ry! (Pg.8)

liThe Voice of the Farm Worker"

In English '. '1" 5'¢Delano, Cali f. Mar. 29, 1967

~ II

"CORRIDO' DEDELANO" A 45 RPM RECORD BY LALO GUERRERO TELLING OF THE DELANO STRIKE

A subscription to EL MALCRIADO, "The Voice of the' Farmworker", is always a bargain. Foronly $2: 50, you receive 26 issues, packed with farmworker news, interesting stories, articlesexposing the growers and the labor contractors, shocking facts about the ·suffering of the farm­workers, and information to help you in your daily work and life. No other paper in the countryso courageously defends the rights of-the farm workers. AS A FARM WORKER, YOU CANNOTAFFORD TO BE WITHOUT THIS PAPER.. As someone who' believes in our cause, and supportsjustice for the farm worker, your subscription will help us in our struggle. And now, as aspecial bonus, we will include with your subscription a free copy of Lalo Guerrero's famousballad, "EI Corrido de Delano". SEND IN YOUR ORDER TODAY!

(Are you already a sub­scriber? Then why notrenew your subscriptionor send in one for afriend?)

SEND TO

EL MALCRIADOBOX 1060

DELANO CALIF.

EL MALCRIADO :.: PAGE 3

EIJ/7'fJRIAL

N am e _A DDR E S S. _citY _ zip code

El MALCRIADOBOX 1060

DELANO CALIF.

. PAGES 20-21

EX(LUS/~E..IPerell i· Mine ttiFinally Speaks

RISE N W !.More and morepeople are fiDding out that a subscrip­tion to EL MALCRIADO is the bestway to keep up wIth the news of thefarm workers struggle. Don't beleft out! Send in this coupon today!

FILL OUT THIS CARD AND SEND IT WITH $2.50TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS FOR A ONE-YEAR

'SUBSCRIPTION TO EL MALCRIADO. SENT TOYOUR HOME EVERY TWO WEEKS FOR ONE YEAR

Help Our Unionto Nevv Victories

We celebrate another great victory for the farm workers ofCalifornia: the winning of an election among the workers of theChristian Brothers ranches at Napa, Calif. This is the firstcontract we will have in the north. The Christian Brothers wfllbe a model on which we will set the pattern for all of agriculturein the Southwest. (See Page 8).

Rejoice with us, and plan for the day when El Malcriado an­nounces Victory in the land where you work, because it is onlya matter of time. The farm workers of Schenley and DiGiorgioand Goldberg -- the three ranches where we have been victoriousalready -- have learned that a union contract is the only way toend injustice and suffering, the only way to get better wages andconditions.

A warning: Anyone who thinks that the farm worker movementis secure and safe because of four victories is utterly wrong.Never have the forces brought against us been stronger. In Cal­ifornia, as in Texas, there are hundreds of greedy and powerfulmen who would jump at the chance to .eat the heart out of thehuelga. Ranchers, contractors, hostile government men, peoplewho can be bought and sold--all these enemies are stronger than·ever.

Without new life continually being fed into the great tree of thehuel ga, it will snap and fall in the coming storm. Your help isneeded. You must do whatever you can to strengthen the greattree which shelters and protects all of us. You must start toplan now for some future victory--wherever you are.

IIE!rnIIOur photoir'apher Mr. Emmon Clarketook pictures of hundreds of people onour recent trip to South Texas. Oneof the most beautiful and compellingwas this photo of Tamar Nelson, thedaughter~6fEugene Nel§on, who livesin Rio Grande City. Tamar, who isnine years old, has lived in both Mexi­co and the United States with her fatherwho is a labor organizer and writer.

10- 1 Her expression in this picture capturesthe curiosity and hope which illumin­ates so many of the children of the huelga.

EI Teatro Comes Throughpage 19

Milestone in Lamontpage 25

This is the 'Texas Strikepage 9

Second crass' postage paid atFresno, California. Fresno Pub­lication Office: 1507 No. PalmEDITORIAL AND BUSINESSOFFICE OF EL MALCRIADO IS130 ALBANY AVENUE. DELANOCALIFORNIA. Single copy price:.15~ ; subscription price: $2.50 ayear. EI Malcriado is publishedbi-weeklyby Farm Worker Press'Inc., P.O. Box 1060, Delano,California. This issue is #57,mailed 3-18-67

~.

"EllVIalcriado, " the Voice ofthe Farm Worker, is an inde­pendent publication, and is not .the "official newspaper" of anyperson or group. The editorsare solely responsible for ailstatements and views exPressedhere.

Entire Contents Copyright 1967by Farm Worker Press, Inc.

Christian Brothers Relentspage 8

Remember Our Marchpage 7

Canlenls

PHOTO CREDITS:Emmon Clarke: pps. 9, 10, 11,12, 13, 14(top}Jon Lewis: pps. 8, 19George Ballis: pps. 6, 7, 18Ernest Lowe: p. 24The Texas Observer: p. 14 (bot­

tom)United Auto Workers: p. 22

PAGE 4~ EL MALCRIADO

VICTIM OF ~ POVERTY WAR'Dear Sir:I am writing this to you in the hopethat you will publish it in yourpaper as soon as possible . I wishto prevent the poor people frombelieving the lies and promisesthat groups such as "The Futureof Lindsay", or the "Future ofPorterville" offer.

These groups try to pretend thatthEy are helping the poor . Butwhen the poor man has a problem,when he most needs the help andcooperation of these groups, theyjust ignore him, forgetting alltheir promises.

On the 6th of March, in the Exe­ter Court in California I witness­ed an unbelievable incident. A man.sick tired, 'dragging his poverty .with ~!m, not knowing English,

with a withered and desperate facewas waiting for one of the repre­sentatives from "The Future ofPorterville", that was to translate

, for him at a trial, in order thathe should not be caught in thestranglehold of justice.

You can imagine his des'espera­tion when no one showed up from"The Future of Porterville 'horany other "Future... " for thatmatte;,"" and the judge began toread the sentence without any ,con­sideration of the circumstances.

That man was so weak that hefell to the floor having fainted.Now I know that those groups arefunctioning with people whosesole purpose it is to protect theirpwn jobs aD<~ wages, to forgettheir pf..omises and to ignore their

responSibilities. That poor man isnow sick and in the prison cell,without the slightest chance offighting for his freedom. And I'vebeen told he has seven children.

I am going to try and get thispublished in every newspaperclose to this town so that every­one realizBs the serious irrespon­sibility of these groups that areenemies of the poor, and thatreally have their origin in the"War Against Poverty", peoplewho are only interested in defen­ding themselves and protectingtlteir jobs from getting into thehands of others.

So I ask you to publish this assoon as is possible ,

Yours sincerely,JOSE JIMENE ZVisalia. Calif.

AND SOMETHING'. THE PEOPLE'S PAGEcouple of summers, plus workinga couple of times in fruit sheds.

I am a poet and have written abook of 14 poems out of yourbook, BASTA! BASTA! is a ••fine and moving book. I hope toget my book of poems publishedwit hin the next three months.

.,Any money that may come in f

want to do something to help verymuch. Please let me!! I'm withyou all the way!

Your fo1l9wer and friend,MIKE ROMANYSHYN

Orono, Maine

EL MAi;CRIADO says:We were very happy to. read yourletter and hear of your enthusiasm.We are sending you the newspaperswith all the instructions that you ~

will need and you will be able to'make 7~ for each paper that yousell.

TO P~y POSTAGE

Dear Brothers:Enclosed please find money

for one subscription. Pleasekeep the extra 50 cents to helpon postage.

My sympathy goes out to you.I am not a farm worker as youare, but have picked pears a

-f"m Only 10, ButDear Sir:

In one of your last issues you'had an ad for boys and girls 12-13 and older to sell subscriptionsfor El Malcriado. I am only to,but I would very much like to helpIf you would let me sell sub­S'criptions to El Malcriado, Iwould do it for free. I have beelfollowing the strike for a longtime and I am very much interested in it.

If I can't sell subscriptions,maybe I can do something else. J

, Want to Help'

from it after expenses are madeback, I will send one-half to youpeople.

Good fortune go with your godgood labors, God prosper, andkeep your spirits high.

DOUG PALMERBerkeley, Cal.

TELL IT TOTHE. TIMES

Dear FWP:Please renew my subscription

for another year--even though Iconsider your coverige lousy andyour political education criminallybourgeous. That letter I wrotelast month was a list of facts--whydidn't you print it?

RICHARD BOYDENBerkeley, Calif.

EL MALCRIADO SAYS: Becausewe didn't want to disappoint you.

A tlW REPORTER

FOR EL MALCRIADO

EL MALCRIADO l1\IIIl[ PAGE 5

THE PEDPLE/S PAGE

You Can Join Us Now!

Poisoned

Delano All Wet?

(Copy to

EI Mal criado)

Dear Sir:My only interest is to help the

farm worker and if I may be ofany help by reporting from myarea, I would be very glad to doso .• I can't think of much thatever happens here in the Fire­baugh-Mendota area, but informme if I'm acceptable and for howlong a term.

My occupation is truck driver.. JOHN TRUJILLO

Mendota, Calif.

CALLAGY'S ADVICE:

DON'T TAKE ADVICEWorkers:

One more share for Callagyin your profitable enterprise.M'y advice is that you needn't

: solicit advice of your readersand well-wishers. The maga­ztne has done well enough w.ith­out it. My hope for your cause,as for all the others, is that youwill not become locked into theadversary role. Enemies maybe unavoidable, but they shouldnot become your focal point. Di­Giorgio is only a man, like therest of us, and may suffer fromcorns on his feet and heartburn'after lunch just as we do.

BOB CALLAGYBolinas, Calif.

SALINAS READERS

HELP MALCRIADO

Gentlemen:I am sorry that I didn't send

this sooner, but my husband andI wanted to help your wonderfulpaper even if it's just one share.

I am also enclosing the $2. 50for the renewal of the paper. Wewill help by selling subscriptionsso that more people will readEl Malcriado.

Que Viva la Causa,SALLY 'V. GUTIERREZSalinas, Calif.

Gentlemen del Malcriado:Even though I live in Wilmington,miles from Delano, I have follo­wed your struggle from the begi­nning and I am still with you. I \wish to renew my subscription,and I would also like to know if Icould join the Union and becomea member of the U. F. W. O. C.Should some day I wish to workup there I am already a member,if I should visit Delano, I can sayI am a brother member. I willkeep paying my dues from hereand stay a member of the FarmWorkers, if I am allowed to join.I will feel more one of you. Iwould also like to become a mem­ber of the Credit Union. I willawait your answer.

. Sincerely yours,FRANK B. MUNOZWilmington, Calif.

IsLouis ShepardCity ManagerDelanoDear Sir:

We just received word thatDelano residents have been warn­ed about city water being unsafefor consumption by children.

This is astonishing. The powerful ranchers' use of chemicals isnow seen as a threat to the verylife of your community. Thegreat, beneficent agricultural in­terests, the economy builcersand belly-fillers, the respectedand paternal friends of the cityand county and its courts--thesevery people now threaten your

'EL MALCRIADO says:Dozens of people write every dayto the various organizations thatare united under the Thunderbirdemblem, asking how they can jointhe Union?, what does. it cost?,what are the benefits? The duesof $3: 50 a month for everyoneunder 50 years of age and coverdozens of things, including a va­luable life insurance policy of$1500, rights to use the FarmWorkers Service Center, job rightsuse of Credit Union, a vote in theUnion's voice in SacramBIlto andWashington, and the force of aunited front by, and for farmwor­kers. For further inMrmationwrite Cesar Chavez,: Delano,

: California.J· and someday'you will work under a Unioncontract like the workers of Shen-

.1£y and Di Giorgio Corp. Join usnow!

Water:

very exis tence. Inexcus able.Contamination of water is a

primitive example of the uncheck­ed activities of the ranchers: Andthe city's response in suggestingthat r-esidents;-even the poorest--~ bottled water is a primitiveexample of the city's helpless andirresponsible con dition.

Will there be no end to theugliness of Delano? Will therenot be even a tiny effort to pro­tect and enhance the lives of~your citizens? The way thingsare going you cannot be but victimsof yourselves.

WILLIAM NOELBerkeley, Calif.

PAGE 6:': EL MALCRIADO

KASAYSAYANNG KATAPANGAN

Para sa mahigit na 30,000 Pilipinong naghahanap­buhay sa malawak na mga taniman sa California,and makitid na landas patungo sa pagkakaisa ng mganagtatrabahong-bukid ay mahaba at matinik.

Ngunit and panahon at hirap ay hindi bago sa mgamapagbigay ngunit matatapang na pilipino, kara­mihan sa kanila ay napadpad sa lupaing ito noon pangkanilang kabataan. Dinanas nila and haplit ngkalupitan ng mga sakim na mga may-aring-lupa, atang hapdi ng mga hindi makatwirang mga batas.

Kagaya ng bantog na si Dr. Jose Rizal, na nama­tay sa pagtatangol sa kalayaan rig kanyang bayan,and isang tiga-panimula ng pagkakaisa ng mga nag­panimula ng mga aklasan sa ibat-ibang lugar. Lar­ry Itliong, pangalawan g director ng UFWOC, aynakakaalala sa kanyang unang pag-aklas.

Nangyari ito sa Monroe, Wash., noong 1930,noong nagbangon mula sa pagkakahimbing and mganagbubukid at mga.nagtatrabaho sa mgs "shed."Bagamat si Larry ay hindi nagkakahig sa ganitonghanap-buhay (siya ang pangalawang "timekeeper"dahil sa and puting naghahawak sa nasabing kala­gayan ay hindi maunong bumigkas at sumulat ngmga pangalang pilipino) siya ay tumulong sa nag­tatrabaho sa mga "shed, " at naiwanang tatanga­tanga and mga kawawang naghi hi-rap sa mg a

bukirin.Mula roon ay nagpalipat-lipat siya sa mga bayan-

bayan, nag-hahanap-buhay ng kaunti rito at kauntiroon, si Larry ay maraming nakadaupang-paladna mga Pilipino, at ang mga .ito and nakatulongsa kanya ngayon sa kanyang pagiging organisador.SumaiJi siya sa AWOC noong 1960 at naging pan­galawang director ng nags aping AWOC-NFWA, nanakikilala ngayon sa pamagat na United Farm Wor­kers Organizing Committee.

Kagaya ng ka ramiharg pilipino rito, si Larryay galing sa ating mga isla. Karamihan sa mgapilipino ay nagmula sa mga maliliit na mga nayonsa.Pilillinas. Bagamat marami and tumigiLsa mga lunsod, halos kalahati and pumadpad sakabukiran.

Ang mga batas ng emigrasyon rito ay siyangpumigil sa pagdayo rito ng mga babaing Pilipina,kaya and karamihan ay hindi nakatamasa sa pagi­ging buhay-mayasawa. Ang papangkaramihangPilipino ay nasa gulang na 55.

Dahilan sa ang karamihan ng mga Pilipino ayhindi nakapag-asawa sila ay nagkaroon ng malakasna hilig sa pagsasamahan at pagkakaisa, kaya't angtinig ng Union ay hindi bago at sa gayon ay pang­ka'l;aniwan sa kanilang pandinig. Ngayon, sila andisa'.sa mga pinakamabuting alagad ng pagkakaisa ngmga nagtatrabaho.

Bagamat ang mga batas na mapang-uri sa kulayng balat ay nabago rin sa tinagal-tagal ng panahon,sa matatandang pinoy , ito ay huli na. Ang iba pang,mga ibat-ibang ugali na hindi nila kinamihasnan.

Ang mga Pilipino ay palaging nasa unahan ngpagka-Union mula pa noong mga unang araw. Hindilang sa sila and nagpasimula sa itong di-pangkara­niwang aklasan dito sa Delano, sils ay pinangingil­agang dati ng mga nagmamay-aring-lupa sa matagalnang panahon. Noong 1923 ay sinimulan ng mgahacenderong manguha rito ng mga libu-libong tra­bahador na Pilipino, ngunit sa maigsing panahon aynatagpuan nilang and mga matitipunong itong mgagaling sa malayong isla ay hindi maaaring mai­gapus sa makahayop na pakikitungo.

"Ang mga Pilipino, " ,sabi ng isang ranchero, "aysiyang pinakapanganib na tao na nanggaling na samga lupaing asyatiko na nakadapo na sa lupaingito. "

Ang pangingilag na ito ay naging katotohanan nangpangunahan ng mga Pilipino an d aklasan sa sa .asparagus noong 1934, and pagbabangon sa DiGior­gio noong 1951, and AWOC, na sumilang noong 1959.

At ang mga Pilipino ay patuloy na nakikipag­~agasan ng talim para sa pakikipagpantayan ng ,lahatng tao, ano mang uri, kulay ng balat, at hugis ngilong.

The above story is a review of the valiantaccompli shments of our Filipino brothersin the union. It is published in Tagalog ,but will be reprinted in English in the nextedition of El Malcriado.

EL MALCRIADO l\IIIIlDII PAGE 7

Remember the March

DELANO--The spirit of the strike infects the young, as wellas their parents.

From lO-year-old Allison Cook of the Bay Area comes thiscomposition, which needs nothing more to explain it:

Shall lead Them'

employees to achieve humandignity and a just wageand weshall continue to do so. Wenow ask your support, Pleasehelp by shopping only at unionstores, " the local said.

Union stores in town areFood Banks, Safeway, Thrift­imart and Thrifty Drug.

Food Center Market is lo­cated on the westside and hada large farm worker trade un­til Local 137 put out pickets. _.

""It was wonderful.

fOOD CLfRKS STRIKEHERE, ASK OUR HELP

"And the strikers take only what they need, for they get itfree from the store. Instead of being greedy and taking allthey can get they know that the group must live as a wholeto gain their good, a chance for a decent life. "

"When it seems all is lost and people have forgotten whathumanity is, you think the world is about to explode beforeyou. You notice that somewhere in someone something'ssaying help them bef ore it's too late! It's almost beautifulto see the boxes being handed down the line from one personto the' next. I,finally added to one big pile. You realizethese hands are all working together to keep the hundreds of~triking familie s alive.

"After hearing a speech from the leader of the strike, CesarChavez, we all drove to the general store to unload the thingswe had brought.

"We drove to Delano the other day where the farm workersare striking because they get paid low wages. We went in acaravan and the car,avan was taking food and clothes to thejobless strikers.

~And A little Child

DELANO--Striking retailplerks have appealed to farmworkers to help them beat Food'Center Market here.

Retail Clerks Local 137 struck'the market because it does nothave a union contract and re­fuses to negotiate for one ashave the other major marketsin Delano.

"The Retail <;:lerks 'Union hasalways supported the struggleof the farm workers and other

DELANO--The great ]narch upthe San Joaquin Valley to Sacra­mento is a year-old memory thismonth--but the memory is farfrom faded.

To look back to our long trek,and forward to our bright future,the grape strikers are invitingall their many friends to be withthem in Delano on Holy Saturdayand Easter Sunday, Mar. 25-26,for a commemoration marchfrom Filipino Hall to the site ofthe proposed service center.

Especially invited are the hun­dreds of far,m workers who fedand sheltered us in the townsalong the long road to Sacramen­to, where strike~s gathered forfreedom at the state capitol.

Food caravans will arrive inDelano Saturday, Mar. 25 to re­plenish low stocks at the strikestore, which supports more than300 huelgistas, whose entire ex­istence is dependent upon thegenerous help of their friendsoutside Delano.

The store especially needs su­gar, coffee, soap and cannedmeat.

Planned for those attending thecommemoration march are lunchand dinner at Filipino Hall Sat­urday, performances by E 1 Tea­,tro Campesino and'the Children'sRecorder Group, dancing, sing­ing and a showing of Huelga, acolor motion picture on the strike.

Easter Sunrise Services willbe held at 6:30 a. m. Sunday,Mar. 26, followed by breakfastat Filipino Hall.

Cesar Chavez, United FarmWorkers director, will welcomethe'visitors at Filipino Hall Sat­urday morning after registratio~

at union headquarters, 102 AlbanYSt.. Delano, at 10 a. m. Saturday.

PAGE 8:': EL MALCRIADO

Christian Bros. Relents

Union and company officials agreed that:

UNION, COMPANY AGREE

5 - -Any wage increase or othe r benefits ne­gotiated in Napa County shall be grante(l tpReedley-Alta Vista employees I:'etroactivelyif the union wins the representation electionthere. -

4--1£ the union is certified as bargaining ag­ent at Napa, there will be one contract ne­gotiated and when the union is certified atReedley and Alta Vista, the contract will beamended to cover all locations "with appro­priate differentials to reflect conditions be­tween the two locations. "

3 - - The existing election agreement cove ringworkers at Reedley and Alta Vista Farmswill govern that election, but all employeeswill be hire<i by Mont La Salle Vineyards di­rectly.

ANNOUNCEDPLAN

NAPA, Calif. --Mark up another victory forthe United Farm Workers, this time at the far­flung Christian Brothers wineries.

After a false start, the company and union an­nounced last week that elections will be held"at the earliest possible date when a represen­tative number of employees may vote. "

ON FORMULA; CONTRACT

This ended what might have become a majorbattle between UFWOC and Christian Brothers.The winery, operated by Mont La Salle Vine­yards of the Catholic Church, originally hadagreed to recognize the union, but UFWOC wasforced to call off a scheduled election becauseof company intimidation of workers. The newagreement, however, promises a smooth roadto union representation.

". . . the partie s de sire to proceed- with theelections in good faith under the circumstancesas they now exist, " a joint union-companyelection agreements supplement said.

l--A card-check election will be -held at theearliest possible dat e for employees in NapaCounty based on the Feb. 1-8 payroll period.The election will be conducted by the Califor­nia State Conciliation Service.

The parties also agreed that if they reach animpasse in either electi on procedures ornegotiations, th~y will submit the matter toa mutually agreeable third party.

2--There shall be a secret ballot electioncovering employees at Reedley and Alta Vis­ta Farms "at the earliest possible date. "

The situation was complicated by an attemp­ted Teamster raid on the bargaining unit whenLocal 936 tried to organize in Napa County.But the workers voted to toss the Teamsters

. out.

EL MALCRIADO llIIIIIm PAGE 9

"There's one way to win a strike in Texas", said the 'retired army.man. "Youcut off communication. And if you can stop the trains, the trucks and the ships,you will win".

A week later, in October of last year, a trainload of scab melons, ripe and ready.for the market, stood at the end of the track in Rio Grande City. Two miles belowthe town is an arroyo. The railroad crosses this gulch on a wooden trestl'e.There is ·no way for a train to get out of. Rio Grande City except over this bridge.

Early one morning a wisp of smoke appeared ·over the top of the bridge, and thenflames. Within minutes the bridge was ablaze. And the train full of melons atthe end of the track was stranded in the tropical heat of a ·south Texas sun.

But the melons were shipped out by truck and the bridge was repair.ed. Damagewas so extensive that it took six days to fix it. An investigation was made, butthere were no arrests. La Casita Farms continued to ship its melons, usingscab labor from Mexico, and the strikers continued their long struggle into thewinter.

The lesson of violence through history has been long and costly. For fifty yearsfarm worker strikes have failed. They have failed quickly and with great violence.It has always been the farm workers who have paid the awful price, not the grow­ers and not the authorities.

But then, in 1965, something neW happened in Delano, California. There was anew kind of strike. A year later Dolores Huerta said about it, "To be non-violent,you have to decide ahead of time. If most of us had not decided to be non-vlo1ent,we certainly would have lost the whole strike. "

The new kind of strike was successful. By the end of the 1967 summer season,

EL MALCRIAOO Jar PAGE 11

The Strikers Are Unbeatable

there will be literally thousands of farm workers under strong union contractswith wages of at least $1. 75 an hour and many other benefits .

. The strike was successful. It was successful because it was non-violent, becausethe strikers were unbeatable, and because of the boycott. Against these things,the growers were powerless, no matter how many grapes they could pick with im­ported scab labor.

And the same happened in Texas. Six months after the bridge-Qurning there wasa statewide network of pickets covering every market that dared to sell the scab

lettuce, celeryand melons of LaCasita Farms.

Every week thetrain going fromLa Casita Farmsis a little short­er, because theycan't find buyersfor the scab pro­ducts. When themillionaire own­ers of the ranchbegin to see this,they will start totake seriously thethunderbird em­blem of the UnitedFarm Workers.

This is a strikerat Rio GrandeCity, Texas. Thebag of groceriesis all that thestrike can affordfor his family ofsix. The grocer­ies are given onlyonce a week.

Without wages,he is only a littleworse off than ifhe were scabbing.After the huelga,he -together withall the farm wor­ke r s --will be ableto live like men.But he, by him­self, is alreadyliving like a man.

(Photos:UAW

Solidarity)

In the kitch­en of thestrike, VidalLopez takeshis coffee.

Tony Oren-dain, leader Iof the strike Iin Rio tGrande City. ,Throughout ITexas he is ............called, "the tman in the I, \black hat. " I

~•~•••••

Page 12 ImIIIl EL MALCRIADO

Ike Amadorholds thebanner ofthe strikein front ofthe packingshed of LaCasitaFarms

Above: THE BORDER CROSSING AT ROMA, TEXAS

RANDALL NYE, THE EVIL BOSS OF STARR COUNTY~

EL MALCRIADO JmIII[ PAGE 13

Raul Pena to poor Doctor Rodri­quez, whom Nye has been fever­ishly trying to train as a judge.The doctor, who has not heard acase in more than two years, ispitifully incompetent.' He haslittle chance for eXJ:!erience. InStarr County, where arI'estedstrikers declared their innocence,police didn't even know how to .'book the prisoners.

Why? Because when people 'arelocked up in Starr County, the le­gal process does not apply. Theonly way to get out is with a $10bill--or more--passed under thetable.

The union's fiery lawyer, ChrisDixie, has taken on these ruthless,empty-headed "lawmen." Oppos-

somebody else's territory. The"somebody else" may be a sher­iff or other county official. Ifyou offer him competition in hisown racket, then you are caughtsmuggling.

In this network of power andgreed the s~rs are caught.When they are arrested for a"crimefT calling for a maximumfine of $500, Randall Nye setsbail at $1000. Thus, the publicservants of the county are serv­ing as union-busters.

Nye, officially "county attorney"is supreme leader of the so-cal­led New Party faction of the Demo­crats. The New Party came topower 20 years ago. Electionssince then have been character­ized by ballot box stuffing, riggedvoting, bribes and payoffs. Asrecently as 1962, there was a gunbattle over a ballot box in thetown of Garceno, nine miles fromRio Grande City. The democra­tic process is a mockery in SouthTexas.

Supporting Nye at his huge deskin his office on top of the hill inRio Grande City are a band offollowers who range from Sheriff

RIO GRANDE CITY, Tex.-­When strikers start to affectthe produCtion of lettuce at LaCasita Farms, there is one manresponsible for stopping them.His name is Randall Nye.

From Nye's desk in the StarrCounty courthouse here run athousand invisible strings. Thestrings operate a rigid, complexsystem of control over people'slives.

To understand South Texaspolitics, it is ·necessary to knowthat every money-making activ­ity, legal or illegal, is corneredand controlled by those in power.Smuggling is a good example.

Smuggled south across the RioGrande are liquor, cars andcattle. Smuggled north into theUnited States are narcotics,cattle--and people. And because.of the way South Texas politicsworks, the only way to getcaught smuggling is to cut into

AThousand StringsChoke theFarm Worker

PAGE 14 Jl1II[[ EL MALCRIADO

Is this the United States? Itlooks more like some lost andforgotten colony. From thecrumbling walls of the town'sRinggold Hotel to the last rottingshack on the farthest bacl$: street,the town shows its evil face in ahundred ways.

The only sanctuary for the visit­or is the Catfish Inn, owned byJaybird Power, in an ancientbuilding at the center of town onMain Street--a Main Street withold-fashioned raised sidewalkslike something out of the last cen-,tury.

Wages and labor relationshere come out of the last cent­ury, too. Instead of negotiatingwith the strikers, La CasitaFarms has been recruitingscabs, The campaign endedwhen the strikers blocked theInternational Bridge at nearbyRoma. Now the ranch is havingtrouble selling its lettuce, be­c'ause the name La Casita is be­ing identified with low wages,misery and greed.

Randall Nye's cpnnectionswith La Casita are an open se­cret. He is not only the countypolitical boss, he is La Casita's'lawyer. His fortunes will riseor fall with La Casita's.

Thus, the town is rotten thr­ough and through. Only oneforce can clean it up: the farmworkers who have learned towork together. And unless Ran­dall Nye and /lis crew can starvethem out, the strikers will dojust that.

SOUTH TEXASIS A VASTEMPffiE UNDERTHE FEET OFA FEWPOWERFULMEN.

THIS IS RANDALL NYE,WHOSE KINGDOM IS ATTHE VERY BOTTOM OFTHE UNITED STATES.

TWO OF THE BRAVE STRIKERS WHO ARE VICTIMS OFTHE RUTHLESS OPPRESSION OF NYE AND HIS COHORTS

a new bridge, an internationalbridge that is run for private pro,fit by one oCStarr's politicians,into a dirty and ugly town withunpaved streets--Rio GrandeCity.

(Continued from page 13)

AThousand Strings...

ing him has been the union-bust­ing lawyer Scott Toothaker. Thecourthouse has echoed with Dixie'sfearless voice shaking the raft­ters: "MR. TOOTHAKER, DOYOU HAVE NO KNOWLEDGEOF OR RESPECT FOR THE ,LAW OF THE UNITED STATES?"

But it will take more than acrusading lawyer to clean outthis rat's nest in South Texas.The invisible lines of power donot stop wi th Nye. They go asfar as the hated baron of JimHogg County to the north, ex-Gov.Alan Shivers. They go as far asAustin, where Gov. John Connal­ly rules Texas with an iron hand.

With all of this in mind, thevisitor crosses from a clean andorderly Republic of Mexico over

EL MALCRIADO Jar PAGE 15

UAW Western RegionPledges New Support

Opens Station

FRESNO--Even stronger unioncooperation with farm workerswas pledged by the United AutoWorkers Western Region at itsannual conference here this mo­nth. Paul Schrade, UAW region'al director, presided.

The UAW unanimoUsly passeda resolution calling for increasedsupport for the United FarmWorkers, not only from Westernlocals, but from the AFL-CIO.

Cesar Chavez, UFW director,told delegates he has alwaysseen a "sense of obligation" tohelp the farm workers on thepart of UAW locals.

"You know and understand theurgency that we are confrontedwith," he told the conference."It is with people like you at ourside that we are able to win. Thelength and width of this valley iscontrolled by one octopus--thegrowers and politicians or', ifyou want to call it that, the Es­tablishment. When a poorstriker faces a judge, the rep­resentative of this corrupt es­tablishment, he needs the aid ofpeople like yourselves to helphim be strong. "

Roy Reuther, assistant to UAWInternational President WalterReuther, reminded delegates ofpast auto worker struggles andthe role agricultural workersplayed in helping feed UAWstrikers in the 1930's. He calledon the conference to return thefavor now.

"In the early days, when ourunion was struggling to be born, "Reuther recalled, "we could nothave won without the support ofthe agricultural workers, theAmalgamated Clothing Workers,the International Ladies GarmentWorkers and many other unions.

"The moment in history hascome--our cry is, 'Let us givea hand. . . we want (the farm

workers) not only to win in Del­ano, in California, but across·the country. "

The resolution pointed out that"farm workers have a footholdin Delano, but without massive,long-term support, farm workersthroughout America will havelost again. There is great needfor continued victories in Del­ano, but what is needed most isa national effort and a nationalunion of, by and for farm workers. . . Farm workers must maketheir struggle agains't the greatpolitical power of the growersand the banks, oil and railroadcompanies that exploit the land,the water and the people, and aresubsidized by tax dollars andslave wages. . ."

Ju~n Flores,m~nl'lger ofunion's co­op Texl'lcog~.s stll.tion,cle~ns c~r.

UnionDELANO--Nobody can ac­

cuse the strike of running outof gas because Farm WorkersCo-op this month opened aservice station for union mem­bers at 1221 Cecil Ave.

Juan Flores is in charge.The non-profit station sells

gas, oil, tires and other itemsless expensively than the com­petition. A mechanic also ison duty.

Proposed in the resolutionwere these points:

l--UAW Region 6 and its lo­cals should continue to supportthe farm worker organizing ef­forts, strikes and boycotts an dthe need for a national farm wor­ker union.

2--The regional UAW and itslocals should continue financialsupport and make regular month­ly contri butions to UFWOC forstrike assistance and organiz­ing.

3--Region 6 locals shouldcontinue to make donations tothe National Farm Workers Ser­vice Center in Delano and inparticular to the Auto Repairand Service Center.

Flores reported to the unionmeeting here that regular isselling for 30.9 cents per gal­lon to union members and31. 9 cents to the public.

Two sets of regular pumpsare maintained--one for theunion, the other for the pub­lic. Only one ethyl pump isin operation and it sells pre­mium-grade gas at 35.9 cents'per gallon to the public.

The entire Valenzuela fam­ily from Delano has pledg­ed their ald, travelled to

Phoenix and, is picketingEI Rancho markets there,which are owned by May­fair.

re

Ten pickets travel from Delano to Bakers­field each day where they are joined by

Bakersfield supporters in pickettingthe Mayfair at Brundage Lane an

H St. The group is led by De ­lano organizer Alicia Tapia.

The Mayf~ir Market at Kings Canyon Blvd. &Clovis Avenue is the target of the United

Farm Workers I Fresno County StrikeCommittee. The managers here

failed to understand the impor­tance of stopping Perelli-Min­

etti's Tribuno Vermouth andEleven Cellars from

reaching the public.

A representative group of 6 strikers from Delanotravelled to Indio last week to begin action againStnon-cooperating stores in the desert cities. Indio'sMayfair on old Highway 111 was the first target be­cause of their refusal to take the scab wine off theirshelve~. The customer of this store who is sympa-thetic to the strike and to the farm workers, is beinlll'....-- ...turned away at the door by his own conscience.

...-~

crame t

'v1AYFAIR MARKETS IN A DOZEN CALIFORNIA CITIES ARE UNDER FIRE BE­CAUSE OF THEIR REFUSAL TO TAKE PERELLI-MINETTI PRODUCTS OFFTHEIR SHELVES. SOME ARE IGNORANT OF THE MEANING OF THE STRIKE,OTHERS ARE OPENLY HOSTILE. SO IN ADDITION TO THE JOB OF DOUBLE­CHECKING ON A TOTAL'OF 1250 STORES THAT HAVE AGREED TO COOPER­ATE, THE DELANO STRIKERS AND THEIR FRIENDS HAVE BEEN FORCEDINTO A BATTLE AGAINST THIS FOOD GIANT.

THUS, STRIKERS ARE AGAIN SPREAD OUT IN A THOUSAND MILE NETWORKMUCH LIKE THE ONE WHICH STOPPED SCHENLEY A YEAR AGO. THEIRFRIENDS IN THE CITIES ONCE AGAN HAVE THE TREMENDOUS BURDEN OFFEEDING AND HOUSING THEM. BUT THE END RESULT WILL BRING MIN­ETTI TO HIS KNEES, AND OBTAIN JUSTICE FOR HUNDREDS OF FARM WORK­ERS WHO HARVEST HIS GRAPES.

One large Mayfair market in this city foundthemselves surrounded by a picket line whenthey re{used to cooperate with the strike.

This line, led by Marcos Munoz of Delano,has had great success in stopping busi­

ness at this market.

YP OD CIS

PEASE 0 'T BUYPERELL -MI

Here there are twemy­five strikers working fulltime under John Schroyer­the huelguista who was beaten,two weeks ago by Teamsters.Their job is to police the 500Bay area stores that have al­ready remove'd P-M products fromtheir shelves. Also, helped by volun­teers, the Delano strikers are picketingtwo Mayfair Markets that have refused tocooperate. Both are in negro neighborhoods--one in San Francisco and one in Oakland.

\

I

xna d· t r ~~--Losses of thousands of dollars a day have resulted from \~~~~~;;~~~~~~~~:'::~~~J~Mayfair's lack of cooperation. 90% of the stores approachedby the strikers were very cooperative, but two Mayfair stores_in the Oxnard area and one in the city of Ventura were not among".....,them. Five Delano farm workers and Kathy Lynch, Delano officemanager, are leading the fight in the coast counties.

Delano picKet leaders Robert Bustos and Pete Cardenas each have a teamof Delano pickets which are attacking the problem of scab products sold atMayfair stores, mostly in the East Los Angeles area. L.A. boycott leader,Ed Frankel has the huge task of coordinating the more than 600 stores that haveagreed to remove all P-M bottles from their shelves. To police these stores tomake sure they keep their word is a full time job for several huelguistas and their.....~~supporters who live in L. A .

"..----~-.~

The Federal Avenue Mayfair in this city has been very uncooperative, and musttherefore pay the price. The price is very high, since Tony Mendez and thefour farm workers he brought with him have done an effective job of mobilizingthe whole city against Mayfair. ,

PAGE 18 :.: EL MALCRIADO

Another Strike in TexasLUBBOCK, Tex. --There's

more than one Mexican-Amer­ican strike in Texas.

In addition to UFWOC' s bat­tle to bring decency to SouthTexas, one of our strongestunion supporters is fighting forthe same goals in this dustycity on the South plains.

Local 1206 of the United Packinghouse Workers is in itsfifth month on strike againstthe giant Farmers Co-op com­press. The co-op is said tobe the largest cotton compressin the world and has about 90

warehouses. ,Ninety-seven percent of the stored cotton is re­ported to be owned by the gov­ernment.

"The small white buildingthat is strike headquarters isacross the street from the bigfarmer-owned compres. . .The respective facilities re­mind you of Jack and the bean­stalk, " reported Bill Cox ofthe West Texas Register, we­ekly newspaper of the AmarilloCatholic Diocese.

No contract has resulted sofar from 14 n~gotiation sessions

The company has hired about500 Negro scabs to replacestriking Mexican-Americans,thereby trying to divide the ra­ces to_conquer the workers.

The union charges the co-ophas:

l--Failed to pay Mexican-Americans and Negroes the samerate as Anglos for the samejobs;

2--Failed to promote Negroesand Mexican-Americans;

3--Promoted less-qualified

CONTINUED ON PAGE 30

EL TEATRO

COMES ACROSS,

fIRES UP

CHICO STATE

By TOM DA VISSON(Special to EI Malcrilldo)

CHICO, Calif. --When the Te­atro Campesino arrived here,tired and hungry from its longdrive from San Francisco, theylearned that. all vital arr ange­ments had not been made.

Although the Teatro was toperform in less than an hour atChico State College, the commun­ity was unaware of its presenceand purpose because the localnewspaper, radio and televisionstations refused to carry storiesdespite the fact that photos andnews releases were distributedfar in advance of the perform­ance.

Because the college itself wasso disorganized, there were nostudents making arrangementsor serving on committees tospread the word about the Tea-

j;ro and La Huelga. When theTeatro arrived here, only ignor­a~ce and hostility--apathy atbest--greeted it.

But the power of the Teatro'sperformances turned silence in­to support and also brought in$£0 for the strike.

Less than a week after the per­formances, more than 20 stud­ents committed themselves toorganizing food and· money drivesfor Delano, in addition to dis­tributing boycott leaflets, sellingHuelga buttons and numerousother activities.

But the students didn't stopthere. Highway 99E, longest.

EL MALCRIADO ll1\III[ PAGE 19

slum in the world, stretches in­to Butte County and the studentsalso are interested in learningmore about the rural country inwhich they live in terms of farmlabor.

Some of these students wereon the Sacramento anti-tuitionmarch and heard Cesar Chavez,UFWOC director, declare thetuition fight "is our fight too. "Now the students feel the huelgais their fight.

All of this could not have hap­pened, however, if it were notfor Luis Valdez and his gallanttroupe, which perhaps thoughtit had arrived in just anotherhostile farming community whichpurposely refused to say any­thing about them.

The Teatro's brilliant andrealistic performances helpedgive once-disunited students areason for unification and thosewho tried to hide the Teatrooverestimated the apathy thatonce existed at Chico State Col­lege.

ABOVE: El Teatro enter­tains a union meeting inDelano. LEFT: Actorsgo through rehearsal.

PAGE 20 JlIIIII[ EL MALCRIADO

Perelli-MinettiSpeaks

But What Did He Say?

By ROBERT DUDNICK

Fred Perelli-Minetti, astocky, 'medium-sized manwhose mouth smiles when hiseyes do not, looked straightat me in his office and said:

"I wish they would make ut:their minds whether they'reMexicans or Americans I'mgetting sick and tired of thisMeyican-American business. "

"Which do you think thestrikers are?" I asked.

Perelli-Minetti glanced atthe floor, then at his desk.Slowly, he replied, "Well, I

. think that because they're onstrike doesn't mean they'vegiven up that privilege (of be­ing.Americans). "

But there was something inhis tone that made me ask:

"Send 'em all back to Mex­ico, huh?"

Five seconds must have pa­ssed as P-M fixed his cold,grey eyes on me. Finally, hesaid:

"Do you think that's farenough ?"

Thi s is the voice of the en­emy.

Neither Fred nor his broth­er, Bill Perelli-Minetti, knewthat they were talking to a re­porter from El Malcriado. Itwas a bizarre interview, forthe P-M's had set the groundrules. Once before, El MAl­criado had tried in a numberof straightforward ways to .in­terview Fred. He refused. He

EXCLUSIVE

INTERVIEWeven refused a joint interviewwith El Malcriado and his fa­vorite small-town paper, theDelano Record. But we wan­ted to give P-M a chance totell his side of the stoi:y. SoPatron Fred received me withgreat friendliness, for I hadtold him I was with a largeTexas newspaper. Whenevera man has something to sell,he's always nice to reporters,and Fred, Bill and I talked formore than three hours lastweek in their offices. .

Fred Perelli-Minetti is asmart guy. He knows how toproject light and sweet reason.But the stubborness of hislocked-in position keeps show­ing through.

Would.he, for instance, sitdown with Cesar Chavez ofUFWOC to discuss real unionrepresentation for his workersrather than the backdoor, scabTeamster deal they have now?

Sure he would, P 4\1: said-­if Cesar comes across with a"statement of the truth , anapology and Ia retraction. " But,answering a question as towhat conditions would have toexist before he would agree toan election similar to the vote

at DiGiorgio, Fred replied:"I can't imagine what theywould be."

Although the P-M base rateis 15 cents an hour less thanthe Schenley rate, Fred de­clared the difference is morethan made up by health andwelfare provisions in the Team­ster deal. The truth is, ofcourse, that the company hasa loophole: if it . is not ac­cepted by the Teamster wel­fare fund, it can practicallyforget the whole deal and getsubstandard welfare under"similar" conditions.

Fred also is eager to pointout that unemployment insur­ance exists in his contract, butnot in the Schenley agreement.But what the Teamsters set­tled for--if you can call it asettlement--is a deal whe rebyif the company's voluntary un­employment insurance paymentsrise above 5% of the worker'swages, P-M can make it up byREDUCING other benefits. Orit can quit the insurance pro­gram entirely. In any event,

:t)te most P -M has to pay forunemployment insurance is$133 a year per worker That'snot much for the company--and even less for the worker.

And on the basic issue ofwages, a careful reading of theTeamster deal shows that the"union" and Perelli-Minettimerely got together and inclu- .ded non-union wages in the con..'.

EL MALCRIADO ll'I\DI[ PAGE 21

according to

perelli-minetti

OffSounds

The Little Old

Winemaker

The closed shop is outlawedby the federal labor act, butthis law does not apply to farmworkers because they are notcovered by the act.

Both Fred and Brother Billseem like nice guys. It's alittie hard to imagine them outflogging the slaves, unless it'swith a rolled-up Teamster con­tract. But, in a career of in­terviewing big daddys from Jim·my Hoffa to Carl Sandburg, youcan sense when a man isn'twhat he wants you to think heis.

Fred was especially kind tothe reporter from Texas. Heoffered to set up a large lunch­eon so I could speak to all thegrowers. I told him I'd let himknow. As we parted, he said:

"You really should carry abusiness card. Some of theother growers around here aremighty suspicious. "

Yes, Fred--but why?

Neither dared attack CesarChavez personally, saying onlythat he is a "good operator..and has an appeal." But theywent overboard on EI Mal­criado which, they admitted, is"highly effective." Fred calledBill Esher, EI Malcriado'g pub­lisher, "brilliant," and descri­bed this reporter as "anotherone of their cartoonists. "

For someone who is so in­sistent on defending the Team­ster contract, Fred P-M reallymade an interesting commentwhen he said, "Show me anyemployer who wants the uniona.!!.<! I'll show you a liar. "

And he was even Willing toadniit that the union shop is"the lesser of two evils" in'contrast to a hiring hall pro­vision, which is, he said, aclosed shop and therefore "im­moral. "

the gospel

tr-act and said they were ne­gotiated in the bargaining ses­sions.. Actually, they are thesame old wages, this time witha Teamster official's signature.

Yet, Fred Perelli-Minetti,for all his faults, is able tocheerfully take an almost real­istic look at farm labor--solong as it doesn't affect A.Perelli-Minetti & Sons. Headmitted to me that if fieldworkers were covered by theNational Labor Relations Actthe result "would not be as badas some in agriculture fear. '"Patron Bill, on the other' hand,doesn't mind unions as long asthey promise to be good boysand not strike at harvest--Wp.ichis the only. time to strike.

Both men deny that UFWOC'sboycott has hurt them.

s

:s

l-

-HE WON'T POUR SC~B WINE

PAGE 22 _ EL MALCRIADO

STEEL--

SWOC had more than 100,000 members. It preparedto demand recognition and collective bargaining andthreatened a nationwide strike if its demands werenot met.

This was the tense situation until a sudden, unex­pected announcement on March 1, 1937--United StatesSteel and SWOC had reached agreement whereby thegiant firm, called "Big Steel, " recognized the unionas bargaining agent, granted a 10% wage increase,accepted the eight-hour day and 40-hour week.

Big Steel gave ~n under heavy pressure from thebankers, who clearly saw what was happening. Withthe majority of the company's employees alreadySWOC members, the bankers saw that a strike wouldcripple operations just when production was gettingback into stride and new orders were piling up.

Ironically, what swung the bankers around wasthat SWOC had a large membership in Big Steel'slargest subsidiary, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Co., thesuccessor to the same company that broke the 1894Homestead strike.

More than 100 independent steel' companies followedBig Steel and by May 1937 SWOC had more than 300,­000 members. But there were some important hold­outs--the firms known as "Little Steel." These wereRepublic, Bethlehem, Youngstown Sheet & Tube andInland, all of which refused to come to terms withSWOC. They began to mobilize under Tom M. Gird­leI', the anti-union president of Republic Steel.

CONTINUED ON P..AGE· 23

Union

Depre s sion stalked theland and transients livedin shack camps at the~ame ~ime the steel wor­kers strove to organizein the'cities.

,The hopes of the steel workers were smashed'with the breaking of the i892 Homestead strike. Thepush for unionization of the mills was delayed fornearly 40 years.

During those intervening years, no significantprogress was made, but things took a turn for thebetter in 1936, when th'e CIO: under MineworkersPresident John L. Lewis, took on the steel industry:

Speaking on nationa-l radio, Lewis laid down theline to the mill owners and gave a foretaste of whatwas to come:

"Let him who will, " he said, "be he economictyrant or sordid mercenary, pit his strength again­st this mighty upsurge of human sentiment now be­ing crystallized in the hearts of 30 million workerswho clamor for the establishment of industrial de­mocracy and for participation in its tangible fruits.He is a madman or a fool who believes that thi sriver of human sentiment... can be dammed orimpounded by the erection of arbitrary barriers ofrestraint. "

Although Lewis was speaking of all the 30 millionunorganized industrial workers, his big push was tobe in the steel mills and within months the industrywas on the defensive. Thousands joined the SteelWorkers Organizing Committee (SWOC), which la­ter was to become the United Steel Workers of Am­erica,

The campaign was run so well that some formercompany unions changed sides and transformedthemselves into SWOC locals and by the end of 1936J

The

Finally Wi,ns

, T ,

EL MALCRIADO~ PAGE 23

Keep Cops in .Their Place

SWOC called a strike during May and about 75, OOO'men walked outto compel recognition of the union.

The steel companies, however, were ready even before the strike.Youngstown Sheet & Tube had on tland eight machineguns, 369 rifles,190 shotguns, 450 revolvers, 6000 rounds of ball ammunition, 109gas guns and 3000 rounds of gas ainmunition--all before the LittleSteel strike.

The companies were successful in fighting the strike becauseof their strong control over towns whose sole support was the millsthemselves. "Citizens committees" were formed to support a cam­paign of intimidation and violent coercion; back-to-work movementswere organized with protection of local police and rent-a-fuzzes.

So, attacks on picket lines, tear-gassing Qf union headquarters,arrests of strike leaders and use of militia to protect scabs grad­ually wore down the strikers' morale.

Violence flared in more than 20 steel towns and reached a bloodypeak at the South Chicago shops of Republic Steel ,On May 30, 1937,a line of about 300 pickets was halted by the c,ops, some missileswere thrown and the police opened fire .... The unarmed workersbroke ranks and fled from the shower of bullets, but left 10 of theirnumber dead on the street and 100 injured. Only 22 cops w~re hurtand none of them seriously. .

The "Memorial Day Massacre" was the..t\u'nipg point because itaroused public sentiment for the strikers. Later investigation, in­cludiD.g film, proved the strikers did not ptovoke the attack.

The strike was lost anyway--the first CIO. de~eat. But the losswas only temporary. Four years later, the Nat~(;>nal Labor Rela­tions Board ordered Little Steel to recognize th~ ,union, reinstateall employees who had lost their jobs by strikipg or by union mem­bership and to accept collective bargaining. Although Little Steel,still resisted, it was forced to capitulate by government interven­tion.By that time~-194l--theCIO had organized some 600,000steel workers, virtually the entire industry.

NEXT: The United Auto Workers.

attorney immediately.4. You do not have to' give any statement tothe police, nor do you have to sign any state­ment you might give them.5. You must be allowed. to ost bail in mostcases, but you must bi!' ~Dle t~ pay the bailbondman's fee. If you cannot pay the fee youmay ask the judge to release you from custo ..dy without bail, but he does not have to do so.6. The police must bring you i,nto court o'r re­lease you within 48 hours after your arrest,(unless the time ends on a weekend or holidayand t.hen they must bring you before a judgethe fust day court is in session.)7. If you do not have.money to hire an attor­ney, IMMEDIATELY ask the police to get youan attorney without charge.

FRO'MPftGE 22'UnionSteel

VENTURA, OXNARD, Calif.­Realizing they can't win on theirown merits, Teamster' organizershere have taken a new tack:They're saying they representthe United Farm Workers of Ce­sar Chavez.

Actually, the two organizers,Albert Rojas and John Sorrea, represent a false-front outfit called"United Farm Workers-lliT."The "lliT" means InternationalBrotherhood of Teamsters.

The Teamsterfl also 'have triedthis misrepresentation in nor'­thern California, where OscarGonzales heads what he likes tocall the "United Farm Workers."This, too, is a T.eamster front,and the so-called TeamstersFarm Workers Union in Delanorefers to it as a "local."

While there.may be many namesfloating around, there is only oneUnited Farm Workers Organizing·Committee. It is headed'by Ce- .sar Chavez, is part of the AFL­Cio and is headquartered in Dela­no. When any man tells you he represents the United Farm Wor- ­kers, make hiin PROVE that heis with the REAL UFWOC of Ce­sar Chavez.

IF YOU ARE STOPPED BY THE POLICE:

IF YOU ARE ARRESTED:

1. You may remain silent; you do not have toanswer any questions other than your name oraddress.'2 •

• ~he police may search you for weapons bypattmg the outside of your clothing,3. Whatever happens, you must not resistarrest even if you are innocent.

~. As soon as you have been booked you h'. , avethe nght to complete at least two phone calls _.one to a relative, friend .or attorney, the otherto a bail bondsman.2. The police must give yciu a receipt foreverything taken from you, inclUding yourwal~et, clothing, and packages y~u were ca­rryIng when arrested.3. You must be allowed to hire and see an

•rosslngorder

nh

PAGE 24 a: EL MALCRIADO

Ways to Get CheatWh

Every farm worker who can think of onemore way in which fartn, workers arecheated, write it down and send it to ELMALCRIADO, Box 1060, Delano, Califor­nia. If your letter is postmarked fromCiudad Juarez, Chih., we will send you afree subscription to EL MALCRIAOO. Youmust explain in detail a way in which youhave been cheated. We will'print the best.answers in the paper (We will not put yourname on it unless you tell us to).

COST OF TOOLS, BAGS, SUPPLIES, KNIVES. isdeducted from your pay. If you end up with anycash you are damned lucky.

IF AN AMERICAN BANK is involved when you tryto transfer money to your family in Mexico, theywill take a big cut for themselves and not guaran­tee that your family will actually get the money.

THE FASTER YOU WORK, the more work theranch foreman will demand of you. If you worktoo fast they will lower the piece rate.

IF YOU ARE LUCKY ENOUGH to have a greencard, you can lose it the first time you stand upfor your rights. The green card can be a one­way free ticket to slavery.. "

. ~ ,...., .

CONTRACTORS HAVE TO PAY BRIDES and otherexpenses which are very high. They get the mon­ey back through pay deductions once you are in theUnited States.

YOU ARE TOLD FALSELY that you will earn highwages and then find out that you are to work at apiece rate and can only come near the promisedwages if you kHl yourself with speed.

..... " ...

ONE OF THE MANY CAMPS USED FORHOUSING FARM WORKERS IN THEUNITED STATES.

THE MONEY FOR YOUR TRANSPORTATION isdeducted from your wages as it the money for thefood. that is sold to you along the way. both at high­ly inflated prices.

YOU ARE CONTINUALLY THREATENED WITHDEPORTATION for complaining abo\lt beingcheated. After you are no longer needed, youremployer picks up a telephone, and a few hourslater the immigration takes you away.

YOU ARE FORCED TO LIVE IN CAMPS and payhigher prices for food. and lodging than you wouldotherwise. Because of this you sometimes end upin debt to the contractor or grower.

YOU ARE PROMISED ONE WAGE and paid another.There is nothing you can do about it.

AN IMMIGRA.TION OFFICER SEARCHESFOR ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS IN THEFIELDS.

t Milestone •InEL MALCRIADO _ PAGE 25

Lamont

Water Flow StartsAs Well Finished

LAMONT, Calif. --Nearly300 staunch union members andtheir families marked anothermilestone with the installationof' offIcers of the SIerra Vista, ,

and Arvin workers committees.Cesar Chavez, UFWOC dir­

ector, installed the officers ata gala barbecue h~re. TheSIerra VIsta and Arvin ranchesare part of the gIant DiGiorgIocomplex, at whIch the union wonrepresentation electIons lastyear.

The offIcers are:At Sierra VIsta: Joe Serda,

chaIrman; Marla Navarro,Eugene Anderson, and Salva­dore Arambula.

At ArvIn: Mack Lyons, chaIr­man; Art Kemplin, GuadalupeCastro, Herb Hatridge, andEdubiges Lugo. '

Dolores Huerta, UFWOCvIce-presIdent, told the mem­bers that a decIsIon by arbitra­tors will be reached by April1 on wages, hIring hall andsuccessor clauses in the DI­GiorgIo contract. All otherparts of the contract are inforce. Dick Leibes of the Build­ing Services Union, who hand­led the arbItration for UFWOC,was present.

IT'S GOING WELL

Cesar, who adminIstered oathsto the officers and the rank andfIle, remInded them that.unionmembership, while it carriesmany benefits, also carries theobligation of supporting the unionby dues, att~ndance at meetings,commIttee work and backing ofofficers, especIally in the firstyear of the contract.

But all members, he stressed,have the right and responsIbility'to speak freely on all mattersand put their ideas up to a maj­ority vote.

He saId the union will move in­to areas, other: than strictly, wa- ,

DELANO--Water is flowIngat the sIte of what will be nat­ional headquarters of the UnitedFarm Workers.

Working 24 hours a day, dril­lers completed a well when theyfound acceptable water at 231feet. The pump was sunk to thatdepth, although the entire welldescends to 300 feet.

The well pumps 139 gallons aminute from a l5-horsepowerpump attached to a 2000-gallon

Installed atLamont were(from left)Marie Navar­ro, Sal Ara­mbula,', JoeSerda, MackLyons, Ed-

,ubiges Lugo,GuadalupeCastro, and

, Art Kemplin.

ges, hours and working concllt-,ions. Two of these future con­cerns are more activity in com­munity affairs' and further or­ganizing.

SpecIal guests at the meetingwere Mr. and Mrs. CharlesBryant of McComb, MIss., vet­eran cIvil rIghts fighters. Mrs.Bryant was a 1964 conventiondelegate of the MissIssIppi Free­dom Democratic Party.

Cesar, noting the racial demo­cracy of the union, said racebigotry is the "worst cancer" thatcan invade any unIon.

"We are all brothers under God, I

lle said, "and we're all brothersin the union. "

pressure tank.Drilling was un,der supervIsIon

of Farm Workers Co-op, whIchwas started by El Malcriado in1960 before the strike. At thattime, it sold only tires and mo­tor oil. Later, it was discon­tinued.

After the strike began, how­ever, the co-op was revived andexpanded and now it has movedinto a number of areas, amongthem a gas station and a mem­bers' service center.

I'm already forgetting whata good steak tastes like,Maybe tomorrow after work.we could get some moneyfro~ the rancher so we canbUY"a' good piece of beef andcook it ourselves.

By Andrew Zilrmeno

.. Daniel de los Reyes

,Cate>:" as 'night fall., after they were-taken to,the ranch bunkhouse where they are to live .

1 while they work, our three friends ~alk abo;"t,the garbage they wer~ 'giyen for dinner,"the

~~~~~ same kind of food they had been eati';,g sinceI they fell.'into the hands of the contractor>

If'·'

- -AFTER SEVERAL DAYS FILLED WITH MUCH TROUBLE, OUR FRIENDS, WHOHAVE LEFT THEIR HOMES IN MEXICO, FALL INTO THE HANDS OF A LABOR,CONTRACTOR WHO DEALS IN WETBACKS. THE CONTRA'CTOR TAKES THEMTO WORK ON,A RANCH AFTER MAKING THEM CROSS THE BORDER ILLEGAL,LY. AND'HE MAKES THEM SIGN A PAPER IN WHICH THEY AGREE TO PAYTHE FIRST $40.00 THEY MAKE IN THE FIELDS TO THE CONTRACTOR.

OK, 25 wetbacks at 40 bucks each­that comes to $2000, As soon asyou get the wetbacks, I'll give youthe papers 00 you can deduct thatmoney from their paychecks,

Hijole! At 4 in themorning! I thoughtthat they had eight­hour shifts in thiscountr !

Let's see now... $30 a day makes $180 a we~kThat comes to about 800 a month .... that meansI can make as much as 10,000 pesos a month.Now, if I did that. whatever I have to pay for

food. and...

in thewhat they say as muchIf it· S true t you can make the n inpapers. tha . this country. pay

as $30 a d:~~;s I'll be a~les:~l senda couple 0 rancbe r an

$40 to the Id ladthe oney to_my_o__ ,some m

In the evening, inside the bunkhouse that theranchers call "housing". our friends try torest after a very hard day in the fields.una dura jornada de trabajo.

-

Page 30 :.: EL MALCRIADO

PROGRESS IN RICHGROVE_----......"l

RICHGROVE, Calif. --Thissmall farm worker town of justover 1000 residents is an openwound among the surroundinglush, fertile fields of agribus­iness. It consists of a numberof small stores, gas stationsand many run-down shacks inwhich the farm workers live.

So far, it is identical to ma;nysuch towns which dot the SanJoaquin Valley, but there is adifference here. The RichgroveCommunity Organization startedjust about one month ago and nowhas 51 members, mostly farmworkers. Its plan is to pro­mote the "general welfare ofthe low-income. . . peoples ofthe area in the fields of educa­tion, citizenship, civil rights,employment, housing, health,pusiness, neighborhood improve­ments, recreation and agricul­ture. "

The first project the group is

undertaking is that of trying toget the gas company to run aline to Richgrove. Now theresidents are forced to buy bu­tane gas, which is much moreexpensive. The members havealso discussed asking for somesort of police protection fortheir unincorporated town.According to Phillip Veracruz,president of the Richgrove Com­munity Organization and a mem­ber of the Farm Workers Unionin Delano, the county sheriff'sdepartment does not give ade­quate protection.

A third project might be achild care center. As of now,

mothers who must work in thefields to feed their families can­not afford babysitters, and somust take their children withthem and either lock them in anautomobile or let them play inthe fields, either of which isvery dangerous.

Lubbock StrikeFROM PAGE 18

Anglos to'jobs for which theywere trained by Negroes andMexican-Americans;

4--Given .{\nglos preferencefor overtime\ arid relegatedNegroes and Mexican-Ameri­cans to the dirtiest and mostdangerous jobs.

Lubbock is a ~tr~glY con­servative town in the heart ofa fantastically wealthy agricul ­tural area. No wonder it's"Jack and the beanstalk. "

I

WHEN WILL THE FAR", WORKERS HAVE MORE MONEY?

WHEN THEY POOL THEm MONEY TO FORM STRONG Sf< VINGS INSTITUTIONS

We've begun one--the Fartn Workers Credit Union--and we're worth tnore than $29,500in just a sho rt titne

No group of poor people can afford EVER to gooutside their group to save or borrow money;when they do go to the usual places to save soonerof later that money is loaned to rich ranchers orfactory owners to use against, in the form of lowwages, the same poor who are saving money inthe first place. AND THE DAY IS FAST APPROA­CHING WHEN OUR FARM WORKERS CREDITUNION WILL BE ABLE TO DECLARE A DIVI­DEND -- in plain words, that's profit on yoursavings.

BUY A SHARE .TODAY!Write to FARM WORKERS CREDIT UNION, Box894, Delano, Calif., or visit us at 105 Asti St. ,Delano. Telephone: 725-0161

EL MALCRIADO~PAGE 31

-LEARN THE LAW AND SAVE MO~EY-

YOUR SlRVICl ClNTlRFR"EE LESSONS OFFERED

DID YOU KNOW THAT 30% OF YOUR IN.­COME GOES INTO THE HANDS OF THEINTERNAL REVENUE BE CAUSE YOU ARENOT FAMILIAR WITH THE TAX LAWS?

All of your children who earned less thanarll.$600 during the past year can be claimed as

GSofO"ef 0 exemptions. But if you support your wife and1\O"s Reg

u1af0 C children who do not live with you, but who li ve

~r.e"'''fselt 00 0 \enil in Mexico or elsewhere in the United States,

'(oU flcleflza '1I.,te t'l0Ufclege you should have a letter from your wife which

\ come) ZD f,fS\fl3lt\eso

................•....... says that you contributed more than half of

ofle'tl3doflof ~itd 3a 'lou .•..:::::::::::::::::: ·_············· their support during the past year. If pos-·.b~;flalt\e an sible, she should state how much you contrib-

uted and how much her total income was.

NOW TEST YOURSELF AND SEE WHA T YOUHAVE LEARNED. CHOOSE TWO OUT OFEACH GROUP OF THREE SENTENCES. ONESENTENCE IS DELIBERATELY INCORRECT.

If the child of a friend or relative has livedwith you for the past year and you fux:nishthe support of this child, you should have aletter from the child's parents saying that youhave supported the child and that they are notgoing to claim the child as an exemption ontheir own income tax.

ADDRESS. _

NAME _

Send to Box 460, Delano, Calif., or see usat 105 Asti St., telephone 725-0161.

- 1IIII

II

ZIP

I am interested in receiving the completeset of lessons you are offering to farm wor­kers. Send me more information.

SEND THIS COUPON IMMEDIATELY!

CI TY ,S TA TE

- -YOU CAN DEDUCT A CHILD FROM YOURINCOME TAX:(1) If he earned less than $600 last year; (2) Ifhe is living with you,. although he is the childof a friend or relative; (3) If he earned morethan $600 last year.

IF YOUR WIFE LIVES IN MEXICO, SHE CANBE COUNTED AS AN EXEMPTION:(1) If she writes a letter saying where shelives; (2) If you contributed more than half ofher support; (3) Only if she has at least threechildren living with her.

YOUR WIFE CAN BE COUNTED AS ANEXEMPTION:

.(1) If you do not contribute to her support; (2)If you contribute more than half of her sup­port; (3) If she says so in a letter.

A.R.MORIlOW

AND DON'T FORGETTHE TEXAS BOYCOTTl

TRIBUNO

AMBASSADOR

AMBASSADOR

SUPPORT THf·DflANOCRAP STRIKf

PLEASE DON'T BUY ANY ,PERELLI-MINETTI PRODUCTS