Upload
others
View
8
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Marine ElectricalLake Pleasant Sailing Club
2016
Sunday, April 17, 16
• Intro
• Marine DC Wiring
• Hands on Wire Splicing
• Batteries
• AC Shore Power
Areas of Discussion
Sunday, April 17, 16
Marine Wiring Standards
The American Boat and Yacht Counsel (ABYC) established the minimum standards for AC & DC marine electrical wiring.
Boat manufactures and marine technicians are required to comply to the ABYC standards.
These standards are design to ensure reliable and safe recreational boating.
Marine standards are unique due to the extreme motion and weather conditions they are subject to.
Sunday, April 17, 16
Type of Wire for Marine Use
All wires should be labeled as “Boat Cable ...” or “Marine Grade ... “ which have 600 volt insulation and are oil resistant.
All wires must be stranded, rather than solid and all connections must be crimped.
Soldering should be avoided or limited as it creates stiffness which could cause wire strands to fray.
Sunday, April 17, 16
• Red is always positive
• Yellow or black is negative
• Green is for ground
Marine Wire Color
• Black is alway hot
• White is always neutral
• Green is for ground
DC Wire Color AC Wire Color
Sunday, April 17, 16
Electrical Busbars
• Provide secure connections
• Even distribution of current
• Allows organization
• AC Hot (Black)
• AC Neutral (White)
• DC Hot (Red)
• DC Negative (Yellow or Black)
• AC/DC Ground (Green/Copper)
Sunday, April 17, 16
• Crimped connections provide secured connections
• Heat shrinking connectors for area exposed to water and dampness
• Closed loop terminal ends ensures that loose connections do not slip off
Connectors and Terminals
Use the proper size and type of connections to withstand the conditions on boats.
Sunday, April 17, 16
The proper gage wire is define by two factors:
• The length of the run (from source of power to the location of the load)
• The amount of amps to be pulled
Wire Gage
Wire suitable for boats is sized using the American Wire Gauge (AWG), vs ASE which is used for automotive use.
Sunday, April 17, 16
AWG Gauge Table
Sunday, April 17, 16
Wire Splicing Exercise
• Select gage wire AWG10, AWG12 or AWG14
• Cut in half and trim the end
• Connect two ends with proper size connector
• Attach proper terminal ends on each end.
Sunday, April 17, 16
• Provides consistent voltage to each appliance
• Provides independent steam of current to each appliance
• Common for controlling power to a single appliance
• Should not be used for multiple appliances
Types of Wired Circuits
Parallel Circuit
Series Circuit
Parallel Circuit
Series Circuit
Sunday, April 17, 16
Types of Batteries
Cranking vs Deep Cycle
Flooded vs Sealed (AGM) Batteries
Sunday, April 17, 16
Battery Maintenance
How low can you drain a battery without damaging it
Different charging methods for different types of batteries
Solar chargers/regulators
Always remove negative first and attach last
Sunday, April 17, 16
• Same Voltage
• Extend Amp Hours
Types of Battery Banks
In Parallel In Series
• Same Amp Hours
• Extend Voltage
Examples assume each battery is 12V / 100Ah
Sunday, April 17, 16
Shore Power Wiring
Sunday, April 17, 16
Master Circuit Breakers
ELCI—Electric Leakage Circuit Interruptor—protects the boat, its crew and nearby swimmers from being electrocuted.
• Current leaks from hot or neutral wires to the ground wire.
• Loose or broken ground wire that could leak current into appliances or the water around the boat.
Sunday, April 17, 16
Reverse Polarity
• When the hot and neutral lines are reversed.
• Creates a potential risk to electrical equipment because there is no longer a fuse between the power source and the equipment.
• Creates the danger of electrical shock because the fuses will still control an appliances but there is always current flowing into the appliance.
Sunday, April 17, 16
Galvanic Isolator
• Prevents grounded underwater metals such as, zinc anodes, seacocks and shafts from galvanic corrosion.
• Allows AC fault current to pass unimpeded while blocking, to a degree, DC current.
• Connects to the AC ground near the boat’s AC inlet.
Sunday, April 17, 16