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Marijuana, K2 and Other DrugsWhat Athletics Administrators Should Know
NCAA Convention
January 13, 2010
Panelists: Andrea Wickerham, The National Center for Drug Free Sport
Doug Padron, Monmouth University
John Sullivan, Providence College and University of Rhode Island
Marijuana Effects/NIDA
• euphoria and relaxation• slowed reaction time• distorted sensory
perception• impaired balance and
coordination • increased heart rate and
appetite
• impaired learning and memory
• anxiety, panic attacks, psychosis
• cough, frequent respiratory infections
• possible mental health decline
• addiction
Drug Use and Grades
Marijuana – 2009 NCAA Study
• 23.6% reported use within the last 12 months.
• Over 1/2 report use as less than once per month.
• Majority indicated use only during their off season.
• Majority obtained from a friend, family member or teammate.
NCAA Positive Tests for Marijuana
9899
9900
200001
200102
200203
200304
200405
2005 06
200607
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
Total No. of Tests
1128 1488 1474 1657 1513 1561 1516 2565 2581 2512 2481 2568
Street Drugs 5 20 7 10 8 10 17 37 21 30 26 71
Percent positive
.4 1.3 .4 .6 .5 .6 1.1 1.4 .8 1.2 1.0 2.8%
• Championship test results
Science and Legal Issues
Andrea Wickerham
Vice-President
The National Center for Drug Free Sport
K2 – What is it?• Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist
• AKA Spice, Spice Gold, Pot-pourri, Serenity and herbal incense
• JWH-018, JWH-073, HU-210, CP 47, 497 (over 100 synthetic cannabinoids)
• Developed for research purposes Pain management Brain research Anti-slip agent Contaminant found in many plastics
• Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) substitute? But structurally quite different Potentially more potent than THC
K2 – What is it?• Street drug?
• Marketed as “all natural” to teens and young adults
• Smokeable (pipe, water pipe, rolled papers, inhaled smoke or vapors)
• Internet, tobacco and pipe stores, “head shops,” convenience stores
• Not made for human consumption
• JWH-018 and its chemical cousins have a chemical structure shared with known cancer-causing agents
K2 – What is it?• No published safety data
• No published known effects in humans
• Anecdotal reports of the following: Agitation Anxiety Tachycardia Vomiting Very high blood pressure Seizures Hallucinations Non-responsiveness
Drug Testing for K2
“We have a student-athlete who was in the emergency room over the weekend! Says he was smoking ‘Spice’. His heart was racing, his BP was off the charts, and he was hallucinating. This went on for hours!! Can you drug test him for this stuff.”
Drug Testing for K2• Remember – K2 or Spice Gold or Spice is NOT marijuana (THC)• Traditional “street drug panel” will not find these synthetic cannabinoids• Developing a test is complex• Must first locate and isolate the substance• Pure metabolite or in an excretion urine• Human use for research purposes (ethical issues)• Create the assay and validate the testing methodologies• Cost prohibitive for most labs• UCLA Olympic Analytical Lab has developed a screen and confirmation
for JWH-018 in urine• Screen for JWH-073• Only the metabolites appear in urine• Short detection window (up to 72 hours?)• Qualitative test (indicates presence or no presence, no threshold)
Drug Testing for THC• ∆9 – tetrahydrocannabinol acid (metabolite of THC)
• Banned Drug Class = Street drug (NCAA)
• Quantative test (concentration found in urine) e.g. 75 ng/mL
• Traditional testing methodologies Immunoassay (screen) GC/MS (confirmation)
• Reasons for testing for THC Workplace (safety) Sport (use, deterrence, health and safety)
• Thresholds/Cutoffs for positive NCAA = > 15 ng/mL (confirmation) Institutional autonomy to lower threshold > 5 ng/mL (confirmation)
Drug Testing for THC• Detection period
It depends … Chronic user Recent use Amount smoked THC concentration Body size Body metabolism
• Second-hand smoke/passive inhalation Not likely Consider the research Investigate, gather the facts, ask questions
Legal Landscape• K2 Legal Issues
Initially legal Currently illegal or regulated in 15 states Bills pending in other states Sanctions vary depending on possession, sale, manufacture or
distribution November 24, 2010 – DEA issued a notice of intent to place 5 of
the synthetic cannabinoids into the Controlled Substances Act (CSA)
Demonstrated an “imminent hazard to safety of the public” Schedule I substance Impose federal criminal sanctions
Legal Landscape• THC Issues
Federal offense to possess Proposition 19 in California failed (Regulate, Control and Tax Cannabis Act) Legal in 15 states and DC for medical purposes 6 states have pending legislation for medical marijuana Numerous state differences
Amount allowed for use Amount allowed for plant cultivation Approved medical conditions Written documentation from a physician Dispensaries
Other NGB and Anti-Doping Organization’s Policies
• World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List
Potential to enhance or enhances sport performance Use of the substance or method represents an actual or potential health
risk to the athlete Use of the substance or method violates the spirit of sport as described
in the WADA Code Must meet 2 of these 3
Bans THC “In Competition” Bans synthetic cannabinoids (JWH-018, JWH-073, HU-210) “In
Competition”
Other NGB and Anti-Doping Organizations’ Policies
• Professional LeaguesBan and test for THCNFL (Substance of Abuse Program)NBA, NBA D-League, WNBALPGA and PGAMiLB (Minor League Baseball)
Andrea S. Wickerham, J.D.Vice President
The National Center for Drug Free Sport
2537 Madison Ave. | Kansas City, 2537 Madison Ave. | Kansas City, MO 64108 | 816.474.8655 ext. 118| MO 64108 | 816.474.8655 ext. 118| [email protected]@drugfreesport.com
NCAA and CSMAS Considerations Regarding Drug Testing
(Deterrence, Student-Athlete Health and Safety)
• Doug Padron, ATC
• Associate Athletic Director, Monmouth University
• Chair of NCAA Drug Education and Testing Subcommittee
Overview• Current Penalties
• Medical Use
• CSMAS Recommendations
• Education:• APPLE Conference • Power of Peer Education• Monmouth University Experience
Current Penalties• Loss of one full season of participation
– NCAA Bylaw 18.4.5.1
• Often, student-athletes do not recover and return to play:– Game passes them by– Team moves on without them– University may not renew scholarship
• Wasted opportunity…
Medical Use• The terminally ill• Cancer• Amelioration of nausea• Stimulation of hunger
in chemo and aids patients
• Decreasing pressure for glaucoma
CSMAS Position on Medical MJ
• regulation of medical marijuana is variable, with no FDA review or approval
• there are no uniform procedures for procuring a medical marijuana card
• marijuana delivered through smoking is a crude delivery system that also delivers harmful substances
• there are approved effective treatments for those medical conditions generally identified for medical marijuana
Education Strategies• What’s already in your backyard
• SAAC, SAM, & Champs Life Skills
• NCAA Apple Conference
• Guest Speakers
• Institutional Drug Testing
MU Apple Experience
Initiated Alcohol and Other Drug Education Program in Spring 2003 Education programs Creation of Peer Leadership Program Spring 2003 Drug Testing, Fall 2oo4
1st Trip to Apple 2004 (6 S-As, 2 ATCs) Alcohol Education Student-Athletes and Administration work together to enhance Alcohol Policy
2nd Trip to Apple 2006 (7 S-As, 2 ATCs) Code of ConductCode of Conduct Frosh Student-Athlete Orientation/Education Program Presented @ Apple Indianapolis in 2007 Awarded the Prism Award for excellence in athletic administration
4th Trip to Apple 2009 (4 S-As, 1 SWA, 1 ATC) Host Education Program Information Pamphlet for Host
• 5th Trip to Apple 2010 (4 S-As, 1 SWA, 2 ATC)– Presented Host Education Program– 2 Projects:
• Play Day with the Hawks• ““Don’t Do Anything That Could Change Everything” campaign Don’t Do Anything That Could Change Everything” campaign
Host Education Meeting Action Plan Summary
Actions People Resources
Date
Survey Student-Athletes Apple Team
Peer Leaders
Time 11/09
Discuss Results/Plan with Coaches
ATC, SWA Time 1/09
Attend Apple UVA Apple Team Time, $ 1/09
Meet w/Athletic Director Apple Team/AD Time 2/09
Development Meetings Apple Team Time/Space Sp/09
Create Host Information Handout
Apple Team Time, $ Print 4/09
Finalize Plan for Meeting Apple Team Time 5/09
Host Education Meeting Entire Athletic Dept Time, $ Food 9/09
Monmouth University Athletic DepartmentCode of Conduct
As Hawks we will protect the integrity of the University, others, and ourselves. To accomplish this mission I WILL:
Make progress towards a degree and graduate from Monmouth University
Actively participate in both the campus and surrounding community
Maintain good sportsmanship by respecting opponents, teammates, fans, and officials
Abide by Team, NEC, and NCAA rules
Agree to the MUAOD Education Policy
Have an open mind toward other’s cultural beliefs and backgrounds
Adhere to the law and respect the rights and property of others
Respect Myself
Respect the Game
Conduct myself like a Champion…Champion…
Goals• Respond to issues on campus and throughout
collegiate athletics• Orient new student-athletes on the philosophy and
expectations of the athletic department• Create the Frosh Education Program by
implementing education programs developed in the Peer Leader Program for all first year student-athletes
• Teach everyone what it means to be a HAWK– Leadership– Accountability = Role Model– Pride – Maturity
Don’t Do Anything That Could Change Everything!
• Recruit additional team leaders
• Orient group on mission• Hold closed door team
meeting– Poor Decision Making– Impact on you and your
team– Pride– Respect
– Accountability
ResultIn one calendar year MU went from the highesthighest percentage of positive screens
to 0%0%!(Approximately 200 drug tests)
Student-athletes can/will have the biggest impact on any change you
need to make to your culture!
Contact Information
Doug Padron, ATC
Associate Athletic Director
Monmouth University
West Long Branch, NJ 07764
(732) 571-3672
Marijuana Use and College: A Time of Risks
John P. Sullivan, Psy.D.
Clinical Sport Psychologist
Providence College and University of Rhode Island
Chief Consultant,Clinical & Sports Consulting Services
Marijuana Use and College: A Time of Risks
• Student-athletes at greater risk for Substance Abuse/Substance Dependence issues
• The hidden gateway drug– 98% of marijuana users later used another
substance (Mohler-Kuo, Lee, & Wechsler 2002)
• About one third of college students reported use before college Johnson et al., 2008– First-year students have highest prevalence– Nearly 1 in 2 (47%) reported having used
marijuana– Relationship between marijuana and other drugs– Increase in prevalence of use nationally from
1993-2008
Marijuana Use and College: A Time of Risks
Interventions and College Campuses• Remember culture counts!• Early Intervention can alter the typical course
– Have a program– Incoming student-athletes can be targeted for
prevention interventions directly and indirectly– Use multiple modes of contact (e.g. didactic,
peer mentor, feedback-based, web-based)
Marijuana Use and College: A Time of Risks
Campus Resources
• Look in your backyard– Counseling Center
• Build a relationship/ partnership • Collaborate early and often for programming• Conduct screenings (Alcohol, Marijuana,
Depression, Anxiety, etc.)
Marijuana Use and College: A Time of Risks
Campus resources
Applied Degree Programs (Psychology, Public Health, Nursing programs, Medical Schools)– Research– Consulting Centers/Supervised Care
Providing– Cross discipline exchange of effort and
ideas
Marijuana Use and College: A Time of Risks
• Looking over the fence– The Pro Ranks– Prevention [Primary, Secondary, and
Tertiary] • Character Development Program (CDP)• Identification/Assessment• Education• Skill Based Program/Transferable• Direct Treatment
Marijuana Use and College: A Time of Risks
John P. Sullivan, Psy.D. Clinical Sport Psychologist
(401) 258-6754
performancedocs.com
NCAA Resources•APPLE Conferences
•CHOICES Grant Awards
•Educational Affairs Program Grants
•Health and Safety Publications
•Heath and Safety Posters
• REC
•Sports Medicine Handbook
www.ncaa.org/health-safety
To promote the Health and Safetyof the more than 400,000 NCAA Student-Athletes!