MARCHING AS TO WARMARCHING AS TO WAR

JUBILATIONJUBILATION ACROSS THE WORLD WAR WAS MET WITH ENTHUSIASM ACROSS THE WORLD WAR WAS MET WITH ENTHUSIASM

AND HAPPINESSAND HAPPINESS

CANADA NO EXCEPTION, RECRUITMENT OFFICES JAMMED CANADA NO EXCEPTION, RECRUITMENT OFFICES JAMMED WITH YOUTH SINGING IMPERIALIST SONGSWITH YOUTH SINGING IMPERIALIST SONGS

BRITISH INTELLIGENCE SAID CANADA WOULD PLAY LITTLE BRITISH INTELLIGENCE SAID CANADA WOULD PLAY LITTLE ROLE IN WAR AS MILITIA NOT READYROLE IN WAR AS MILITIA NOT READY

GERMAN INTELLIGENCE STATED THAT CANADA WOULD GERMAN INTELLIGENCE STATED THAT CANADA WOULD NOT PLAY AN APPRECIABLE ROLENOT PLAY AN APPRECIABLE ROLE

BOTH SIDES WERE RIGHT. WAR WAS TO BE OVER BEFORE BOTH SIDES WERE RIGHT. WAR WAS TO BE OVER BEFORE CHRISTMAS, AND IF THAT HAPPENED WE WOULD NEVER CHRISTMAS, AND IF THAT HAPPENED WE WOULD NEVER HAVE GOT THEREHAVE GOT THERE

BECAUSE WAR DRAGS ON FOR FOUR YEARS, WE PROVE BECAUSE WAR DRAGS ON FOR FOUR YEARS, WE PROVE THEM WRONGTHEM WRONG

BRITAIN “WAR WILL BE OVER BY CHRISTMAS”BRITAIN “WAR WILL BE OVER BY CHRISTMAS”

KAISER WILHELM “YOU WILL BE HOME BEFORE THE LAST KAISER WILHELM “YOU WILL BE HOME BEFORE THE LAST LEAF HAS FALLEN”LEAF HAS FALLEN”

CANADIAN MINISTER OF MILITIA “IF THE WAR IS NOT OVER CANADIAN MINISTER OF MILITIA “IF THE WAR IS NOT OVER BY THE SPRING I WILL TAKE TO THE FIELD MYSELF”BY THE SPRING I WILL TAKE TO THE FIELD MYSELF”

GOOD THING HE NEVER DID, SAM HUGHES WAS INCAPABLE GOOD THING HE NEVER DID, SAM HUGHES WAS INCAPABLE OF LEADING HIMSELF TO A SNACKOF LEADING HIMSELF TO A SNACK

GERMAN GENERAL VON MOLTKE ONLY ONE WHO KNEW GERMAN GENERAL VON MOLTKE ONLY ONE WHO KNEW BETTERBETTER

HE SAID TO THE KAISER IN 1907 THAT “THE WAR WILL BE A HE SAID TO THE KAISER IN 1907 THAT “THE WAR WILL BE A LONG ONE AND WILL BE A WAR BETWEEN NATIONS AND LONG ONE AND WILL BE A WAR BETWEEN NATIONS AND AMONGST PEOPLE. THE VICTOR WILL BE THE ONE WILLING AMONGST PEOPLE. THE VICTOR WILL BE THE ONE WILLING TO SACRIFICE THE MOST FOR THE WAR EFFORT AND TO SACRIFICE THE MOST FOR THE WAR EFFORT AND REFUSE TO GIVE UP. EVEN THE WINNER WILL BE HURT BY REFUSE TO GIVE UP. EVEN THE WINNER WILL BE HURT BY THIS WAR, AND IT WILL BE LONG”. THIS WAR, AND IT WILL BE LONG”.

KAISER WILHELM II OF GERMANY TO LEFT AND MINISTER SAM HUGHESOF CANADA TO THE RIGHT. ONE WAS AN ABSOLUTE MONARCH, THE OTHER JUST ACTED LIKE ONE.

SCHLIEFFEN PLAN (GERMANY)SCHLIEFFEN PLAN (GERMANY)

PLAN R (AUSTRIA-HUNGARY)PLAN R (AUSTRIA-HUNGARY)

PLAN 17 (FRANCE)PLAN 17 (FRANCE)

RUSSIAN PLAN; PLAN A OR PLAN 19RUSSIAN PLAN; PLAN A OR PLAN 19

BRITISH PLAN; UMMMMM STOP BRITISH PLAN; UMMMMM STOP GERMANY???GERMANY???

MAP OF GERMANFRENCH BORDERAND THE WAR PLANS OF FRANCEAND GERMANY.

FRANCE’S PLAN XVII WAS A FARCE,AND THE SCHLIEFFENPLAN WHICH ALMOSTWORKED

AUSTRIAN PLAN RAND RUSSIAN PLAN 19 (PLAN A) BOTH CALLED FOR A SPLITOF THEIR FORCES TO DEAL WITH TWO ENEMIES AT ONCE

GO OVER ON BOARD

SAM HUGHESSAM HUGHES

BORN 1854 IN ONTARIOBORN 1854 IN ONTARIO

STAUNCH CONSERVATIVE AND MPSTAUNCH CONSERVATIVE AND MP

MEMBER OF MILITIA EARLY ON AND ROSE TO RANK OF LT MEMBER OF MILITIA EARLY ON AND ROSE TO RANK OF LT COLONELCOLONEL

HATED LAURIER’S BOER WAR POLICYHATED LAURIER’S BOER WAR POLICY

ORANGE LODGE IMPERIALISTORANGE LODGE IMPERIALIST

DURING BOER WAR WANTS TO GODURING BOER WAR WANTS TO GO

RAISES OWN FORCE TRIES TO TAKE THEMRAISES OWN FORCE TRIES TO TAKE THEM

LAURIER REFUSES, HUTTON REFUSES THINKING HUGHES IS LAURIER REFUSES, HUTTON REFUSES THINKING HUGHES IS CRAZYCRAZY

LETTERS TO PAPERS OF HOW HUTTON ANTI CANADIANLETTERS TO PAPERS OF HOW HUTTON ANTI CANADIAN

EVENTUALLY HUGHES APOLOGIZES AND GETS PERMISSION TO GO EVENTUALLY HUGHES APOLOGIZES AND GETS PERMISSION TO GO TO SOUTH AFRICA AS OBSERVER ONLYTO SOUTH AFRICA AS OBSERVER ONLY

WHEN THERE DONS UNIFORM AND FIGHTS. WRITES LETTERS WHEN THERE DONS UNIFORM AND FIGHTS. WRITES LETTERS BACK HOME CRITICAL OF BRITISHBACK HOME CRITICAL OF BRITISH

SAYS HE DESERVED TWO VCsSAYS HE DESERVED TWO VCs

STORY OF HOW HE AND TWO OTHERS TOOK TOWN AND HELD STORY OF HOW HE AND TWO OTHERS TOOK TOWN AND HELD FROM 250 BOERSFROM 250 BOERS

REMOVED FROM WAR FOR INSUBORDINATIONREMOVED FROM WAR FOR INSUBORDINATION

PAPERS NOW REALIZE HE IS NOT TRUTHFULPAPERS NOW REALIZE HE IS NOT TRUTHFUL

AFTER HOME RETURNS TO POLITICS AND IN 1911 WINS WITH AFTER HOME RETURNS TO POLITICS AND IN 1911 WINS WITH BORDEN. HE IS MADE MINISTER OF MILITIABORDEN. HE IS MADE MINISTER OF MILITIA

HIS ACTIONS HINDER GREATLY OUR WAR EFFORT EARLY ONHIS ACTIONS HINDER GREATLY OUR WAR EFFORT EARLY ON

HUGHES’ MISTAKESHUGHES’ MISTAKES BEFORE WAR ALIENATES FRENCH GREATLYBEFORE WAR ALIENATES FRENCH GREATLY

MAKES ENGLISH LANGUAGE OF MILITARY, BANS FRENCH MAKES ENGLISH LANGUAGE OF MILITARY, BANS FRENCH REGIMENTS FROM PARADING ON FRENCH HOLIDAYS. REGIMENTS FROM PARADING ON FRENCH HOLIDAYS. HURTS RECRUITMENTHURTS RECRUITMENT

WHEN WAR STARTS RAISES NO FRENCH REGIMENTS, AND WHEN WAR STARTS RAISES NO FRENCH REGIMENTS, AND PLACES FRENCH TROOPS INTO ENGLISH REGIMENTSPLACES FRENCH TROOPS INTO ENGLISH REGIMENTS

EXISTING FRENCH REGIMENTS BROKEN UP AND FED EXISTING FRENCH REGIMENTS BROKEN UP AND FED PIECEMEAL INTO ENGLISH UNITSPIECEMEAL INTO ENGLISH UNITS

LT COL PELLETIER SENT WITH SIX OTHERS TO ANTICOSTI LT COL PELLETIER SENT WITH SIX OTHERS TO ANTICOSTI ISLAND DESPITE FACT HE WAS EXPERIENCED COMBAT ISLAND DESPITE FACT HE WAS EXPERIENCED COMBAT OFFICER FROM BOER WAROFFICER FROM BOER WAR

EVENTUALLY 58 FRENCH CDN MPs LOBBY BORDEN TO EVENTUALLY 58 FRENCH CDN MPs LOBBY BORDEN TO RAISE A FRENCH REGIMENT AND THE ROYAL 22IEME RAISE A FRENCH REGIMENT AND THE ROYAL 22IEME REGIMENT DE QUEBEC IS FOUNDED. THE VAN DOOSREGIMENT DE QUEBEC IS FOUNDED. THE VAN DOOS

Les premiers volontaires du 22e Bataillon à Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, en 1914.

ROSS RIFLEROSS RIFLE

1896 FREDERICK BORDEN ORDERS NEW BRITISH RIFLE THE 1896 FREDERICK BORDEN ORDERS NEW BRITISH RIFLE THE LEE ENFIELDLEE ENFIELD

BRITISH SAY NO. WE ASK FOR LICENSE TO MAKE THEM. NOBRITISH SAY NO. WE ASK FOR LICENSE TO MAKE THEM. NO

IN BOER WAR WE ORDER 15,000 BUT AGAIN NOIN BOER WAR WE ORDER 15,000 BUT AGAIN NO

AFTER BOER WAR BEGIN TO LOOK AT BUILDING OUR OWNAFTER BOER WAR BEGIN TO LOOK AT BUILDING OUR OWN

CHARLES ROSS A HUNTER ADOPTS HIS OWN PATENTED CHARLES ROSS A HUNTER ADOPTS HIS OWN PATENTED HUNTING RIFLE FOR THE MILITARYHUNTING RIFLE FOR THE MILITARY

COMPETITION TO COMPARE LEE ENFIELD AND ROSSCOMPETITION TO COMPARE LEE ENFIELD AND ROSS

CHARLES ROSS CAUGHT TAMPERING WITH LEE ENFIELD CHARLES ROSS CAUGHT TAMPERING WITH LEE ENFIELD SIGHT, BUT HUGHES LIKES THE CDN RIFLE SO IT WINSSIGHT, BUT HUGHES LIKES THE CDN RIFLE SO IT WINS

SERIES OF CHANGES MADE TO ROSS BEFORE THE WARSERIES OF CHANGES MADE TO ROSS BEFORE THE WAR

BY WAR 80 CHANGES MADEBY WAR 80 CHANGES MADE

5 FEET LONG, TEN POUNDS, JAMMED WHEN DIRTY OR WET, 5 FEET LONG, TEN POUNDS, JAMMED WHEN DIRTY OR WET, BAYONET FELL OFF WHEN FIRED ETCBAYONET FELL OFF WHEN FIRED ETC

MANY CDNS DIED BECAUSE OF THE ROSS WHEN IT JAMMEDMANY CDNS DIED BECAUSE OF THE ROSS WHEN IT JAMMED

MANY SOLDIERS THREW IT AWAY AND PICKED UP LEE MANY SOLDIERS THREW IT AWAY AND PICKED UP LEE ENFIELDS FROM DEAD TOMMIESENFIELDS FROM DEAD TOMMIES

COMMANDER OF CDN 1COMMANDER OF CDN 1STST DIVISION WAS BRITISH GENERAL DIVISION WAS BRITISH GENERAL ALDERSON. HE EVENTUALLY ORDERS THE ROSS ALDERSON. HE EVENTUALLY ORDERS THE ROSS SCRAPPEDSCRAPPED

THIS GREATLY ANGERS HUGHES WHO WORKS TO HAVE THIS GREATLY ANGERS HUGHES WHO WORKS TO HAVE ALDERSON REPLACED AS COMMANDER OF THE CDN 1ALDERSON REPLACED AS COMMANDER OF THE CDN 1STST DIV DIV

THE ROSS IS EVENTUALLY SCRAPPED BY ALL CDN FORCES THE ROSS IS EVENTUALLY SCRAPPED BY ALL CDN FORCES BUT NOT UNTIL MUCH LATERBUT NOT UNTIL MUCH LATER

MCADAM SPADEMCADAM SPADE EVERY SOLDIER IN WWI HAD ENTRENCHING TOOLEVERY SOLDIER IN WWI HAD ENTRENCHING TOOL

HUGHES WANTED CANADIAN MADE ONEHUGHES WANTED CANADIAN MADE ONE

IDEA FROM ONE OF HIS SECRETARIES SO HER FATHER IDEA FROM ONE OF HIS SECRETARIES SO HER FATHER GETS CONTRACT TO PRODUCE ITGETS CONTRACT TO PRODUCE IT

IT WAS TO BE ENTRENCHING TOOL, AND SHIELD PARAPET IT WAS TO BE ENTRENCHING TOOL, AND SHIELD PARAPET

ORDERED 25,000 AT $1.35ORDERED 25,000 AT $1.35

NEVER REALLY USED, SOLD FOR SCRAP FOR 1400 BUCKSNEVER REALLY USED, SOLD FOR SCRAP FOR 1400 BUCKS

PROBLEMS, YOU COULDN’T SEE AROUND IT, HOLE MADE IT PROBLEMS, YOU COULDN’T SEE AROUND IT, HOLE MADE IT USELESS FOR DIGGING, AND SHATTERED WHEN HITUSELESS FOR DIGGING, AND SHATTERED WHEN HIT

HUGHES SHOWING OFF THE MARVELLOUS MCCADAM SPADE

NOTE THE GENERAL’S UNIFORM, WHICH HE HAD NO RIGHT TO WEAR AS A RETIRED LT COL AND POLITICIAN.

DESTROYING MORALDESTROYING MORAL ORIGINAL PLAN WAS TO SEND OVER MILITIA UNITS. ESPRIT DE ORIGINAL PLAN WAS TO SEND OVER MILITIA UNITS. ESPRIT DE

CORPSCORPS

HUGHES WANTED TO MANIPULATE THE NUMBERS AND HUGHES WANTED TO MANIPULATE THE NUMBERS AND COMPOSITION SO DISBANDED ALL NAMED REGIMENTS AND MADE COMPOSITION SO DISBANDED ALL NAMED REGIMENTS AND MADE NEW NUMBERED ONESNEW NUMBERED ONES

NO SENSE OF HISTORY, NO PRIDE, NOT FIGHTING FOR THE BOYS NO SENSE OF HISTORY, NO PRIDE, NOT FIGHTING FOR THE BOYS YOU KNOWYOU KNOW

THIS KILLS OUR EARLY EFFORTS TO ENLISTTHIS KILLS OUR EARLY EFFORTS TO ENLIST

HUGHES GIVES CONTRACTS TO FRIENDS FOR UNIFORMS, BOOTS, HUGHES GIVES CONTRACTS TO FRIENDS FOR UNIFORMS, BOOTS, GUNS ETC. ALL WERE INFERIOR, MORE EXPENSIVE AND HURT GUNS ETC. ALL WERE INFERIOR, MORE EXPENSIVE AND HURT OUR WAR EFFORT IN THE EARLY STAGESOUR WAR EFFORT IN THE EARLY STAGES

BOOTS (FELL APART) COATS (ABSORBED WATER 55 LBS) SAM BOOTS (FELL APART) COATS (ABSORBED WATER 55 LBS) SAM BROWN HARNESS (SELF TIGHTENS)BROWN HARNESS (SELF TIGHTENS)

HUGHES ALSO ALLOWED WEALTHY CANADIANS HUGHES ALSO ALLOWED WEALTHY CANADIANS TO RAISE THEIR OWN REGIMENTS AND ACTUALLY TO RAISE THEIR OWN REGIMENTS AND ACTUALLY LEAD THEM INTO BATTLELEAD THEM INTO BATTLE

MOST WERE UNWORTHY AND DID MORE DAMAGE MOST WERE UNWORTHY AND DID MORE DAMAGE THAN GOODTHAN GOOD

EXCEPTION IS MAJOR HAMILTON GAULT WHO EXCEPTION IS MAJOR HAMILTON GAULT WHO FOUNDS THE PPCLI AND ACTUALLY DIES WITH FOUNDS THE PPCLI AND ACTUALLY DIES WITH THE UNIT IN FRANCETHE UNIT IN FRANCE

PPCLI STILL AROUND TODAY, AND A VERY PPCLI STILL AROUND TODAY, AND A VERY HONOURED REGIMENTHONOURED REGIMENT

THEY WERE THE FIRST CDNS TO SEE ACTION THEY WERE THE FIRST CDNS TO SEE ACTION WHILE WHILE

HAMILTON GAULT AND THE PPCLI IN CAMP VALCARTIER, QUE

PPCLI COLOURS HAND MADE BY PRINCESS PATRICIA

WHILE ENGLISH CANADA HAD PEOPLE RICH ENOUGH, WHILE ENGLISH CANADA HAD PEOPLE RICH ENOUGH, FRENCH CANADA DIDN’T, SO AGAIN FEWER FRENCH CDN FRENCH CANADA DIDN’T, SO AGAIN FEWER FRENCH CDN REGIMENTSREGIMENTS

EVEN CAMP VALCARTIER PATRONAGE. A FRIEND BOUGHT EVEN CAMP VALCARTIER PATRONAGE. A FRIEND BOUGHT LAND AT MOUTH OF ST LAWRENCE AND CARTIER RIVERS, LAND AT MOUTH OF ST LAWRENCE AND CARTIER RIVERS, THEN SOLD TO ARMYTHEN SOLD TO ARMY

HUGHES TOLD PARLIAMENT CAMP READY, FIRST MEN HUGHES TOLD PARLIAMENT CAMP READY, FIRST MEN THERE ACTUALLY BUILT ITTHERE ACTUALLY BUILT IT

35,000 MEN WITH LITTLE SANITATION, LITTLE SHELTER, AND 35,000 MEN WITH LITTLE SANITATION, LITTLE SHELTER, AND VERY LITTLE TRAININGVERY LITTLE TRAINING

HUGHES RODE AROUND LIKE A CAESAR OF OLDHUGHES RODE AROUND LIKE A CAESAR OF OLD

SWORD DRILL, FORMED SQUARES, PROMOTED ON SPOT IF SWORD DRILL, FORMED SQUARES, PROMOTED ON SPOT IF HE MADE A MISTAKEHE MADE A MISTAKE

HAD PRIVATE RAILWAY CAR ON SITEHAD PRIVATE RAILWAY CAR ON SITE

YET HE DID BUILD THE CAMP WHERE ALL SOLDIERS YET HE DID BUILD THE CAMP WHERE ALL SOLDIERS TRAINEDTRAINED

THE START OF WARTHE START OF WAR BY OCTOBER OF 1914 FIRST DIVISION OF 35,000 MEN ON WAY TO BY OCTOBER OF 1914 FIRST DIVISION OF 35,000 MEN ON WAY TO

EUROPE IN 32 SHIP CONVOY. LARGEST TO EVER CROSS ATLANTIC EUROPE IN 32 SHIP CONVOY. LARGEST TO EVER CROSS ATLANTIC (FOLLOWED BY ANOTHER SHIP WITH REST OF THEIR GEAR. (FOLLOWED BY ANOTHER SHIP WITH REST OF THEIR GEAR.

THIS TOO ORGANIZED BY FRIEND OF HUGHES SO CRAMPED, NOT THIS TOO ORGANIZED BY FRIEND OF HUGHES SO CRAMPED, NOT ENOUGH CARGO SPACE SO ANOTHER SHIP LEFT THREE DAYS ENOUGH CARGO SPACE SO ANOTHER SHIP LEFT THREE DAYS LATERLATER

HORSES SEPARATED FROM MEN, ARTILLERY FROM GUNNERS ETC HORSES SEPARATED FROM MEN, ARTILLERY FROM GUNNERS ETC HUGHES WANTED TO LEAD THE MEN HIMSELF, BUT THANKFULLY HUGHES WANTED TO LEAD THE MEN HIMSELF, BUT THANKFULLY NEVER HAPPENED.NEVER HAPPENED.

KAISER “THEY SHALL GO HOME IN 30 ROW BOATS”KAISER “THEY SHALL GO HOME IN 30 ROW BOATS”

HUGHES GRANDIOSE DEPARTURE SPEECH THEN CONVINCES HUGHES GRANDIOSE DEPARTURE SPEECH THEN CONVINCES BORDEN TO LET HIM GO TO EUROPE TO SEE THEM ARRIVEBORDEN TO LET HIM GO TO EUROPE TO SEE THEM ARRIVE

HE CHARTERS OUT OF NY AND BEATS THEM THERE TO GREET HE CHARTERS OUT OF NY AND BEATS THEM THERE TO GREET THEM ON THEIR ARRIVAL. I’M SURE THEY WERE THRILLED AFTER THEM ON THEIR ARRIVAL. I’M SURE THEY WERE THRILLED AFTER SPENDING 12 DAYS CROSSING AND 9 WAITING TO DISEMBARKSPENDING 12 DAYS CROSSING AND 9 WAITING TO DISEMBARK

IN ENGLANDIN ENGLAND WELCOMED BY KING, AND BRITISH PEOPLE ALIKEWELCOMED BY KING, AND BRITISH PEOPLE ALIKE

MARCH TO SALISBURY PLAIN NEXT TO STONEHENGE MARCH TO SALISBURY PLAIN NEXT TO STONEHENGE

BEGINS TO RAIN ON FIRST NIGHT, AND DOES 89 OF 123 BEGINS TO RAIN ON FIRST NIGHT, AND DOES 89 OF 123 DAYS THEY ARE THEREDAYS THEY ARE THERE

DISEASE AS CAMP NOT READY FOR THEMDISEASE AS CAMP NOT READY FOR THEM

WET, AS CHALK GROUNDWET, AS CHALK GROUND

PERHAPS BLESSING AS PREPARES THEM FOR FIELDS OF PERHAPS BLESSING AS PREPARES THEM FOR FIELDS OF FLANDERSFLANDERS

LORD KITCHENER WANTS TO BREAK THEM UPLORD KITCHENER WANTS TO BREAK THEM UP

HERE HUGHES DESERVES CREDIT, REFUSES ORDERHERE HUGHES DESERVES CREDIT, REFUSES ORDER

IN THE END CANADA HAS FOUR DIVISIONS IN THE END CANADA HAS FOUR DIVISIONS IN THE FIELDIN THE FIELD

OVER 600,000 CDNS ENLIST. THAT’S ONE OVER 600,000 CDNS ENLIST. THAT’S ONE FOR EVERY 13FOR EVERY 13

66,655 DIED OR ONE IN TEN66,655 DIED OR ONE IN TEN

THE STRONGEST CORPS OF THE WARTHE STRONGEST CORPS OF THE WAR

CANADIAN NATIONHOOD BORN ON THE CANADIAN NATIONHOOD BORN ON THE FIELDS OF FRANCE AND BELGIUMFIELDS OF FRANCE AND BELGIUM