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Violence forms and topics to be covered in the questionnaire
Maria Giuseppina Muratore
Luxembourg 16/02/2017
IndexWhat to collect….
Forms of violenceSeverity and frequency, consequences of violenceEpisodes’ dynamicsCauses of violence and factor risk (Violence in childhood, Witnessing violence….)Disclosure and seeking for helpCosts of violenceFurther issues
and how to collect….
target populationTitolo intervento, nome cognome relatore – Luogo, data
Forms of violence
Physical violence
Sexual violence
Psychological violence
Economic violence
Stalking
Sexual violence in childhood
Sexual harassment
Other forms of violence
Forced marriageForced abortionForced sterilizationCoercive/forced use of contraceptiveEarly marriageFemale genital mutilation
Time frame
For partner the relationship
For non partner from 16 (or 15 or 18)
Then the last 12 months
When did it happen the last episode
Kind of perpetrator
Partnercurrentformer
Non partnerrelativesacquaintancesfriendscolleagues/at workunknown
Frequency and Severity
As previously said….
Seriousness (injuries and type of injuries, perceived seriousness, feeling in danger of life …..Intensity (one or more times violence occurred, repetitiveness)
Episodes’ dynamicsPlace of occurrenceWho starts the violenceMotivation of violence episode beginningThe victim reactionsViolence dynamics (arms, alcohol abuse of perpetrators)Children witness of violence and children victim of violenceViolence in pregnancyViolence episodes after the separation
Consequences and costs of violence
Use of medicine and therapy to cope with violenceDays out of workDays out from daily activityDays spent in hospitalCrisis centre use and Number of nights in shelterCost for legal aspectsCost for health
Disclosure and seeking for help and awareness
Reporting behaviourWomen capacity of seeking for help:
Shelterswith whom women speak of violencepolice relationshipSatisfaction about the police, actions police did/ what police would have donereason for reporting/reason for not reportingperpetrator chargeconvictions...
Causes of violence and factor riskAbuse in WOMEN background
Mother abuse history Childhood victimisation
Abuse in the PARTNER backgroundExperience of violence in childhoodWitness of father violence against own mother’s
Individual factor risks partner’s relatedPartner’s alcohol abusePartner violent outside family too
Social factor risks partner related
Respondent characteristics
SexAgeMarital/relationship statusAge at first marriageEducational attainment and literacyEconomic activity status (profession, position in the profession, work at home/outside, wage, hours of work)Place of residenceEthnicityAlcohol use behavior
Health conditions Free time useOwn relations with friends, parents…Having a supporting network
Psychosocial conditions during childhood, aspects of nurture, school satisfaction, relations with parents and friends, antisocial behaviour, self-harming behaviours, ages at which respondents first encountered alcohol, drugs and sex…
Homosexual relationship
Respondent characteristics
Partner characteristicsSex AgeEducational attainment and literacyEconomic activity statusWage EthnicitySubstance/alcohol abuseLength of the relationshipLevel of conflictual relationship in the couple and in the familyResidential characteristics (1 or more than 1 family living together)
How to collect data in the questionnaire
Event based description of single acts
List events
Don’t mention the word “violence”
Using screening
a) need to list different acts (don’t mention “violence”)b) need to develop an aggregated list of actsc) list should not be closed-endedd) from the less to the most serious e) include or not threats?
United Nations Guidelines for Producing Statistics on VAW (UN, 2013) recommends the following minimum list: 1. Slapping her2. Throwing something at her that could hurt3. Pushing or shoving or pulling her hair4. Hitting her with something5. Hitting her with fists or other objects6. Kicking, biting or dragging her7. Beating her8. Choking or burning her9. Threatening her with a knife, gun or other weapon10. Using a knife, gun or other weapon against her11. Other (leave open for the respondent to specify)
Physical violence
1
How many screeningIt’s important to ask every form of violence (physical/sexual…) by kind of perpetrator But costs and respondent burden are too high
The most effective and realizable can be 3 screenings for physical and sexual violence
– Non-intimate partner – Current intimate partner– Former intimate partner
Sequence of the questionnaireGradualism
Moving from less sensitive to more sensitive topic
Ask questions on respondent every day life, leisure time, social networks, health, before those on violence
Ask questions regarding violence from non partner, before the partner violence
Insert questions on partner violence after the section on partner’s characteristics, after having asked about the relationship and the psychological/economic violence battery
• Both men and women?
• Only women?
• Violence committed almost exclusively by women against men?
• Same questionnaire for men and women?
• Different questionnaires for any gender?
• Or having the same questionnaire, with filtered questions for males and females?
• Same wording?
Target population: women or men?
Target population: age
Lower age limit for respondents: 15, 16, 18, 20
Upper age limit for respondents: 70, 74, 80 or no upper age limit?