

.

-.

Gas Engines and Producer-, Ga= Producing Plants 324Gauge--, 142

12

''

pCompanii1

German Companies, The unfortunate trading German Steamship Enterprises, 471

,.

r of the, 3 5,

,,

t

blips,

Increase

i

hi

f,

47 1

vi

1

,

INDEX.Arizona, 38 Baltic Sea, 118 Baro. 4*0 Belle lie, 492 Blackwood, 79Buffalo, 273

vnTagona, 492Taorniina, 464

Fitzpatrick, 73 Irani, 37 Frixos, 37

Viuii field, 79

Gordonia, 349Grantley, 349

Murtinho, 198 Nanthoron, 119 Nerehana, 198

Burnhope, 158Caceres, 159 Cadiz, 383Calcutta, 198 Cardigan, 39 Cariboo, 421 Cassandra, 464 Ceara, 37 Cedarwood, 273 Celebes, 158 Celtic King, 80 Coleby, 119 Coleman, 274 Comet, 493 Competitor, 118 Constantino^ Bebis, Coppename, 349 Cristin, 273 Cubatao, 273 Dacre Castle, 349 Darent, 383 Deux Freres, 493 Dick, 199 Dolaura, 465 Driva, 349 Echunga, 159 Eleni Statbatos, 38 Elfrida. 273. Elterwater, 159 Express, 465.

Harlscywood, 273Harpi rt, 199 Hartington, 79

Newmarket, Newport Newi

Thimbli Thornley, 37:

intenbar, 465 Tord, 79I

OceaniaI

I

I

isnli

is,

I ! .

465 2731

[Mine, 421ti,1

Ingleby, 79 Ivar, 37 Jeanara, 159 Kamfjord, 383 Karanja, 159 Kia Ora, 273

Queen YA^yueenoiii,i-'1

Washington, Welbury, 191

abel1

id,1

27

1

ike,

very,

1

Whitby Abbe)iod, 37

Redwood, 307 Romanby, 349421

19

Kirkham Abbey,

Romsdal, 464 Rotterdam, 492Royal Prince, 273 Rurik, in Russia, 465

Wychwood,

William Strong, 19980

Kronprinz Olav, 7g

Zeeland, 158

Lady Blanche, 159 Lady Fraser, 421 Ladywood, 159Lantaro, 199 Lord Roberts, 117

Ryhope, 118

San Giorgio, 493Selja,19.S

Lowenberg, 79 Lynrowan, 273Mars, 159 Martha Washington, 421 Maylands, 158 Miranda, 7g Morawitz, 39 Moyle, 199

Slieve Bloom, 307 Spheroid, 159St, Andrew, 421 Stein, 199

Vessels not Named.Patenl Tj unk Steamer, 197 Steam Launch Tu^;

Suruga, 383 Sussex Coast, 119Swift, 307

Tabaristan, 38

^c^*^ *^^>z*

Printed by. : i

-

-

-

Lund, Hi mphries & Co., Ltd.,Press, Bradford.(18167)

The Country

August

i,

iqo7.

THE MARINE ENGINEER AND NAVAL ARCHITECTordinary purposesit

The Marine EngineerAnd Naval Architect. LONDON, AUGUST I, 1907.THE NAVIES OF THE GREAT POW.ERS.

is

unnecessary to dislocate the

training machinery at such short notice,

and thereforeis

a somewhat longer time

is

taken, but instead of weeks

and months spent

in preparation,

our

home guard

ready to put to sea and become an effective weapon by the mere dispatch of a telegram from It is only necessary for the Admiralty head-quarters.

now

to press

the button, and the officers and men,

who

AT

the end of lastlatest

month the

Home

Fleet, the

knowwillIt

their ships intimately,,rest.

and are always

in

them,

development of the many reforms and

do theis

reorganizations which have been carried out bythe Board of Admiralty, was mobilised and brought up to war strength. After a week of exercise andpractice this force

essential in

any consideration of the subject

was brought

into the Solent, where,

are about to discuss that this matter of readiness A mere for war should receive attentive study. tabulation of figures showing that this Power or that

we

on the 3rd of

month, it will be reviewed by the Upwards of two hundred pennants will be King. flying, and as a reserve of the British Navy it is indisputably unmatched by anything of the kind It must be unnecessary to previously in existence.this

has got so many more ships than another is not sufficient to give the reader any adequate idea of relative naval strength. Nor does it suffice to add up tons and guns and place these in juxtaposition; the organzation for war, the distribution of fleets, and the full supply of the right kind of material for the complementsof the vessels

journal of the state of things, in regard to the reserve, which ruled in past need not go back to that curious collection years.

remind the readers of

this

must also be weighed

in the balance.

We

which was got together in 1885, as an evolutionary squadron, under the late Sir Geoffrey Hornbv, in view of the possibility of war with Russia,of old crocks

In another column of this journal will be found some tables, based on the official figures published by the All various Powers whose navies are under review.obsolete vessels, vessels which it would be the height A of folly to put into the line, have been eliminated. distinction has also been made between those vessels

althoughfirst

it

was then

that the eyes of the country were

opened to the urgent need for increasing the fleet and forming an effective reserve. But although very much has been done to supply the national requirements in regard to these matters since that date, there have always been, as those who have followed the course of naval affairs must be a%vare, grave faults to be found with the system which was being slowly Year by year mobilization of the reserve evolved.took place, but with the result that, although crews were put into the ships which filled the basins of the fleet reserve and these vessels were taken to sea, thefact that the officers

i

which are of obsolescent type and those which are of while in another table the vessels under later date;

construction and projected are added. figures, taken with the above reservation,

Fromsome

theseinter-

If, esting comparisons and contrasts may be made. for example, we compare the present position of the

Powers

in the later types of effective battleships

we

and men were new to the ships, and that the ships themselves were but inefficiently looked after in the yards, produced a lamentable crop About three years ago the plan of providof defects.ing the best of the reserve vessels with small nucleus

Great Britain possesses eight more of such vessels than the United States and France together, and fifteen more than France and Germany have now. If to these figures we add the battleshipsshall see that

crews gave promise of a better result; the nu. however, was found by experience to be too small, and as a consequence the scheme which supplier Home Fleet has taken its place. The Home that which is based consists of three divisions, one on the Nore, and has its training ground in the North Seacontains the latest vessels in type with lullI

under construction and projected we shall find that the United States and France have on paper two more ships than Great Britain, but as our vessels are while in a much more forward state of construction, theirs are, many of them, not yet laid down, this is precisely one of those cases where the facts do notsquare with the figures.If

we continue

only to lay

down two

battleships a year, and build

them

to the

standard set by the Dreadnought, we can easily mainIf, instead of the United States tain our superiority. and Prance, we take France and Germany, oureis still

crews.

It

is

really in the proper sense of that

much

assured, and this whether

wethe

abused term an remainder of the always supplied,

"instantly

ready"

fleet,

count ships, or tons, orilly

effective vessels of thin

Turning armoured cruiser construction, whether ofguns.effectiveat

to

ves

the case of the battleshipthe cruisers, with three-fifths of their crews, and in is case of the destroyers with four-fifths, so that it possible in an emergency to fill up the crews ofI

the present

time,

or

with the

tion of those

under construction and proje

the balance indeed, herethe

is

altogether in favour of Great Britain; we have a strength superior to that of

ships

with

men under

training,to seain

all

acting

se

other

threeit

Powersis

put

together.

In

tl

ratings,

and send them

a few hours.

F01

circumstances

surprising that

there should be

.

THE MARINE ENGINEER AND NAVAL ARCHITECT.any attempt at the present moment to raise a scare about what one of our contemporaries has had the This is temerity to style " A position of peril." The danger is not crying wolf with a vengeance. now, hut it may come, and if it does it will he brought about by those who have forced the naval authoritiesin

xVuGUST

I,

IOO7.

was also on a July 14th. In later years he took out some patents for the steam engine on a July 14th. and. to crown all, he died on July 14th, 1808. His body was enclosed in an iron coffin which was made,at

their

own

defence to reveal the strength of our

one of his Staffordshire works. At his home in North Lancashire, Lindale-inCartmel, a public monument of iron twenty tons inweight

position.

was erectedis

to

his

memory, which

at

the

present time

sadly in want of repair.

THE FIRST IRON

SHIP.

has been

funds for the purpose of preserving this, be regrettable made. It wouldof

There are no and an appealif

the

THE controversy the with regardto

that

has been going on of lateship built of steel calls

memoryanddei

such a

man

as

Wilkinson was

to

befall

first

allowed to fade and the,i\

monument

to his genius

It to mind the building of the first iron ship. was on July 14th one hundred and twenty years ago One might that the first iron ship was launched. naturally expect that some place such as on the Clyde, Mersey, Thames or Tyne would be wdiere such an epoch-making event might occur; but it was on a little river called the Winster, in the north of Lanca-

MARINE ENGINES.some of by Messrs. T. A. Savery & Company, of Newcomen Works, Birmingham. In the first place Fig. 1 shows a quickillustrate in

WE

the adjoining diagrams

the machinery manufactured

shire, that

the success of iron for boat construction

was

first

proved.

About that time John Wilkinson,

a celebrated ironmaster

who belongedin

to that district,

revolution

triple-expansionlbs.

and who owned many works

Staffordshire,

madehe

with 175

marine engine which, working pressure and 350 revolutions

many experimentshe had had built

with small boats on a small canalin

the Cartmel mosses.foolishly arguedforit

Whenno

discussed an iron boat with his friends the whole idea

waslaws.

ridiculed.

They

that

boat

built of iron

could

float,

was against nature'stherefore

Iron would notfloat?

float itself,

how could

Wilkinson, however, designed his vessel, and when he launched her in the small waters ol the stream which divides Lancashire from West morland he proved that his ideas were right. Shean iron boatfloated lightlyI

on

the-

water, and, aftei

b

ing fitted up,

on the Bradlej ('anal. There is some doubt as to what was her burthen, some saying that il \ sei ond ship was built 70 tons and others 40 tons, Wilkinson had a medal struck for the river Severn.inci

toratii in of

1

he

1

\

ent,in

1

in

the obvet se sidesail.1

of

which was an dy a'

iron.111. ill

ship

fullil

TheanIs

first

one, but

enoughthe

to providisc' ivei

great'ilie.l

pi in< tple,in

and

ion

aftei

.mdsupei

in

eded the old ships have been superseded by ships bmli Wilkinson, in a lettei on thi ibjiively

m of iron ship ol the end we know that iron vi iron wooden ones, and la; athe coof Steel.ipleI

oppin

1

to

build a

\

e

;el

1

il

iron.a:

kinson war,

led

remarkable man the in in mat.

manjFig1 .

ket

and.pei

he did whatings.

minute,n

will

.

l.\ el. ip

80

le.

iii

ated horseix

pi

wei

days wI ;

.i

o

111,1:

rhe valvisize,

rated_'

by valvi

of the Marshall

fori

the ship

was

1

himself in thethenit

Piping.I

d to

'

banquet

in

1

Fig. shows an engine ol much smaller which is compound Lensing quick-revolution launch engir capabli of developing 18 indicated horsi powei rorking pressure of 250 lbs. per.11

August

i,

1907.

THE MARINE ENGINEER AND NAVAL ARCHITECT.

Fig

2

Fig. 4

square inch at Soo revolutions per minute.diameters of the cylinders are 3spectively,in thisins.

Theins.

and 6

re-

Fig. 2. This diagram shows the construction and arrangement of the valve and the mechanism for

and the stroke

is

3J inches.

The valves

operating the same.

It

will

be noticed that in this

engine are operated by the Savery-Joy valve

gear.Fig. 3 shows a side sectional elevation and a part sectional joint elevation of the engine illustrated in

gear the slotted quadrant of the Joy valve gear is substituted by a radius rod pivoted at the end of apivotablein the

arm

in a

manner

similar to the arrangement

Marshall valve gear.

.j&mL.

-'1.

;

MQP

lei;

THE MARINE ENGINEER AND NAVAL ARCHITECT.Afurther feature

August

i,

1907.

shown

in Fig. 3

from the main crank shaft bygearing.

is a pump driven worm and worm-wheel

THE FLEETS OF THE MAIL(From our Own Correspondent)

LINES.

revolution

complete set of quickmachinery for a fast passenger steamer, for example, of 72 ft. length, 13 ft. 6 in. beam, 3 ft. 6 in. draught, and having The engine will develop a speed of 11 miles per hour.In Fig. 4illustrate a

we

triple-expansion

The " Lusitania."the good fortune to be in Liverpool on Wednesday tin- 17th July, when the first of the new Cunarders win I moved into graving dock for cleaning and painting. It was a sight never to be forgotten. The immense bulk of the ship gradually swung round the angle of the dock wall so as to bring her bows into the entrance of the great graving dock, which, by the sagacity and foresight of the Mersey Dock and Harbour Board, was ready for her reception, and which is more than sufficient to deal with even such a monster Then she was straightened out and gradually as she. almost imperceptibly brought to her proper station. To those who were watching from the dock wall her size was, of course, noticeable enough, for we had a means of comparison in the workmen who were running the hawsers, the officials who, megaphones in hand, were directing their operations, and the officers, far above us. signalling to one another and Her bow is a remarkable one. The fineness to the shore. of her entrance, coupled with her great flare, gave one the with a keen flat edge to the blade idea "t a Kropp razor a curving to a heavier back, so that an idea of immense strength was conveyed to the mind, as well as the all-prevalent one "I vast speed. Aft the above-water lines of her stern are singularly beautiful and attractive. She was drawing about twenty-nine feet forward when she came into dock, and there was a great space between the water line and the Board of Trade load line. Vet even above that there was a vast freeboard But if a vessel even of such dimensions as the at the bows. Lusitania is to maintain a speed of five-and-twenty knots against the might of Atlantic waves, she must be preparedto take head seas in volume over her bows, and the means provided for dealing with such eventualities are remarkable enough. The plating is carried to the top of the deck house in the fore part of the super-structure, and the protection for bridges and upper decks is thus not only of great strength forward for the resistance of a direct attack, but is also arrayed for the meeting of more insidious blows from several points on the bows. Having seen the dock gates closed and the work of setting the shores in place commenced. I went off on other business, thinking that on the following day one would be able to see the under-water lines of the cei and to examine the design of the rudder and the arrangement ot the tour great screws which are to force the ship through the water with the force of 17,000 h.p. considerably more than the entire power of the Company's once record-breal Umbria for each propeller. What, then, was my astonish ment to hear certain startling rumours later on in the evi ning. I hardly believed them, though they seemed to havi attaini -1 certain credence in some Liverpool editorial offices, but I thought I would visit the ship again -foi an indescribable fas< matron, not only for myself, but for every niir interesting in shipping with whom nave come in con midnight, the little befon tact. Retu ig to the dock outline oi her hull seemed even more impr she lay with every on of her hundred ol port-holes stri in;; with light and with the groups of electric bulbs provided net iides. Che Ltei ovei go working, tew inches, and the ship was barely had been lowered but resting upon the blocks. One or.two ot tin- shores sei

HAD

80 indicated horse power at 350 revolutions per minute with 175 lbs. working pressure.

1

Fig.

5-

1

.1

I

he

installation

is

completeoi ies.

with

feed

pump,

.

injector,fi'i

telegraph, deck-starting gear, lowering gear

funnelFi(i , 1

and other acce 1 quidboileiI'M

:

teaming,

straigh.1

tube

.1

lull'-

forced

draught,

and

1-

madeh

to

in

sizes'

capable of giving80indicated

from

'>

indicated

pour!

horsetin-

power.

There are

divei the bloc ks wen- standing which thej wei ubjected.1

have moved

slightly anil

wa

i

to

ei

in >w

1

1

What1

tpreced that

to

weight

does

in

'i

'i

know1

lie

may many

lements

in

tube arrangements.

thou

in.

I

1

ready to go toThewithid

1

the wholi mins, ammuniltail,I

d

bunkersinit,

rhe keel of the

1

Austro- Hungarian-

Government

haveof

contracted

is

not

,

oi

course

Mat.Ld to

hi

and

Me

Poplar andbj

mshallow-draughti

of

two

ex< eptionally

ioa1

propelled

internal

com

i

particular

//.,

B

ire to be in all essential which was purchased by on board which, it will1

be remembered,

the

King and Queen took a trip during

Cow

varied in height to uit her conti iui I, due proportion and no more. t in bearing to be prep and thus not onlj nit, but b olutelj the immense pains had to be taken to Excess of right spot, ere the water began to be lowered. precaution raised a doubt as to whether all was well, and1

b

1

1,

August

i,

IQ07.

THE MARINE ENGINEER AND NAVAL ARCHITECT.by the French authorities and their courts had meanwhile Now fixed the Gregory with the blame for the collision. oi removal came up the question of recovering the e The port authorities were successful in causing of the wreck. the owners of the Gregory to make them good as part ol the damages caused by the collision, in spite oi their suggestionthat if those in charge of the Niobi had navigated their ship otherwise than they did, the expenses might not have thai those who The answer to that, of course incurred. have put others into a position of grave difficulty ami imable to avoid the con equi rices of minent danger are not these acts on the ground that if something other than was actually done, had been done after the critical moment, the amount of final loss might have been minimised. This would be English as well as French law, and so the Gregory has to pay.I1

as the report of the diver does not seem to have been sufficiently convincing to those in charge of the operations the ship was taken out into the basin, the water lowered in the \ .mt dock and the fact demonstrated that nothing had gone11

Then the ship was redocked by the afternoon tide. wrong. There was, as it turned out, absolutely no need for the scare But in view of the or for the delay in lowering the water. iterests at risk and of the unprecedented magnitude immi of the task set before those who had to dock so enormous a v< ssel, it was wise to take no chances and to sacrifice a period of four-and-twenty hours to demonstrate that all was indeed well. On the Friday morning the wondrous curves of her lower hull and the well protected rudder and screws wen visible to all who chose to visit the dock.

The Combine's Shipsdo not appear to have the best of good fortune. Down to whose the time of writing the Darien of the Leyland line stranding on the coast of Brazil at the beginning of the present year has already been noticed in this column is still in the hands of the salvors, who report that there is still a thousand tons of cargo in the ship. The chances of floating her are still considered favourable, and further gear is being The cost of these sent (or with a view to a final effort. protracted operations will in any event be considerable. Another -ship of the same fleet, which, like the Darien, was once under the flag of the old West India and Pacific Steam Navigation Company, is in more serious trouble. This is the Company's Nicaraguan, which left Norfolk, Virginia, for Dublin on the 8th June in the course of her voyage from Tampa. Uneasiness in respect of her began to be felt towards the end of June, and re-insurances were effected at seven Nothing being heard of the ship the price rapidly guineas. rose until the price of ninety guineas was reached, and she thus became practically uninsurable, and one fears that there can now be little hope of her safety.

Wireless Telegraphy.be remembered that an international convention for the consideration of proposals for the regulation oi wireSome disless telegraphy was held at Berlin last year. satisfaction with its conclusions was expressed in tins country, and a Select Committee was appointed to consider the matter. This Committee has now issued a report which contains a good deal of interesting information. The rapid development of the system is shown and the fact seems conclusive proof of the desirability for immediate regulation. Much money would have been saved and public convenience vastly served, if inland telegraphy in this country, and even our British system of telephones, could have been dealt with on some intelligent plan before their extension rendered them unwieldy. The chief difficulty in wireless telegraphy seems to have been due to the fact that there are more systems than one in public use, and that, whilst public convenience would obviously be servsd by allowing every station to use every system, the individual companies naturally It would wish, as far as possible, to boycott their rivals. appear that in Great Britain. Canada and Italy the Marconi that in other system has secured a practical monopoly, but The Marconi parts of the world other systems are favoured. Company further entered into an agreement in 1901 with Lloyd's "whereby that corporation was bound to employ, In 1901 there 1015. their system only till the year was much to lead Lloyd's to enter into such an arrangement. immense possibilities of radio The underwriters saw the graphy, and how it might be used for communica orders to vessels at sea, and for giving notice of wrecks and casualties, as well as for the transmission of ordinary m The Marconi system was then practically the only one in vogue, and the action of Lloyd's m this matter seemed toIt

may

Turbine Steamers.Fairfield yard has now launched the second of the express steamers which it has under construction for the Egyptian Mail Company. The vessel in question is named tin Cairo, and is an exact sister to the Heliopolis, whose

The

tine

Another vessel details were commented on last month. engined on the turbine system is the Hirafu Maru, launched Dumbarton on the 10th July. from Messrs, Denny's yard at This vessel is notable as being the first turbine vessel of the Japanese mercantile fleet. She is of the class used for crosschannel services in this country, though she is not quite as fast as the recent additions to our own fleets of the narrow Even at that rate, her speed being but eighteen knots. however, it is anticipated that she will diminish by some 50 per cent, the time absorbed on the voyage for which she Her the crossing of the Straits of Tsugaru. is designed owners ;,re the Japanese State Railways, whose lines on the two principal islands of the Empire she will link up.

I

foresight on their part. Even ts have, however, proved that the tying up of a great body like Lloyd' with its 1300 stations all engaged in what is practically the public service, to one system is not really to the pn

show great enterprise and

The "Kron Prinz Wilhelm"of the

Nord Deutschser Lloyd Company, which New York on the 10th Jul} r< ported that she had " grazed a small iceberg " at midnight on the 8th of the month, bul The fact that the results wen- not .1 111 no way injured. serious is evidenced by the sailing of the vessel on her eastwardarrived atvol'

and the Select Committee expresses its belief thai the agreement will either have to be cancelled altogi expri It furthei 01 a1 least considerably modified. opinion that if the Post Office had secured a righl oi preemption whcai it- officials were working 111 conjunction with red Signoi Marconi, much of the trouble winch has lint surely the Committee, in might have been avoided,interest,t

.mm

ll

ller

regular date.

The

incidentit

is,

therefore

in

n cannot fail to mil it jeU Hi but little importance, but think. In spite of the increase in strength and si/. in design ami oi the ships, m spite of the improvements Stone-Lloyd bulkhead door- tin'' da introduction oi Carelesslj naviof contact with outside uifii-. remains. that the vi isi derelicts, wreckage ami ice are dangi kill and the most ceaseless vigilance cannol always ;h( lid ami the results of contact with them by fast-running ire by no means a plea an1 steamers crowded with 51.1 subject of contemplation, and the Lloyd may be congratulati on the escape of this fine vessel.l1

'

ibusiness foresight to tie Pos1 Office n n. nt offii ial n .m be - Iced oi when it could Further, the Pos1 Office policy of refraining encouraged the 11, -in issuing licences to othet compani Marconi Company in their dreams of a univei al monopoly, ion tally, the Committee recommend tins country's adhi to the convention on national ami international grounds. all Thus if its recommendation be followed we shall soon accepting messages on am system, ami in con sequence u great extension of the usefulness ,a radio-telenn those connected with the shipping industrj 13

igg,

ting

officials,

ting

more than

'

1

i

1

s ^i), with 11- beautiful form and combination oi lightness and itrength in hull structure, ihould1

The Accidentto the

also bein.1

Km,.1

whole thou ands oi years old. probably Qgth is contained in the external shell thi function of tructural and lrames being the ormed oi planks ih< hull girder has its bottom tion with small top riveted together, in assi ogers, members wind. iency and are kept aparl known loads ,,1 the type is pi ovi d by i1a1

hange

its

thou'

1

1

1.

1 1

1

1

amount;

of1

dan

.ligedu,-.

o her internal fittings, fu to miss her sailing on1

ol

pli

pas

.oyage benThistois

ilmost incredible fruit of a pern d

lengl

thehatit

the

si1

1.

hi

of

theouldincluolti

andonlytypes,ful

compwhiliiracteiI

cultival

led

but

missing a voyage at financial loss to tin

1

if

tl

shipbuildingi .

is

a

produi

I: . i

11

lier

iron appli1

1

..',,, innei

o

an{

]

,

ofin

1

rmaiuc, wli

ight

damage

that case was

n of the wholi solely material mjui > to littmgs, an. thi

'

rhi

*

Read at the Bordioi oi tin1

I

'

d Congress andoi

Summer

I

Na

teel

orty-eighth Session 1907. J un.

the in-titution

!

August

i,

rg

THE MARINE ENGINEER AND NAVAL ARCHITECT.sailing ship of

with steamships; but. inasmuch .is its history lias witnessed as .1 shipbuilding onlj the practical extinction oi v rial lor both steam .mil sailing vessels oi any size, but material to the construction oi of tin; application oi anj A ailing vessel i1 maj be regarded as di the .1 to the iron and steel sailing ship, as ii forms apter in the history oi structural evolution which is for the moment complete. Fig. 2 shows the type oi structural design winch obtained over forty years ago. when sailers where probably mon co aion in shipyards than steamers, and when the largi ft. length might be said to havi taken iron sailer of aboui up the work of the wood ship of similar dimensions, having behind it all the advantages in design derived from thirty Fig. 3 shows e 111 iron steamship construction. large steel sailing tin section oi what was still considered length of 2; ship when built some ten years ago havingI

2S0asini

ft.

beI

regarded:i !

the

by 42 apex

ft.

1

1

in.

by 26

ft..

*

\\

itel

oi

'incut

in

!

.

ling tonnagi

the length was.a

reased

1

1

ii

on the

construction under Lloyd's Rules, which is a continue lines oi the pte\ ious plan oted oi keelsons and strinj shell attachments, togeth steel upper deck. Fig. ; shows the construction oi vessels built under the Rules oi per cent. when- deep frames are fitte the shellincrea ed by intercostali

I

1

,

1

ii

1

1

Kg.SAILINGZOO X 34SHIP.

IVSAILING22"Ii

tet lighter than in the corresponding vi old complication in the internal structure, but tit In France and Germany much more free from obstruction. larger sailing vi been buiH than in Britain, some Unfortunafc having lengths which approach 400 it. sign, bui am not in a position to show should imagine it probable that the\ havi been buiH much on the same plan is iteamers of their size. So far a B is concerned, it may be said that progressI I

:(.

SHIP.

4X

256X

*0'. X 25'.

LUSlTANlA760X 67 6*X 60' TO

I90T.SHELTER DECK.

GREAT

EASTERN.622'

1659.O'.

X

58'-

U-t

1-X

!'

'll

'-

-

LARGE TYPE OF SAILING1897.

SHIP.

construi tion has been arrested atsize

thi

had

introducedto

complexity

tage where increasing born oi doubt, and nfor nevilingitself,

circuin taa historj ships,

wouldvi

probably'""' e

repeat

and

thenhu1 eased con dei ably, there had been n