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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
“IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING AND OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND NECESSARY POLICY MEASURES”
Toward the establishment of a network in the west Pacific region
Date: Thursday 19th
– Friday 20th
January, 2017
Venue: The Sasakawa Peace Foundation Building, Tokyo, Japan
Background:
The greenhouse gases emitted by our society not only cause global warming, but also increase the
levels of carbon dioxide in our oceans, leading to their acidification. Global warming as well as ocean acidification
are issues of increasing global importance, and have been mentioned in the United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development (Rio+20) outcome document in 2012 as well as the Sustainable Development Goals
adopted in September 2015. However, despite the increased global focus on the issue, the response to ocean
acidification in Japan’s surrounding waters as well as the west Pacific region has been lacking.
In order to increase awareness on the issue, OPRI-SPF is hosting the international conference “Impacts
of Global Warming and Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Necessary Policy Measures – Toward the
establishment of a network in the west Pacific region –.” The conference aims to increase understanding of the
current situation in the west Pacific region, identify issues, and formulate relevant policies, in the hopes of
creating a network of ocean acidification experts in the region.
Thursday 19th
January (10:00 – 17:00)
10:00 – 10:30 Opening Ceremony
Opening Remarks
Hiroshi Terashima
President, Ocean Policy Research Institute, Sasakawa Peace Foundation (OPRI-SPF)
Introductory Speech
Yoshihisa Shirayama
Executive Director, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
10:30 – 12:30 Keynote Speech
“Research and Policy Trends on Ocean Acidification around the World”
David Osborn
Director, Environment Laboratories, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications,
International Atomic Energy Agency
Keynote Speech
“Ocean Acidification: An Increasingly Important Issue on Global and Local Scales for
Governments and Society”
Carol Turley
Senior Scientist, Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Keynote Speech
“Towards Building an Ocean Acidification Network”
Jan Newton
Senior Principal Oceanographer, Affiliate Assistant Professor, Oceanography,
University of Washington
12:30– 13:30 Lunch Break
- 1 -
Session 1 : Current Trends and Issues on the North-West Pacific Oceans including the Bering Sea
13:30 – 15:30 Session 1-1
“The Status of Ocean Acidification in the Subtropical Pacific Region”
Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
Professor, Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University
Session 1-2
“Progress of Ocean Acidification in the western North Pacific”
Masao Ishii
Head of 3rd Laboratory, Oceanography and Geochemistry Research Department,
Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency
Session 1-3
“Ocean Acidification Studies in the Seas around Japan”
Tsuneo Ono
Chief Scientist, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA)
Session 1-4
“Ocean Acidification and its Effects on Pacific Island States”
Tommy S. Moore
Pacific Islands Global Ocean Observing System Officer,
Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)
15:30 – 15:45 Coffee Break
Session 1 (cont.)
15:45 – 16:55
Session 1-5
Discussion : “Issues in the West Pacific Region”
Moderator Speech
Yukihiro Nojiri
Professor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Hirosaki University
Panel Discussion
16:55 – 17:00 Wrap-up for the Day
17:30 – Reception
Friday 20th
January (9:30 – 17:00)
Session 2 : Response and Policy
9:30 – 11:00
Session 2-1
“Social Regional Impacts of Ocean Acidification in Japan”
Masahiko Fujii
Associate Professor, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science,
Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University
Session 2-2
“Mitigation Options - CCS and the Marine Environment”
Jun Kita
Supervisory Researcher, Marine Ecology Research Institute
Session 2-3
“Ocean Acidification: Another Reason to Act”
Tetsuji Ida
Senior Staff Reporter, Kyodo News
11:00 – 11:15 Coffee Break
- 2 -
Session 2 (cont.)
11:15 – 12:15
Session 2-4
Discussion : “Measures for Converting Response into Policy”
Moderator Speech:
Joji Morishita
Professor, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Panel Discussion
12:15 – 13:15 Lunch Break
Session 3 : Towards Establishing a Network
13:15 – 15:15
Session 3-1
“Synthesis of Information on North Pacific Ocean Acidification Studies by the North Pacific
Marine Science Organization (PICES) ”
Tsuneo Ono
Chief Scientist, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA)
Session 3-2
“Coastal Temperature & OA Monitoring Strategy for the USP Region – Present Status and
Future Plans”
Antoine de Ramon N’Yeurt
Marine Biologist and Algal Taxonomist Lecturer, University of the South Pacific (USP)
Session 3-3
“Studies on the Effects of Warming and Ocean Acidification to Coral Reef Organisms at the
Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus”
Kazuhiko Sakai
Professor, Ryukyu University
Session 3-4
“Future Earth / SIMSEA and MARINE Crisis Watch & Action”
Toshio Yamagata
Director, Application Laboratory, JAMSTEC
15:15 – 15:30 Coffee Break
Session 3 (cont.)
15:30 – 16:55
Session 3-5
Discussion : “Towards Networking in the West Pacific Region”
Moderator: Yoshihisa Shirayama
� Data Integration
� Monitoring Strategies
� Technological Support
� MARINE Crisis Watch (Information Sharing Platform)
� Raising Public Awareness
Wrap-up of the conference
16:55 – 17:00 Closing Ceremony
【Contact】
The Ocean Policy Research Institute, Sasakawa Peace Foundation
Mr. Tomohiko Tsunoda, Ms. Nobuko Nakamura
Tel. 03-5157-5237
- 3 -
Keynote Speech
“Research and Policy Trends on Ocean Acidification around the World”
David Osborn
Director,
Environment Laboratories,
Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications,
International Atomic Energy Agency
・1991-1995 Seaman Officer, Royal Australian Navy
・1996-2001 Senior Policy Officer, Australian Government’s Department of Environment and
Heritage
・2001-2005 Programme Officer, United Nations Environment Programme
・2005-2007 Director, Coastal Policy and Water Quality, Australian Government’s
Department of Environment and Heritage
・2007-2008 Director, Community Partnerships, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
・2008-2012 Coordinator, UNEP Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the
Marine Environment from Land-based Activities
・2013-present Director, Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency
Mr David Osborn joined the International Atomic Energy Agency as Director, Environment Laboratories, in
Monaco in January 2013. Formerly with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in Nairobi and The
Hague, he was Coordinator of the 1995 Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine
Environment from Land-Based Activities and Coordinator of UNEP’s Ecosystem Management Programme. A
national of Australia with qualifications in both environmental science and environmental law, his interests and
career have focussed extensively on the link between robust science and good governance. He has held director
posts at the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and the Australian Government’s Department of the
Environment and Water Resources, and has served as an Advisor to the Australian Government Minister for the
Environment. He was formerly an officer in the Royal Australian Navy.
- 4 -
Scie
nce-
Polic
y In
terf
ace
- 5 -
Sour
ce: F
eely,
R.A
., S.
C. D
oney
and
S.R.
Coo
ley
(200
9), ‘
Oce
an
acid
ifica
tion:
pre
sent
con
ditio
ns a
nd fu
ture
cha
nges
in a
hig
h-CO
2 w
orld
’, O
cean
ogra
phy,
22
(4),
36–4
7.D
ay 1
6D
ay 2
Day
1
Shel
lsex
pose
dto
cor
rosiv
e oc
ean
cond
ition
s exp
ecte
dby
21
00
Imag
e: V
icto
ria F
abry
, Cal
iforn
ia S
tate
Uni
vers
ity S
an M
arco
s
Mov
ie:
Brad
Sei
bel,
Univ
ersi
ty o
f Rho
de I
slan
d
Mar
ine
Labo
rato
ries,
Mon
aco
Te
rres
tria
l Lab
orat
orie
s, A
ustr
ia
- 6 -
We
prod
uce
Refe
renc
e Pr
oduc
ts…
we
also
con
duct
rese
arch
… a
nd w
e tr
ain
scie
ntist
s.
Boro
n is
otop
es -
pale
o-pH
pro
xy
pH
: 7. 507 57. 07 505505
pH p
robe
Use
of r
adio
trac
ers t
o st
udy
impa
ct o
f OA
on
biol
ogic
al p
roce
sses
, e.g
. cal
cific
atio
n +45
Ca 54M
n,
57Co
,65
Zn,
109 C
d,11
0MAg
,13
4 Cs,
241 A
m
- 7 -
Sour
ce: I
PCC
(201
4)No
te: B
otto
m p
anel
show
s im
pact
s of o
cean
aci
dific
atio
n on
mol
lusc
s, c
rust
acea
ns a
nd
cora
ls, b
ased
on
a m
eta-
anal
ysis
of p
eer-
revi
ewed
art
icle
s; n
egat
ive
impa
cts i
ncre
ase
with
in
crea
sing
leve
ls of
pCO
2; to
p nu
mbe
rs sh
ow th
e nu
mbe
r of s
peci
es st
udie
dRi
ebes
ella
nd G
attu
so(2
015)
Dire
ct e
ffect
s of
CO2
and
pHIn
dire
ct e
ffect
s on:
Biod
iver
sity
and
food
web
sFi
sher
ies a
nd
food
secu
rity
Coas
tal
prot
ectio
n
Clim
ate
proc
esse
s
Ecos
yste
ms
Eco
syst
em se
rvic
es
Animals, plants & microbes
People (costs & values)
CO2
incr
ease
Biog
eo-
chem
ical
pr
oces
ses
Impa
cts o
n or
gani
sms
(pos
itive
&
nega
tive)
Impa
cts o
n ch
emist
rys of
Indi
rect
effe
ctso
n:
How
OA
affe
cts s
ocie
ty
Sour
ce: P
hil W
illia
mso
n
- 8 -
Gatt
uso
et a
l, 20
15
- 9 -
“And
whi
le th
e pH
of o
cean
wat
er m
ay
vary
slig
htly
from
one
pla
ce to
ano
ther
,
risi
ng le
vels
of o
cean
aci
dific
atio
n
thre
aten
oce
an e
colo
gy e
very
whe
re. A
long
wit
h th
e at
mos
pher
e, o
ur o
cean
is th
e
grea
test
of a
ll of
our
sha
red
asse
ts. “
Secr
etar
y Jo
hn K
erry
wi
ggggggggggggggggggggre
• • • • •
- 10 -
“Wecallforsupporttoinitiativesthataddressoceanacidificationandthe
impactsofclimatechange
onmarineandcoastalecosystemsand
resources.Inthisregard,wereiteratetheneedtoworkcollectivelyto
preventfurtheroceanacidification,
aswellas
enhancethe
resilienceof
marineecosystemsandofthecommunities
whose
livelihoods
depend
onthem,andto
supportmarinescientific
research,monitoringandobservationofoceanacidificationand
particularly
vulnerable
ecosystems,
including
through
enhanced
internationalcooperationinthisregard.”
iaea.org/ocean-acidification
news-oceanacidification-icc.org
http://tinyurl.com/oaicc-data
http://tinyurl.com/oaicc-biblio
- 11 -
Keynote S
“OceanAn I
Carol Turle
Senior Scien
Plymouth M
Dr Carol Tu
shallow and
In the last 10
Group on oc
4th Assessm
She was/is a
the EU fund
Exchange Co
DECC.
She is a me
Ocean Acidi
internationa
She is a mem
programmes
She has con
IUCN, IAEA a
She has givin
Conferences
Rio+20 in 20
She spoke a
State Depart
She briefs a
Chief Scienti
Houses of Pa
She has pub
its cause, ch
She has ove
conferences
She received
Speech
n AcidificIncreasin
Lo
ey
ntist,
Marine Labor
rley’s resear
deep-sea sed
0 years she b
cean acidifica
ment Report o
a member of
ded Mediterr
oordinator fo
ember of the
ification-Inter
al Ocean Acid
mber of the in
s.
ntributed to s
and IOC-UNES
ng evidence t
s on Climate
012, at the UN
t the Ocean
tment in 201
wide range
ists on the lat
arliament and
blished and p
hemistry, impa
er 130 peer
s.
d an OBE for s
cation: ngly Impoocal Scale
ratory
ch has been
diments, estu
became intere
ation and a Le
on Climate Ch
the Executive
ranean Sea A
or the UK Oce
e SOLAS-IMB
rnational Coo
ification Refe
nternational
stakeholder o
SCO.
to the UNFCC
Change in cu
N in New Yor
Acidification
4 attended b
of interested
test science o
d European P
presented on
acts and the
reviewed p
services to sc
ortant Ises for Go
n centred on
uaries, fronta
ested in ocea
ead Author o
hange and a R
e Board of th
Acidification i
ean Acidifica
ER Ocean Ac
ordination Ce
erence User G
Science Advis
or policy targ
CC SBSTA in B
ulminating in
k in 2013 and
Panel, giving
by Heads of St
d global stake
of ocean acid
Parliament.
a wide range
potential soc
publications a
cience in the
sue on Governmen
the ocean’s
al systems to
n acidificatio
on the 2007 I
Review Editor
he EU funded
n a Changing
tion (UKOA)
cidification W
entre at the
Group.
sory Boards f
geted publica
Bonn and sinc
n the latest o
d the Conven
g the science
tate from 80
eholders inclu
dification, war
e of topics w
cial, economic
and has bee
2011 New Ye
Global annts and S
s biogeochem
large enclose
n and was a
ntergovernm
r for the 5th I
European Pr
g Climate (M
Research Pro
Working Grou
IAEA, Mona
for the Germa
ations with M
ce 2009 prese
one in Paris in
tion on Biolo
e presentation
countries.
uding UK Gov
rming and de
within the fiel
c and politica
en an invited
ear’s Honours
nd Society”
mical cycles
ed waters.
member of T
mental Panel o
PCC Assessm
roject on Oce
edSeA) proje
ogramme fun
up, chairs the
co and is a f
an and US na
MCCIP, WMO
ented at side
n 2015 (COP
ogical Diversit
n at the Our
vernment de
eoxygenation
d of ocean a
al consequenc
d speaker at
s List.
looking at h
The Royal Soc
on Climate C
ment Report.
ean Acidificat
ect and is the
nded by NER
e Advisory B
founding me
ational ocean
O, The World
e-events at th
21), at the E
ty COP in S. K
Ocean Summ
partments, M
and has pres
cidification, r
ces.
numerous i
abitats from
iety Working
hange (IPCC)
ion (EPOCA),
e Knowledge
C, Defra and
oard for the
ember of the
acidification
Bank, UNEP,
he annual UN
arth Summit
Korea in 2014
mit at the US
Ministers and
sented in the
ranging from
international
g
e
t
4.
S
- 12 -
The
Oce
an a
nd th
e U
N’s
Clim
ate
Con
fere
nce
Oce
an a
cidi
ficat
ion:
an
incr
easi
ngly
impo
rtan
t iss
ue o
n gl
obal
to lo
cal s
cale
s for
gov
ernm
ents
and
soci
ety
Impa
cts
of g
loba
l war
min
g an
d oc
ean
acid
ifica
tion
on m
arin
e ec
osys
tem
s an
d ne
cess
ary
polic
y m
easu
res,
Back
to b
asic
s: th
e oc
ean
abso
rbs o
ver a
qua
rter
of m
an-
mad
e CO
2 em
issio
ns
2002
-201
3 Ca
rbon
bud
get
LQ
éé
tl2
013
CDIA
CD
tG
lb
lCb
Pj
t20
13
- 13 -
…. r
educ
ing
atm
osph
eric
war
min
g bu
t ca
usin
g oc
ean
acid
ifica
tion
- 14 -
Henn
ige
et a
l (20
15).
Proc
Roy
Soc
B, 2
82
Cold
wat
er c
oral
s may
be
part
icul
arly
vul
nera
ble
They
are
impo
rtan
t ree
f-lik
e ha
bita
ts a
roun
d ou
r sho
res
Loph
elia
- 15 -
They
are
impo
rtan
t ree
f-lik
e ha
bita
ts a
roun
d ou
r sho
res
Loph
elia
Varia
bilit
y of
OA
impa
cts r
elat
ed to
life
cyc
le
Mov
ie:
Brad
Sei
bel,
Univ
ersi
ty o
f Rho
de I
slan
d
Pte
ropo
ds s
hells
are
alr
eady
dis
solv
ing
in t
he S
outh
ern
Oce
an
and
off
Cal
ifor
nia
Bed
narš
ek
Pot
enti
al f
oodw
eb im
pact
s fr
om d
ecre
ase
in P
tero
pods
- 16 -
Bio
logi
cali
mpa
cts
are
com
plex
…va
riab
ility
atdi
ffer
ent
leve
ls
…..c
ausi
ng it
to
war
m
IPCC
AR5
201
4
…. a
long
with
the
rmal
exp
ansi
on, r
esul
ting
in s
ea le
vel r
ise
- 17 -
…du
e to
war
min
g w
ater
s in
crea
sing
…
dea
d zo
nes
with
low
oxy
gen
will
incr
ease
IPCC
AR5
201
4
- 18 -
Sci
ence
–
- 19 -
–
–
Impa
cts
will
be
stro
nges
t in
coa
stal
co
mm
unit
ies
rely
ing
on m
arin
e pr
oduc
tivi
ty
and
coas
tal p
rote
ctio
n
Man
y of
the
se a
re
high
ly v
ulne
rabl
e an
d le
ss a
ble
to a
dapt
- 20 -
–
–
–
It’s
a tw
o
–
- 21 -
• • • •–
…th
ey in
fluen
ce G
over
nmen
t
•–
–
…th
ey in
fluen
ce th
e pu
blic
… w
ho m
ake
the
deci
sion
s…
that
brin
g ab
out c
hang
e
PE
ER
S
PO
LIC
Y M
AK
ER
S,
ME
DIA
& P
UB
LIC
Sp
ecia
lized
lan
gu
ag
e
Ad
ap
ted
lan
gu
ag
e
Mu
lti-
dis
cip
lin
ary
lan
gu
ag
e
SO
CIO
-
EC
ON
OM
IST
SIN
DU
ST
RY
Mu
lti-
dis
cip
lin
ary
lan
gu
ag
eS
CIE
NT
IST
S
–
–
- 22 -
–
But
don
’t st
op th
ere!
Rea
ch th
e ne
xt g
ener
atio
n …
.
- 23 -
Oce
ans
of ta
lks
and
pane
ls…
….
- 24 -
UN
’s In
terg
over
nmen
tal P
anel
on
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
2008
: CB
D’s
firs
t rep
ort o
n O
A
2014
: CD
B’s
upd
ated
syn
thes
is re
port
Nat
ure
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
–
“to
achi
eve
stab
iliza
tion
of g
reen
hous
e ga
s co
ncen
trat
ions
in t
he a
tmos
pher
e at
a le
vel t
hat
w
ould
pre
vent
dan
gero
us a
nthr
opog
enic
in
terf
eren
ce w
ith th
e cl
imat
e sy
stem
ocea
n is
cle
arly
par
t of t
he “
clim
ate
syst
em”
“tot
ality
of t
he a
tmos
pher
e, h
ydro
sphe
re,
bios
pher
e an
dge
osph
ere
and
thei
r int
erac
tions
”
–
- 25 -
“wel
l bel
ow” 2
“Not
ing
the
impo
rtanc
e of
ens
urin
g th
e in
tegr
ity o
f
…..”
“wel
l bel
ow” 2
“Not
ing
the
impo
rtanc
e of
ens
urin
g th
e in
tegr
ity o
f
…..”
G7
Nat
ions
’ Oce
an In
itiat
ive
Bonn
/Fiji
……
……
……
….
- 26 -
–
- 27 -
Keynote Speech
“Towards Building an Ocean Acidification Network”
Jan Newton
Senior Principal Oceanographer, Affiliate Assistant Professor,
Oceanography, University of Washington
PROFESSIONAL AND ACADEMIC CREDENTIALS
University of Washington Oceanography Ph.D., 1989
MBARI Postdoctoral Fellow Oceanography 1989-1991
PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS
Senior Principal Oceanographer, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, 2004-present
・Executive Director, Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems, NANOOS, the PNW
Regional Association of U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System since 2004
・Co-Director, Washington Ocean Acidification Center, University of Washington since 2013
・Instructor, UW Friday Harbor Laboratories (FHL) since 1991
Affiliate Assistant Professor, University of Washington, School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, 2009-present
Affiliate Assistant Professor, University of Washington, School of Oceanography, 1998-present
Senior Oceanographer, Washington State Department of Ecology, 1994-2004
Senior Research Scientist, Northeastern University, Marine Science Center, 1993-2005
Research Associate, University of Washington, School of Oceanography, 1991-1993
SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES
PI for NANOOS: As Executive Director since 2004, my responsibilities include being the PI for our 5-year
proposal involving multiple institutions and 19 PIs and $4M/y proposed budgets.
Communication with elected officials: Invited to brief U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and
Transportation, June 2013 on ICOOS and FOARAM Acts; briefed WA State Legislature during 2005-2008 on
science needs and research. Governor-appointee to WA Governor’s Blue Ribbon Panel on Ocean Acidification;
Member of West Coast Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Science Panel. As Co-Director for the WA OA Center,
serve the Marine Resource Advisory Council and support/provide WA Legislature briefings.
Ocean Acidification Observing Networks: Participate in global to local scale ocean acidification observing efforts.
Lead author for Requirements and Governance Plan for global-scale OA observing network (GOA-ON).
Presented GOA-ON overview at GEO Summit in Geneva, SIDS UNESCO in Samoa, and US State Department
Roundtable. Member of GOA-ON Executive Council; co-chaired three GOA-ON workshops (US, UK, Australia)
to build GOA-ON effort.
Tribal STEM and experiential education: Work with Northwest Indian College to entrain their students in STEM
research and develop peer-to-peer knowledge transfer through shared cruises as part of my UW Friday Harbor
Laboratories Research Apprenticeship on the “Pelagic Ecosystem Function.” This FHL program is designed to
mentor undergraduate apprentices in ecosystem-wide research, cutting across traditional research lines and
using discovery methods of research.
Regional applied research: As WA OA Center Co-Director, coordinate academic, state, federal, tribal and
industry researchers to monitor and forecast OA and assess its biological effects. As NANOOS Director, lead
development and application of operational coastal observations to user-driven products. As former Hood
Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program PI, coordinated hypoxia research, citizen science, and public education, and
worked with two tribes to include HCDOP science into their programs, mentoring tribal members/scientists;
was featured at 2007-2010 UW Tribal Summits. Member Puget Sound Partnership Science Panel.
- 28 -
- 29 -
salinity
oxyge
n
omega
ara
gonite
- 30 -
- 31 -
- 32 -
- 33 -
WA
Blu
e Ri
bbon
Pan
el R
ecom
men
dat
ions
- 34 -
WA
Blu
e Ri
bbon
Pan
el R
ecom
men
dat
ions
WA
Blu
e Ri
bbon
Pan
el R
ecom
men
dat
ions
WA
Blu
e Ri
bbon
Pan
el R
ecom
men
dat
ions
WA
Blu
e Ri
bbon
Pan
el R
ecom
men
dat
ions
- 35 -
WA
Blu
e Ri
bbon
Pan
el R
ecom
men
dat
ions
- 36 -
Obs
erva
tions
Fore
cast
s/M
odel
ing
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t
Use
r Pro
duct
s
Out
reac
h an
d Ed
ucat
ion
Leve
rage
and
Lin
k
- 37 -
- 38 -
Uni
vers
ity o
f Was
hing
ton
& U
niv.
of S
trath
clyd
e
Feel
y et
al.,
2016
Sied
leck
iet a
l.,20
16
- 39 -
www.nan
oos.org
www.ip
acoa
.org
Bas
ic:
Choo
se b
est w
ater
Clea
n sy
stem
s
Mod
erate:
Mon
itor p
H a
nd b
uffe
r wat
er
Sodi
um C
arbo
nate
Adv
ance
d:M
onito
rar
agon
ite c
ontin
uous
lyan
d bu
ffer
Long
term
mul
ti-pa
ram
eter
sam
plin
g
- 40 -
Burk
e H
ales
, Ore
gon
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
Chr
onic
Affe
cts
Chr
onic
Affe
cts
Chr
onic
Affe
cts
Acu
te A
ffect
s
- 41 -
Bur
ke-o
-lato
rA
CD
C
Mon
itorin
g O
A fo
r gro
win
g sh
ellfi
sh is
mor
e th
an a
pH
sen
sor
… n
eed
to u
nder
stan
d ar
agon
ite s
atur
atio
n st
ate
Ala
n B
arto
n, P
acifi
c C
oast
She
llfis
h G
row
ers
Ass
ocia
tion
mon
itorin
g le
ad
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