MARCH 19, 2015 - nutrsci.illinois.edu · MARCH 19, 2015. Welcome On behalf of the Nutritional Sciences Graduate Student Association (NSGSA), Division of Nutritional Sciences (DNS),

MARCH 19, 2015

Welcome

On behalf of the Nutritional SciencesGraduate Student Association (NSGSA),

Division of Nutritional Sciences (DNS), andall participating presenters, we would like towelcome you to the 2015 NutritionSymposium at the University of Illinois! TheNutrition Symposium is an important eventfor sharing ideas across disciplines and withthe community.

Started in 1994 by NSGSA, the symposiumoffers students within DNS and relateddisciplines on campus an opportunity topresent their nutrition research prior to thenational meetings held annually in thespring. This symposium provides a firstglance at exciting research in the areas ofmetabolic regulation, cancer, gastrointestinalphysiology, immunology, physical activity,public health, and bioactive plantcompounds. Students will be traveling andpresenting at a variety of conferencesincluding Experimental Biology andAmerican Society of Animal Sciences.

This year, NSGSA is honored to have Dr.Michael Grandner deliver the keynoteaddress, “What do we know about therelationship between diet and sleep? Datafrom population and laboratory studies.” Dr.Grandner will discuss the emerging evidenceof sleep and its role in food intake andmetabolism, and the reciprocal role of diet in

sleep/wake regulation. Further, he willexplain how this relationship may partiallyexplain the association between sleepduration and obesity risk.

Additionally, NSGSA is proud to highlightthe work of world-class faculty membersthrough a mini-symposium. This year’spresentations address nutrition throughoutthe life cycle and will feature Drs. Yuan-XiangPan, Sharon Donovan, Margarita Teran-Garcia, and Karen Chapman-Novakofski.

We are grateful to the many people involvedwith this meeting and program. We wouldlike to first thank our keynote speaker, Dr.Michael Grandner. Thank you to oursponsors – their support is essential to thesuccess and quality of the program. TheNSGSA executive board and the symposiumprogram committee have worked long andhard to organize an excellent program. Wealso thank the many others who contributedto this undertaking, including DNS staff andCollege of ACES Advancement Office staff.Most of all, we would like to thank oursession chairs, judges, presenters andattendees for participating in this year’sevents and making them a success.

The Nutritional Sciences Graduate StudentAssociation Board

U n i v e r s i t y o f i l l i n o i s 1WELCOME

www.nutritionalsciences.illinois.edu

The Nutritional Sciences GraduateStudent Association (NSGSA) was

founded in the spring of 1973 by studentsin the program. The purpose of theorganization is to provide a means ofcommunication among graduate students,faculty, and alumni of the Division ofNutritional Sciences (DNS) which spansmultiple colleges and departments.

NSGSA serves as a forum for student opinionand input to DNS as well as giving students theopportunity to expand their experiences asgraduate students. Our activities reflect ourdesire to enrich our experiences as graduatestudents and to promote the importance of thenutritional sciences discipline both within theUniversity and among the surroundingcommunities of Champaign and Urbana.

2015 Nutrition Symposium 2

NSGSA

Nutritional Sciences Graduate Student Association

NSGSA Board

Matthew PanasevichChair

Tzu-Wen LiuCo-Chair

Kristy DuTreasurer

Cassandra NikolausMedia Chair

Sasha McCorkleSecretary

Patricia WolfCo-Treasurer

Joshua SmithRepresentative to the Faculty

Marissa PallottoNetworking Chair

2015 NutritionSymposium CommitteeMatthew Panasevich,Nutrition Symposium Chair

Planning Committee

Lauren ConlonKristy DuRenae GeierLauren KillianTzu-Wen LiuSasha McCorkleLaura MoodyCassandra NikolausMarissa PallottoKatie RobinsonJoshua SmithAlbert TowersAnthony WangPatricia Wolf

2015 Session JudgesDr. Haji AkbarDr. Jennifer BarnesDr. Nicholas BurdDr. Hong ChenDr. Megan DaileyDr. Michael De LisioDr. Michael GrandnerDr. Craig GundersenDr. Hannah HolscherDr. Naiman Khan Dr. Jonathan MunDr. Sidonie LavergneDr. Brandy PenceDr. Emily RadlowskiDr. Andrew SteelmanDr. Hans SteinDr. Rita StrakovskyDr. Margarita Teran-Garcia

U n i v e r s i t y o f i l l i n o i s 3

Contact Information2015 Symposium Contact

Matthew Panasevich190 Animal Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois1207 W. Gregory AveUrbana, IL 61801(570) [email protected]

2016 Symposium Contact

Tzu-Wen Liu180 Animal Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois1207 W. Gregory AveUrbana, IL 61801(573) [email protected]

Division of Nutritional Sciences

Dr. Jessica HartkeAssistant Director445 Bevier HallUniversity of IllinoisUrbana, IL 61801(217) [email protected]

Nutritional Sciences Graduate StudentAssociation

http://nutrsci.illinois.edu/current_students/nutritional_sciences_graduate_student_association

Schedule of EventsM A r C H 1 9 , 2 0 1 5

*8:15 a.m. – 9:15 a.m. ........BreakfastSims Executive Conference Room, ACES Library

Sponsors, DNS students, faculty, and staff are invited

*9:15 a.m. – 10:15 a.m. ......Graduate Student Oral Presentations 1Monsanto Room, ACES Library

9:15 a.m. Matthew R. Panasevich

9:30 a.m. Patricia G. Wolf

9:45 a.m. Anthony A. Wang

10:00 a.m. Marta K. Zamroziewicz

10:15 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. ......Break

*10:30 a.m. – 11:30 a.m. ....Graduate Student Oral Presentations 2Monsanto Room, ACES Library

10:30 a.m. Joshua W. Smith

10:45 a.m. Natasha C. Cole

11:00 a.m. Tzu-Wen Liu

11:15 a.m. Sasha M. McCorkle

11:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. ......LunchHeritage Room, ACES Library

DNS students and sponsors are invited, RSVP required


Schedule of EVENTS

U n i v e r s i t y o f i l l i n o i s 5Schedule of EVENTS

12:30 p.m. – 12:45 p.m.......Break

*12:45 p.m. – 2:45 p.m.......Faculty Mini-SymposiumMonsanto Room, ACES Library

“Nutritional sciences: Impacting health at every age”

12:45 p.m. Dr. Yuan-Xiang Pan: Maternal nutrition programs physiological consequences through epigeneticsin animal models

1:15 p.m. Dr. Sharon M. Donovan: Breastfeeding reduces circulating inflammatory cytokines and inflammatorygene pathways in immune cells compared to formula-feeding in the first 6months of life

1:45 p.m. Dr. Margarita Teran-Garcia: Emerging adulthood: An opportunity to prevent chronic disease

2:15 p.m. Dr. Karen Chapman-Novakofski: Nutrition and the older adult

2:45 p.m. – 4:00 p.m...........Break

*4:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.........Keynote Address by Dr. Michael Grandner, University of Pennsylvania180 Bevier Hall

“What do we know about the relationship between diet and sleep? Datafrom population and laboratory studies.”

5:00 p.m. – 5:15 p.m...........Break

*5:15 p.m. – 6:40 p.m.........Graduate Student Poster SessionHeritage Room, ACES Library

Evening Reception, Award AnnouncementsSponsors, DNS students, faculty, and staff are invited

*Open to the general public


Contents

Table of Contents

Welcome ........................................................................................................................................................1

Nutritional Sciences Graduate Student Association..........................................................................2

Contact Information..........................................................................................................................3

Schedule of Events ............................................................................................................................4

Sponsors

Corporate Sponsors..............................................................................................................................7

Friends of the Symposium ......................................................................................................................7

Keynote Address

Keynote Speaker: Dr. Michael Grandner............................................................................................8

“What do we know about the relationship between diet and sleep?Data from population and laboratory studies”................................................................................9

Scientific Table of Contents

Graduate Student Oral Presentations Session 1............................................................................10

Graduate Student Oral Presentations Session 2............................................................................10

Faculty Mini-Symposium: Nutritional sciences: Impacting health at every age..........................10

Graduate Student Poster Session......................................................................................................10

Abstracts and Biographies

Graduate Student Oral Presentations Session 1..........................................................................12

Graduate Student Oral Presentations Session 2..........................................................................14

Faculty Mini-Symposium: Nutritional sciences: Impacting health at every age..........................16

Graduate Student Poster Session................................................................................................20

Poster Session Floor Plan......................................................................................................................31

Presenting Author Index............................................................................................................................32

U n i v e r s i t y o f i l l i n o i s 7Sponsors

The University of Illinois Division of Nutritional Sciences and the Nutritional SciencesGraduate Student Association would like to acknowledge the generosity of the sponsors and

friends of our 2015 Nutrition Symposium.

C o r P o r A t e s P o n s o r s

f r i e n D s o f t H e s y M P o s i U M

College of Agricultural Consumer and environmentalsciences office of research

University of illinoisDepartment of Animal sciences

University of illinoisDepartment of food science and Human nutrition

University of illinoisDepartment of Kinesiologyand Community Health

Dr. Grandner is an Instructor in theDepartment of Psychiatry at the

University of Pennsylvania. He is boardcertified in Behavioral Sleep Medicine. Hisresearch focuses on how sleep and sleep-related behaviors are related tocardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity,neurobehavioral functioning, mental health,and longevity. He is currently studying howsleep patterns are related to health and

functioning, and the social, environmental, and behavioral factorsthat determine how we sleep. Dr. Grandner earned his B.A. inPsychology from the University of Rochester and his Ph.D. inClinical Psychology from the joint doctoral program at San DiegoState University and the University of California, San Diego. Hecompleted a postdoctoral fellowship in Sleep and CircadianNeurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as anaccredited fellowship in Behavioral Sleep Medicine and a Masters inTranslational Research at Penn. He has published over 50 articles

and chapters on issues relating to sleep and health. Heserves on the Mental Health Task Force for the

National Collegiate Athletics Association(NCAA). He has received awards and

honors for his work from theSociety of Behavioral SleepMedicine, Sleep ResearchSociety, American Academyof Sleep Medicine,American HeartAssociation,PopulationAssociation ofAmerica, andother groups. Hehas also receivedtwo separateOutstandingProfessorAwards for histeaching ofstatistics.

Keynote Speaker:Dr. Michael A. Grandner


Keynote Speaker

For over 50 years, epidemiologic literature has documented an association between habitualshort sleep duration and mortality risk. Since that time, and especially in the past decade,

there have been a number of studies that have sought to understand the reasons for thisassociation. Obesity has emerged as a potentially important link between sleep andmortality. There have been over 60 studies documenting associations betweenshort sleep duration and obesity. To unpack this association, studies haveexamined a number of factors, including physiologic studies ofinsulin/glucose regulation, secretion of metabolic hormones such asleptin and ghrelin levels of adipokines, the role of sleep loss ininflammatory processes, etc. Other studies have examined thebehavioral as well. For example, there is a rich literaturedocumenting deficits in decision making associated withsleep loss, and recent studies that this phenomenon extendsto food choices. Other studies have examined the role ofsleep loss on the timing, amount and composition offood intake. In addition, reciprocal directions ofcausality, whereby meal timing, amount, andcomposition may play a role in sleep/wakeregulation. Regarding associations between sleep andnutrients, there have been a few studies thatexamined relationships between habitual sleepvariables and dietary nutrients. For example, in astudy of women enrolled in the Women’s HealthInitiative, shorter objective sleep duration wasassociated with a greater intake of fat in the diet, aswas increased levels of subjective (but notobjective) napping, suggesting links with daytimetiredness. Another study examined national-representative data from the National Health andNutrition Examination Survey and found thathabitual short and long sleepers were more likely tohave a diet that had less variety than normativesleepers. This was borne out in macronutrient profileswhich showed differences, especially in protein andcarbohydrate consumption. In examining sleepsymptoms, some special diets were associated with sleepdisruptions as well. In examining micronutrients, somepreliminary evidence from these studies suggests thatnutrients, including some fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins,and minerals may have unique relationships to sleep. Takentogether, there is emerging evidence that sleep plays a role in foodintake and metabolism, which may feed back and play a reciprocalrole in sleep/wake regulation. Further, this relationship may partiallyexplain the association between sleep duration and obesity risk.

Dr. Michael A. Grandner’s Keynote Address4:00 – 5:00 p.m. in 180 Bevier Hall

U n i v e r s i t y o f i l l i n o i s

“What do we know about the relationshipbetween diet and sleep? Data from population and laboratory studies”

9

Graduate Student Oral Presentations Session 1

9:15 a.m. - 10:15 a.m.Monsanto Room, ACES Library

Moderately-fermentable potato fiber attenuatessymptoms during experimental colitisMatthew R. Panasevich..........................12

Colonic microbes contributing to hydrogengeneration and utilization correlate with breathmethane and functional symptoms in patientswith chronic constipation and constipationpredominant irritable bowel syndromePatricia G. Wolf......................................12

Cumulative effect of SNP polymorphisms ingut-microbiota related genes are associatedwith obesity phenotypes in preschool agechildrenAnthony A. Wang ..................................13

Nutritional neuroscience in cognitive aging:A role for anterior cingulate cortex in themediation of O3PUFAs on executive functionMarta K. Zamroziewicz ..........................13

Graduate Student OralPresentations Session 2

10:30 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.Monsanto Room, ACES Library

A role for BCO1 beyond carotenoidmetabolism: Effects on androgen status andprostatic homeostasisJoshua W. Smith ....................................14

Perceived picky eating behaviors inpreschoolers is influenced by polymorphismsin chemosensory genesNatasha Chong Cole ..............................14

Prebiotics impact fecal microbiota and gutphysiology in diet-induced obese miceTzu-Wen Liu ..........................................15

Reliability of heterochromatic flickerphotometry in measuring macular pigmentoptical density among preadolescent childrenSasha M. McCorkle................................15

Faculty Mini-Symposium “Nutritional Sciences: Impactinghealth at every age”

12:45 p.m. – 2:45 p.m.Monsanto Room, ACES Library

Maternal nutrition programs physiologicalconsequences through epigenetics in animalmodelsYuan-Xiang Pan, Ph.D. ..........................16

Breastfeeding reduces circulatinginflammatory cytokines and inflammatorygene pathways in immune cells compared toformula-feeding in the first 6 months of lifeSharon M. Donovan, Ph.D., R.D...........17

Emerging adulthood: An opportunity toprevent chronic diseaseMargarita Teran-Garcia, M.D., Ph.D. ....18

Nutrition and the older adultKaren Chapman-Novakofski, R.D., LDN,Ph.D. ......................................................19

Graduate Student Poster Session

5:15 p.m. – 6:40 p.m. Heritage Room, ACES Library

See poster session floor plan map on page 31

Immunohistochemical detection of gut-brain-axis markers along the gastrointestinaltract of formula-fed pigletsKirsten Berding......................................20

Dietary sodium intake in maintenancehemodialysis patients by point of purchaseand food categoryAnnabel Biruete ....................................20


SCientific Table of Contents

Development and validation of a generalnutrition knowledge questionnaire for adultsin UgandaRichard Bukenya....................................20

Impact of dietary broccoli on liver cancer inB6C3F1 male mice fed a Western dietYung-Ju Chen ..........................................21

Low-lycopene tomato powder alters prostatebiology in TRAMP miceLauren E. Conlon ..................................21

A systematic literature review of nutrition-related mobile appsKristen N. DiFilippo..............................22

Dietary supplementation with quercetin reju-venates cognitive performance independentof adult hippocampal neurogenesisKristy Du................................................22

Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB)clearance in hemodialysis patientsPeter J. Fitschen......................................23

Maternal high fat diet-induced Il-12boverexpression in male offspring rats isassociated with DNA hypomethylation Diego Hernández-Saavedra ..................23

Impact of the dietary lipid matrix onneurodevelopmental patterns of the pigletReeba M. Jacob......................................24

Fermented berry beverage phenolics reducefat mass and fasting blood glucose in high-fatfed miceMichelle H. Johnson..............................24

Maternal high fat programs Hepatic Il-6expression through differential DNAmethylation in male pupsAdam Kriska..........................................24

Postnatal iron deficiency impairs whitematter development in neonatal pigletsBrian J. Leyshon....................................25

Differences in utilized mealtime strategiesbetween home-and center-based daycareproviders and parentsVirginia Luchini ....................................25

Nutrition environment survey developmentfor elementary school settingsNatalie M. Masis ....................................26

Effects of text messaging health interventionson college-aged LatinosRamona I. Montez..................................26

Hippocampal metabolites correlate withneuroimaging outcomes in the pigletAustin T. Mudd......................................26

A novel neonatal feeding intolerance andnecrotizing enterocolitis risk scoring tool iseasy to use and valued by nursing staffJane K. Naberhuis..................................27

Do grocery store tours prepare consumers toadopt healthy purchasing behaviors? Asystematic review of evidenceCassandra J. Nikolaus............................27

Effects of a high-protein, high-fiber diet onweight loss, voluntary physical activity, bodycomposition, and serum chemistry profiles inoverweight catsMarissa R. Pallotto................................28

α2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG)polymorphism and HOMA-IR in youngMexican adultsKatie N. Robinson..................................28

Development of a murine model ofchemobrain to evaluate the efficacy ofnutritional interventionAndrew A. Sheriff..................................29

Diet-gene interaction in arachidonic (ARA)and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid synthesisshows compensatory upregulation Hang Su....................................................29

Sulforaphane reduces inflammatory geneexpression in microglia from aged miceBrigitte E. Townsend ..............................30

U n i v e r s i t y o f i l l i n o i s 11SCientific Table of Contents


Abstracts & BIOGRAPHIES

� Moderately-fermentable potato fiberattenuates symptoms duringexperimental colitis

Matthew. R. Panasevich, J. M. Allen, J. A.Woods, R. N. DilgerDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Potato fiber (PF), a co-product of potatostarch isolation, is a moderately-fermentabledietary fiber that was evaluated for its efficacyin attenuating the acute inflammatoryresponse in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Wehypothesized that PF would attenuate theinflammatory response through productionof short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). MaleC57Bl/6J mice (N=67) were randomizedbased on initial body weight to dietscontaining either cellulose (CELL; N=34) orPF (N=33) for the 22 d feeding study. Onstudy d 14, mice were provided eitherdistilled water or 2% (wt/vol) DSS indrinking water for 5 d, and tissues werecollected at study termination. Daily weightsof mice, food, and water were collected fromd 14 through d 22. Colon and cecum tissueswere analyzed for changes in gene expression,and SCFA concentrations were quantified incecal contents. Mice provided the PF/DSStreatment exhibited a delayed (P < 0.05) lossin body weight compared with mice providedthe CELL/DSS treatment at d 4 and d 5 post-DSS administration. Furthermore, a diet bywater treatment interaction (P < 0.05) wasnoted for cecal SCFA concentrations, whichwere higher in the PF/DSS treatmentcompared with the CELL/DSS treatment.Overall, dietary PF attenuated body weightloss due to experimental colitis in mice,potentially due to the production of SCFA.

� Colonic microbes contributing tohydrogen generation and utilizationcorrelate with breath methane andfunctional symptoms in patients withchronic constipation and constipationpredominant irritable bowel syndrome

Patricia G. Wolf1, N.Chia2, A.E Bharucha2,H.R. Gaskins11Division of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL2Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

This study evaluated relationships betweenhydrogenogenic and hydrogenotrophicmicrobes, breath methane, and functionalsymptoms in 25 constipated patients and 25healthy controls. Breath hydrogen andmethane production after oral lactulose,gastric emptying, and small intestinal andcolonic transit by scintigraphy were measured.Stool and sigmoid colonic mucosal biopsymicrobial abundance was quantified usingReal-Time qPCR targeting the functionalgenes methyl coenzyme M reductase A(mrcA), dissimilatory sulfite reductase A(dsrA), and FeFe (FeFe-hydA) and Fe-only (Fe-hydA) hydrogenase A. Abundance of allfunctional gene targets were significantlyhigher in constipated mucosal samples, whichcorrelated with being functionally constipatedand negatively correlated with colonic transitat 24 h. Methane production positivelycorrelated with Fe-hydA at baseline, andmucosal mcrA abundance at 60 and 120 minafter oral lactulose intake. In stool, dsrApositively correlated with methaneproduction at all time points. Functionalconstipation correlated with delayed gastricemptying, slowed colon transit, and 2 hbreath methane levels. These data indicatehydrogenogenic and hydrogenotrophicmicrobes are more abundant in patients withchronic constipation than healthy controls,correlating with delayed colon transit, gastricemptying, and higher breath methane inpatients.

AbstractsGraduate Student Oral Presentations Session 1

U n i v e r s i t y o f i l l i n o i s 13Abstracts & BIOGRAPHIES

� Cumulative effect of SNP polymorphismsin gut-microbiota related genes areassociated with obesity phenotypes inpreschool age children

Anthony A. Wang1, K. Harrison2, S.M.Donovan1, M.D. Teran-Garcia1, STRONGKids Research Group1Division of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL;2Institute for Social Research, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Childhood obesity is a nutrition-relateddisease with multiple underlying etiologies.While genetic factors contribute to obesity,the gut microbiota has been implicatedthrough fermentation of non-digestiblepolysaccharides to short chain fatty acids(SCFA). SCFA provide additional substrate forenergy harvest and storage, and arepostulated to be signaling molecules effectingexpression of gut hormones. This studyinvestigated the cumulative effect of singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genesinvolved in SCFA recognition andmetabolism on obesity in preschool-agechildren. Study participants were from theSTRONG Kids Illinois and Michigan cohorts(n=472). Height and weight were measuredto calculate obesity-related phenotypes.Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva, andthe Fluidigm® SNP genotyping platform wasused. Statistical analyses were performed inSAS 9.3 with age and sex as covariates. Of 47SNPs in 20 candidate genes, 4 gene variants(PPARϒ, CD36, IL6, and SLC16A3)contributed 3.67% of the variability in BMI z-score. A categorical variable was constructedby summing risk alleles each individualcarried for these SNPs and by separating thedata into tertiles. Children in the upper tertile(5-7 alleles, 7.1% of cohort) had higher BMIz-score compared to those in the carrying 0-2alleles (0.16±0.9 vs. 0.80±0.71, p=0.0002).These data confirm the cumulative effect ofthese genetic variants on early-onset obesity,warranting further investigation into themechanisms driving these associations.

� Nutritional neuroscience in cognitiveaging: A role for anterior cingulate cortexin the mediation of O3PUFAs onexecutive function

Marta K. Zamroziewicz1, E.J. Paul1, R.Rubin1, A.S. Keck2,3, A.K. Barbey1,31Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, BeckmanInstitute for Advanced Science and Technology,Urbana, IL; 2Carle Foundation Hospital,Urbana, IL;3Division of Nutritional Sciences,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL

Although diet has a substantial influence onthe aging brain, the relationship betweenbiomarkers of diet and aspects of brainstructure remains unclear. This studyexamines the neural mechanisms thatmediate the relationship between omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3PUFAs) andexecutive function in at-risk, cognitivelyhealthy older adults. We hypothesized thathigher levels of O3PUFAs are associated withbetter performance on tests of executivefunction and that this relationship ismediated by gray matter volume withinspecific regions of the frontal cortex. Westudied 40 cognitively intact adults betweenthe ages of 65 and 75 with the APOE e4polymorphism, examining the relationshipbetween biomarkers of O3PUFAs, tests ofexecutive function (measured by the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System), and graymatter volume within regions of the frontalcortex. A mediation analysis revealed thatgray matter volume of the left rostral anteriorcingulate cortex partially mediates therelationship between O3PUFA biomarkersand executive function. The results provideevidence to support the role of the anteriorcingulate cortex in the mediation ofO3PUFAs and executive function in at-riskhealthy older adults. Through their link toexecutive function and neuronal measures offrontal cortex volume, O3PUFAs showpotential as a nutraceutical agent to preventdysfunction in the aging brain.


Abstracts & BIOGRAPHIES

� A role for BCO1 beyond carotenoidmetabolism: Effects on androgen statusand prostatic homeostasis

Joshua W. Smith1, N.A. Ford2, S.K.Clinton3, J.W. Erdman, Jr 11Division of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL;2Nutrition Research, Hass Avocado Board,Irvine, CA; 3The James Cancer Hospital andComprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, OH

Genomic alterations in carotene-15,15’-monooxygenase (BCO1) alter metabolism ofdietary carotenoids, but functions of BCO1beyond carotenoid cleavage are unknown. Inhumans, higher serum levels of thecarotenoid lycopene (Lyc) are inverselyassociated with risk of prostate cancer, whichis driven by androgens. We hypothesized thatBco1 genotype would interact with dietary Lycor tomato powder (TP) to alter murineandrogen and prostatic biology. We conductedthree studies in which 9- to 14-week-old malewild-type (WT) and Bco1-/- mice were fed AIN-93G control or diets containing 10% TP ormatched levels of Lyc for four days. Across allthree studies, we found that Bco1 gene losssignificantly and consistently depressedandrogen status and disrupted prostatichomeostasis – independent of Lyc or TPfeeding. Bco1 loss decreased testicular Hsd17b3mRNA - a key enzyme in testosterone (T)synthesis - by 29% and reduced serum T by79%. Regardless of diet, prostate weight wasreduced 14-19% in Bco1-/- mice vs. WT. Inagreement with this, we observed reducedandrogen signaling in prostates of Bco1-/- mice(MsmbmRNA, -30%, Igfbp3mRNA, +20%) aswell as decreased mRNA expression ofmarkers of proliferation (Pcna, -12%; Ki67, -44%) and cell cycle entry into mitosis (Aurkb,-54%; Ccnb2, -51%). In summary, BCO1seems to play a significant role in androgenand prostate physiology independent of itsfunction in carotenoid metabolism.

� Perceived picky eating behaviors inpreschoolers is influenced bypolymorphisms in chemosensory genes

Natasha Chong Cole, A.A. Wang, S.Y. Lee,S.M. Donovan, M.D. Teran-GarciaDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Picky eating behavior may have bothbiological and environmental determinants.We tested the hypothesis that variation ingenes that affect taste perception wouldinfluence picky eating behavior and bodymass index (BMI) by exploring associationswith nine genetic variants in sixchemosensory-related genes (TAS2R19,TAS2R38, CA6, TAS1R1, TAS1R2, andTAS2R1). Cross-sectional analysis wasconducted on data from 144 non-Hispanicwhite preschoolers (2-5 years). Parentsresponded to survey questions about theirchildren’s eating habits, including pickyeating. Height and weight were measured andsaliva was collected for genotyping.Generalized linear models were used toexamine differences in picky eating behaviorsand BMI z-scores associated with selectedsingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).Two CA6 polymorphisms were associatedwith picky eating behavior. Both SNPs werein Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and theminor allele frequency was 12.5% and 9.0%,respectively. CA6-rs2274327 T-homozygositywas associated with parental perception ofpicky eating, (χ2=3.99, p<0.05), while CA6-rs2274333 G-homozygosity was associatedwith children’s preference for specific food-preparation methods, (χ2=4.74, p<0.05).Children’s BMI z-scores were not correlatedwith picky eating behaviors or genotypes.These results are the first to show thatvariations in the CA6 gene influences pickyeating behavior.

AbstractsGraduate Student Oral Presentations Session 2

U n i v e r s i t y o f i l l i n o i s 15Abstracts

� Prebiotics impact fecal microbiota andgut physiology in diet-induced obesemice

Tzu-Wen Liu1, H.D. Holscher2, K.D.Cephas1, K.R. Kerr1, H.F. Mangian1, K.A.Tappenden1,3, K.S. Swanson1,21Division of Nutritional Sciences,2Department of Animal Sciences, 3Departmentof Food Science and Human Nutrition,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL

Obesity is associated with compromisedintestinal barrier function and shifts inmicrobiota that may contribute toinflammation. Previous research suggestsbenefits of fibers, but the impacts offermentable vs. non-fermentable fibers arenot well understood. Objective: To determinethe impact of cellulose vs. fructan (short-chain fructooligosaccharides [scFOS] orinulin) supplementation on fecal microbiotaand gut physiology in obese mice. Methods:18-wk old C57BL/6J mice (n=6/group) werefed high-fat diets (45% kcal fat) containing5% cellulose, 10% cellulose, 10% scFOS or10% inulin for 4wk. Cecum and distal colonwere collected to assess barrier function,histomorphology and gene expression. FecalDNA was used to perform 16S rRNA IlluminaMiSeq sequencing and analysis with QIIME.Results: Both fructans increased intestinaltransmural resistance and crypt depth butreduced mRNA abundance of ZO-1 andoccludin. Principal coordinates analysis ofweighted and unweighted UniFrac distancesof fecal microbiota revealed a sharpseparation between fructan and cellulosegroups. Alpha diversity revealed lower speciesrichness with fructan supplementation.Fructans reduced the relative abundance ofFirmicutes and increased Actinobacteria andVerrucomicrobia (Akkermansia). Conclusion:Fructan may modulate gut microbiota andphysiological responses via multiplemechanisms.

� Reliability of heterochromatic flickerphotometry in measuring macularpigment optical density amongpreadolescent children

Sasha M. McCorkle1,2, N.A. Khan2, L.B.Raine2, B.R. Hammond Jr.3, L. Renzi3, C.H.Hillman1,21Division of Nutritional Sciences, 2Departmentof Kinesiology and Community Health,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL; 3Department of Psychology,University of Georgia, Athens, GA

Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) –assessed using heterochromatic flickerphotometry (HFP) - has been previouslyrelated with better cognitive performance aswell as brain levels of lutein among adultpopulations. However, the reliability of HFPto measure MPOD has not been directlyinvestigated in children. Accordingly, thisstudy assessed inter-session reliability ofMPOD using HFP among 7-10-year-olds(N=32) on two non-consecutive days. HFP ismeasured by a macular densitometer in orderto calculate the participant’s MPOD score.The results from this study indicated thatthere was no significant difference betweenthe two sessions [P=0.92 (session 1: 0.58 ±0.33; session 2: 0.57 ± 0.28)] and nosignificant difference was found betweenboys and girls (P=0.53). Furthermore, therewas a significant correlation between sessions(Y = 0.44x + 0.32; r=0.52, P=0.002), with anintersession reliability of 0.68 (Cronbach’s �).This evidence indicates that there is moderatereliability for the use of HFP to measureMPOD in preadolescent children. Thesefindings are important because they providepreliminary support for future studies thatwould aim to conduct noninvasiveassessments of retinal lutein and study itsassociation with cognitive performance inpreadolescent children.


Abstracts

� Maternal nutrition programsphysiological consequences throughepigenetics in animal models

Yuan-Xiang Pan, Ph.D.Department of Food Science and HumanNutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences,Illinois Informatics Institute (I3), Universityof Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

AbstrACt: Dietary disturbances during theperiod of gestation and lactation program theoffspring to have long-term physiological andpathological outcomes. As the western diethas become more and more prevalent andaccessible in the past decades, health issues ofconsuming this diet have been raised andbrought to public attention. In order tounravel the potential health risks andmechanisms underlying this phenomenon,animal studies utilizing a high fat dietarytreatment have been extensively conducted,revealing a multitude of biologicalconsequences for the offspring in sex-dependent manner and associated withregion-dependent histone modifications. Asthe prevalence of obesity increases,determining the mechanisms behind howhigh fat diet affects physiological changesmay become the key to its prevention. We arebeginning to gradually understand hownutrition and environment may influence notonly immediate outcomes, but also healththroughout the course of a person’s life.Understanding both the role of early life dietin the varying expression of a genome and

the role of epigenetics in the varyingresponses to diet are fundamental toimproving human health.

biogrAPHy: Dr. Yuan-Xiang Pan is anAssociate Professor in the Department ofFood Science and Human Nutrition (FSHN),a member of the Division of NutritionalSciences (DNS) and Illinois InformaticsInstitute (I3) at University of Illinois atUrbana-Champaign (UIUC), where he hasbeen a faculty member since 2006. Hegraduated with a B.S. degree in cell biologyfrom Lanzhou University and received bothhis M.S. and Ph.D. in Animal Nutrition fromVirginia Tech where he studied proteinmetabolism. He completed his postdoctoraltraining in nutritional control of mammaliangene expression in the Department ofBiochemistry and Molecular Biology at theUniversity of Florida, College of Medicine.Dr. Pan’s research investigates early nutritionprogramming with an emphasis onmolecular mechanisms of developmentalorigins of chronic diseases in offspring. Dr.Pan teaches several advanced nutrition classesto undergraduate and graduate students andhas been included on the “Incomplete List ofTeachers Ranked as Excellent by theirStudents” many times for different courses.Dr. Pan has over 50 peer-reviewedpublications and book chapters (h-index 34)and receives grant support from the NationalInstitutes of Health (NIH), the United StatesDepartment of Agriculture, and industry.

Abstracts and Biographies

Faculty Mini-Symposium “Nutritional Sciences: Impacting health at every age”


� Breastfeeding reduces circulatinginflammatory cytokines andinflammatory gene pathways in immunecells compared to formula-feeding in thefirst 6 months of life

Sharon M. Donovan, Ph.D., R.D.Department of Food Science and HumanNutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL

AbstrACt: Newborn infants possess afunctional, but immature immune system.Clinical and epidemiological observationsdocument differences in adaptive and innateimmune development between breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants, includingresponses to infection and vaccination andlong-term risk of autoimmune andinflammatory diseases. We hypothesized thatcirculating cytokines and immune cell geneexpression of BF infants would reflectfunctional differences in immune regulatorypathways compared to FF infants. Bloodsamples were obtained from BF (n=60) andthree sets of FF (n=186 total) infants at 1, 4and 6 mos of age as part of a clinical trial ininfants aimed at assessing how osteopontin(OPN) supplementation to formula impactsinfant growth and immune development.Cytokines were measured in serum usingELISAs. PBMC were isolated, RNA extractedand gene expression assessed using theAffymetrix HuGene 2.0ST gene chip. Toevaluate patterns of gene expression,Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis(WGCNA) was performed on 6,441 probesets with an overall 4x3 ANOVA FDR p-value<0.3. Analysis of gene functionpathways and networks was performed usingMetaCore. Differences in circulatingcytokines were observed, with lowerconcentrations of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α and IL-6), but higher concentrationsof cytokines involved in innate and adaptiveimmunity (IL-12 and IL-15). Approximately

700 genes were differentially expressed inimmune cells (PBMC) between BF and FFinfants. BF infants showed lower expressionof proinflammatory cytokine genes than FFinfants. BF infants also had lower expressionof IL-17, which is associated with allergicresponses. Genes that were expressed at ahigher level in BF vs FF included genescontrolling immune cell differentiation andtransforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β),which is important in immune suppressionand tolerance. These data support previousfindings of reduced proinflammatorycytokines in the serum of BF vs FF infants anddemonstrate for the first time distinct geneexpression profiles in immune cells from BFand FF infants in the first 6 months of life.Importantly, human milk feeding supports acytokine expression profile that favors abalanced immune response and reducedexpression of cytokines associated withinflammation and allergy. This research wassupported by Arla Foods Ingredients andBiosTime Inc. (Guangzhao, China). Ms.Kvistgaard is an employee of Arla. Drs.Donovan, Lönnerdal, and Peng have receivedgrant funding from Arla and have served aspaid consultants.

biogrAPHy: Sharon Donovan received herPh.D. in Nutrition from UC Davis andcompleted a postdoctoral fellowship atStanford University School of Medicine. Shejoined the Illinois faculty in 1991. Herlaboratory conducts basic and translationalresearch in the area of pediatric nutrition.On-going research is focusing on optimizingintestinal and cognitive development ofneonates, development of the gutmicrobiome and prevention of childhoodobesity and picky eating in children. She haspublished over 120 papers and receivesfunding from NIH, USDA, industry andfoundations. She was President of theAmerican Society for Nutrition (ASN) in2011-2012.


Abstracts

� Emerging adulthood: An opportunity toprevent chronic disease

Margarita Teran-Garcia, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Food Science and HumanNutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL

AbstrACt: College-aged youth are oftenneglected as a target population for long-terminterventions directed to obesity and chronicdisease prevention. However, prior to designprevention or lifestyle intervention strategies,it is essential that the risk factors thatcontribute to obesity and/or chronic diseasedevelopment within this distinctdemographic population are identified.Although the US historically has had thehighest prevalence of overweight and obesityin the world (70%), recently published ratesin Mexico surpass the US (72%). Hispanics,mainly of Mexican origin, represent thelargest minority group the US and the fastestgrowing ethnic group. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, children of Hispanic originin the US are more likely to be obese oroverweight (39% vs. 32%). The obesity-related burden is particularly elevated inHispanics (i.e. high prevalence of diabetes,dyslipidemia and hypertension). Obesity isthe result of complex interactions amongseveral factors, including geneticpredispositions, lifestyle, and psychosocialconditions. Therefore multidisciplinarycollaborations are needed to betterunderstand the origins of obesity and theassociations between obesity and health-related outcomes among Hispanics and otherpopulations. The UP AMIGOS team(Universities of Illinois and San Luis Potosi:A Multidisciplinary Investigation on Genetics,Obesity and Social-environment) is activelycontributing to this endeavor. We arebuilding an integrated set of research andoutreach projects focused on healthpromotion. Our aim is to develop tools toguide dietary intake based on individuallifestyle, risk factors and multiple geneticfactors that could contribute to chronicdisease prevention. This presentation willinclude new data on genetic andenvironmental determinants of obesity and

metabolic disease risk in young adults andprovide examples of opportunities forintervention.

biogrAPHy: Dr. Teran-Garcia was trainedas a pediatrician in Mexico, and obtained herPh.D. with a focus on nutrient-geneinteractions and lipogenesis at the Universityof Texas. During her postdoctoral training,Dr. Teran-Garcia acquired expertise in geneticepidemiology methods while she investigatedthe role of individual genotype incardiovascular and metabolic responses toexercise-training. Her current research focuseson genetic and environmental factorsinfluencing the development of obesity andrelated metabolic diseases. Dr. Teran-Garcialeads the “cell” component of twomultidisciplinary projects that are using a“Cell to Society” approach to collect primarylongitudinal data on weight status andweight-related health outcomes in children(STRONG KIDS) and college-age individuals(UP AMIGOS). The two projects are nowmerged into a transdisciplinary researchinitiative with the goal of identifying theimpact of genetic variation andenvironmental elements related to the risk ofobesity and obesity-related traits duringcritical periods of the life cycle (“GET UPKIDS” project). In addition, a newcollaboration with the bariatric center atCarle Foundation Hospital will investigatethe Outcomes of Weight Loss Surgery inIllinois (I-OWLS) in young adults. Allprojects are expanding our knowledge ofgene-environment interactions (dietary andexercise patterns), and psychosocial processesrelevant to improve weight management,obesity prevention and development ofobesity-related diseases. In addition toetiology, her research also exploresinequalities in dietary and environmentalexposures that may contribute to healthdisparities. Her long-term goal is to find earlydiagnostic biomarkers that will help in thedevelopment of effective and individualizedinterventions directed at preventingchildhood and adult obesity, and themorbidity due to obesity-related diseases,while making a significant positive impact onhealth and well-being.


� Nutrition and the older adult

Karen Chapman-Novakofski, R.D., LDN,Ph.D.Department of Food Science and HumanNutrition, Extension Specialist Nutrition,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

AbstrACt: Optimal nutrition in the olderadult is influenced both by the aging processand by the increased prevalence of chronicdisease. Most of my work with older adultshas related to bone health and diabetes. Thistalk will provide an overview of how theaging process influences both of thesediseases, and how nutritional needs changeas a result. Work that we have done inrelation to calcium and vitamin D in theolder adult will be presented, with adiscussion of future directions. Thechallenges of changing intake of bothnutrients is not only related to motivatingdietary change in the older adult, but also inidentifying and quantifying vitamin D andcalcium in food. Diabetes presents achallenge to the older adult in terms ofchanging food intake and understandinghealth care recommendations. Our work inthese areas will be presented, with an

emphasis on achieving desired outcomesthrough community-based interventions andonline. In addition, a recent research interesthas been acyl glycated end products (AGEs)and their relation to diabetes complications.Because longitudinal accumulation of AGEsin the body appear to be most deleterious,this has particular importance to the agingpopulation. Our research concerning AGEsimpact on diabetes-related complications willbe briefly presented, as well as our work ondeveloping a dietary AGEs screener.

biogrAPHy: Dr. Chapman-Novakofski isan internationally recognized expert in thearea of nutrition education, and hasspecifically addressed issues related to theolder adult, including osteoporosis anddiabetes. She has authored more than 200publications, and is a recognized speakernationally and internationally. She hasreceived many awards for her teaching,research and outreach, including theprestigious Excellence in Nutrition Educationaward from the American Society forNutrition. Prior to her academic career, Dr.Chapman-Novakofski was a research andnutrition support dietitian for a veteran’smedical center for 12 years, where her love ofworking with the elderly began.


ABSTRACTS

� Immunohistochemical detection of gut-brain-axis markers along the gastro-intestinal tract of formula-fed piglets

Kirsten Berding1, M. Wang2, M.H.Monaco2, B. Berg1,4, R. Waworuntu4, R.N.Dilger3, S.M. Donovan1,21Division of Nutritional Sciences, 2Food Scienceand Human Nutrition, 3Department of AnimalSciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; 4Mead JohnsonPediatric Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN

Intestinal neurotransmitters and hormonesmodulate neuronal signaling across the gut-brain-axis (GBA) and provide a meanswhereby dietary components and gutmicrobiota communicate with the brain toinfluence behavior and cognition. However,little is known about the expression of GBAmarkers in the neonatal gastrointestinal (GI)tract. Herein, regional differences in theexpression of serotonin (5’HT), tyrosinehydroxylase (TH), and vasoactive intestinalpeptide (VIP) were studied in pigs. Two-day-old, vaginally-delivered male pigs (n=24)were artificially-reared using milk replacercustomized to meet pigs nutrient requirements.On d31, duodenum (duo), ileum (ile) andascending colon (AC) samples were collected.Expression of 5’HT, VIP and TH were assessedby immunohistochemistry and confocalmicroscopy. Markers of the GBA wereexpressed as a proportion of either total cellnumber (5’HT) or area of positive staining inµm2 (TH and VIP). Ratios of 5’HT-to-enterochromaffin (EC) positive cells(P=0.02), 5’HT- (P<0.0001) and EC positive-to-total cell number (P=0.005) were higher inthe duo than all other regions. TH-positiveexpression tended to be higher (P=0.09) inthe duo than the ile. VIP-positive expressionin duo and ile was higher (P=0.003) than inthe AC. In conclusion, for the markersassessed herein, a proximal-to-distal gradientof GBA marker expression exists along the GItract of the pigs.

� Dietary sodium intake in maintenancehemodialysis patients by point ofpurchase and food category

Annabel Biruete1, B.M. Kistler2, K.Wiens2,P.J. Fitschen1, K.R. Wilund1, 21Division of Nutritional Sciences, 2Kinesiologyand Community Health, University of Illinoisat Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Dietary sodium (DS) restriction is animportant part of the diet of maintenancehemodialysis patients (MHD). Elevated DSintake has been associated with detrimentaleffects including higher fluid gains,intradialytic hypotension, and cardiovascularcomplications. However, little is known aboutthe dietary intake of MHD patients. Our goal,therefore, was to describe the dietary intake ofMHD patients and to examine majorcontributors to DS by point of purchase andfood category. Methods: MHD patients (n=60)were recruited. A total of four 24-dietary recallswere obtained per participant, two on adialysis day (DD) and two on a non-dialysisdays (NDD), using the USDA 5-pass method.Foods were entered into Nutritionist Pro andseparated by point of purchase (grocery store(GS), fast-food restaurants (FF), full-servicerestaurant (FS), other) and into 96-foodcategories from the 2003-2006 NHANES.Results: GS contributed 67% and FF almost20% of total DS. The major DS contributorswere condiments, sausage/bacon, cold cuts,and yeast breads, representing 36.8% of DSintake. Conclusion: Most of the DS came fromfoods purchased at GS. Registered Dietitiansmay benefit from spending added timefocusing on counseling MHD patients on fooditems that are major contributors to DS.

� Development and validation of a generalnutrition knowledge questionnaire foradults in Uganda

Richard Bukenya1, J. Muyonga2, and J.E.Andrade1

AbstractsGraduate Student Poster Session

U n i v e r s i t y o f i l l i n o i s 21ABSTRACTS

1Division of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana IL;2Department of Food Technology and HumanNutrition, Makerere University KampalaUganda

The framework and initial evaluation of ageneral nutrition knowledge questionnaire(GNKQ) for adults in Uganda are presented.METHODS. The GNKQ comprised of 59questions structured into demographics andsix constructs evaluating knowledge onrecommendations, food groups, foodchoices, nutrition and disease linkages, foodfortification, and sources of nutritioninformation. Five experts from the nutrition,health and education fields reviewed thesurvey online using Qualtrics. Questions wereevaluated on relevance, simplicity, ambiguityand clarity to the target population using a 1-4 Likert scale. Experts also commented onwording, foods covered, and current nutritionpolicies. RESULTS. The inter-rater reliability(Gwet’s AC1) was 0.75 (P<0.05) for therelevance of the whole GNKQ. Gwet’s AC1coefficients for relevance of the questions onrecommendations (0.6), food groups (0.81),food choices (0.62), and nutrition anddisease linkages (0.91) were high (P<0.05).Experts recommended addition of morequestions to the food fortification (0.23) andsources of nutrition information (0.7)constructs. CONCLUSION. Questions had“good” to “excellent” reliability agreementand were deemed relevant to evaluate generalnutrition knowledge. Reviews are necessary toimprove clarity of questions. Uponvalidation, the GNKQ will be used toevaluate nutrition knowledge in Uganda.

� Impact of dietary broccoli on liver cancerin B6C3F1 male mice fed a Western diet

Yung-Ju Chen1, M.A. Wallig2, E.H. Jeffery11Department of Food Science and HumanNutrition, 2Department of Pathobiology,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL

Westernized eating habits are highly associatedwith the prevalence of obesity. Obesity andrelated inflammation aggravate several chronicdiseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver

disease (NAFLD) and liver cancer. The studywas aimed to determine if long-term dietarybroccoli can inhibit liver cancer developmentin mice receiving a Western diet. Male B6C3F1mice were divided into 4 groups (n=18) andfed: control (AIN-93 M), 10% broccoli,Western (45% fat, 40.3% CHO and 14.7%protein by calories) or Western + 10% broccolidiets starting at 5 weeks of age. After 1 week,mice were treated with 45 mg/kg diethylnitro -samine (DEN; n=12/group) or saline(n=6/group) once per week for 6 weeks. Micewere killed 6 months after the last DENtreatment. Data were analyzed using 3-wayanalysis of variance. Results show that theWestern diet increased body weight(P<0.0001), % liver weight (P<0.01), plasmaalanine aminotransferase (ALT; P<0.01),NAFLD score (P<0.05), total liver triglyceride(TLTG; P<0.0001), visible liver nodule number(P<0.0001) and size (P<0.01). Inclusion ofbroccoli in the diet decreased plasma ALT(P<0.0001), NAFLD score (P<0.0001), TLTG(P<0.001) and visible liver nodule number(P<0.01) in both control- and Western-fedmice. We conclude that dietary broccoliprotects against Western diet-enhancedNAFLD and liver cancer. [Support:5RO3CA162539 to EHJ]

� Low-lycopene tomato powder altersprostate biology in TRAMP mice

Lauren E. Conlon1, M. Wallig1, 2, J.W.Erdman Jr.1, 31Division of Nutritional Sciences, 2College ofVeterinary Medicine, 3Department of FoodScience and Human Nutrition, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL

The Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of theMouse Prostate (TRAMP) model developsand progresses through all stages ofcarcinogenesis. We, (Zuniga et al., CancerPrev. Res. 2013) previously demonstrated ahigh lycopene tomato powder (TP) waseffective in reducing carcinogenesis in theTRAMP model. The objective of the currentstudy was to determine if a low-lycopene TP(20 fold less than previously tested) impactedcarcinogenesis and androgen biology at 3time points. 8-week-old male C57BL/6 X FVBTRAMP mice were randomized to consume


ABSTRACTS

either an AIN-93G + 10% TP diet (N=90) orthe AIN-93G control diet (N=88) andassigned to one of three sacrifice ages: 12(N=59), 16 (N=60), or 20 (N=59) weeks.There was no difference between diets inoverall cancer incidence at each time point.TP significantly increased serum testosterone(p=0.01) and expression of prostaticandrogen receptor in high-grade PIN lesions(p=0.01) at 20 weeks of age compared to thecontrol, suggesting an interaction betweentomato components and androgen status inpre-neoplastic prostate tissue. The resultssuggest that lycopene content of TP is acrucial modulator of PCa in TRAMP mice. Wehave shown that a low-lycopene TP isineffective in reducing carcinogenesis in theTRAMP model. [Support: USDA Hatch grant#ILLU-971-348 and UIUC Margin of ExcellenceResearch award]

� A systematic literature review ofnutrition-related mobile apps

Kristen N. DiFilippo¹, W. Huang², J. E.Andrade1,3 K. M. Chapman-Novakofski1,31Division of Nutritional Sciences,2Department of Education Policy,Organization and Leadership, 3Department ofFood Science and Human Nutrition,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL

The use of mobile apps to deliver nutritionconcepts to a wide range of audience israpidly increasing. This systematic review wasaimed at evaluating whether the use ofnutrition mobile apps among healthy adultsresults in improved outcomes, includingknowledge and behavior, compared to othereducational interventions. Search terms:app(s), cellular phone, iPads, mobile phone,mobile telephone, smart phone, mobile,mHealth with diet, food and nutrition asqualifiers. Excluded were studies on appdevelopment, user satisfaction, feasibility,text messaging, digital photography, Internet,children or disease, or those not includingapps or nutrition. Initial search (2008-2013)resulted in 12,010 (PubMed), 260 (CINAHL)and 4,762 (Web of Science) articles. Thesewere reduced to four after reviewing titles andabstracts. Whole article quality evaluation

using the AND Evidence Analysis Manualresulted in positive quality ratings given tothree articles, where one reported knowledgeoutcomes (non-significant). Articles includedsuggested an advantage of app use on weightloss, increased adherence to diet monitoring(P<0.001), and decreased efforts to continuediet without app (P=0.024). Only few studieshave systematically investigated the role ofapps in nutrition education, which warrantsfurther research.

� Dietary supplementation with quercetinrejuvenates cognitive performanceindependent of adult hippocampalneurogenesis

Kristy Du1,2, S.D. Perez2, P. Kozak2, A.Sheriff2, J.H. Baxter3, R. Vazhappilly3, andJ.S. Rhodes1,21Division of Nutritional Sciences, 2BeckmanInstitute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; 3Abbott Nutrition,Columbus, OH

Nutritional supplementation with quercetin,phosphatidylserine-docosahexaenoic acid(PS-DHA) compound, CDP-choline(citicholine), 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHF), and α-tocopherol have beensuggested to ameliorate cognitive aging, butmechanisms are not known. The objective ofthis study was to measure the effect of thesemicronutrients on adult hippocampalneurogenesis and cognitive performance in amouse model. Aged female and maleC57BL/6J mice 18 months old were fed 8different treatment diets for 4 months, beforebeing tested on a battery of cognitivebehavioral tasks. The 8 treatment diets (n=10males and 10 females per group) were: 1)control (AIN93M), 2) 50% deficient invitamins and minerals, 3) 150% elevatedvitamins and minerals, 4) low dose ofquercetin, 5) high dose of quercetin, 6) PS-DHA, 7) a combined supplement ofCDP-choline, 5-MTHF, and α-tocopherol, and8) a diet containing all mentionedsupplements. Animals were euthanized at theend of the study to quantify numbers of newneurons by immunohistochemical detectionof doublecortin (dcx). Young (2 months old)mice were also measured without dietary


manipulation to serve as a reference for theaging-induced decline in the outcomemeasures. Quercetin significantly rejuvenatedcognitive performance on the active avoidancelearning and memory task, and the effect wasenhanced when combined with the othermicronutrients. No differences in number ofdcx-positive cells were observed. Resultsconfirm pro-cognitive effects of quercetin inan aging population, but mechanisms appearindependent of adult hippocampalneurogenesis and remain unknown.

� Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate(HMB) clearance in hemodialysispatients

Peter J. Fitschen1, A. Biruete1, B.M. Kistler2,J.H. Jeong2, and K.R. Wilund1,2 1Division of Nutritional Sciences,2Departement of Kinesiology and CommunityHealth, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is ametabolite of the amino acid leucine that hasbeen shown to attenuate muscle loss incatabolic populations, but has not beenstudied in hemodialysis (HD) patients.Approximately 20 percent of supplementalHMB is cleared by the kidney in healthyadults; however, the clearance in HD patientsis unknown. HD patients (n=8) were recruitedfrom dialysis clinics in Champaign, IL. Onday 1, blood was obtained at 0 and 3hrs intoa standard HD treatment. One week later,patients consumed 3g HMB at the beginningof HD treatment. Blood was obtained at 0, 1,2, 3, 4, and 48 hours, as well as 7 days later.Plasma HMB was analyzed by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry. Basalplasma HMB concentrations were reduced byapproximately 50 percent during a standardHD treatment. After HMB consumption,plasma concentrations peaked at 3 hrs anddecreased to approximately 5 percent of peakvalues within 48 hours. This clearanceprimarily occurred between dialysis sessionsand without significant kidney function.Plasma HMB returned to baselineconcentrations by day 7 in all patients. Theseresults suggest that supplemental HMB iscleared in HD patients. We are currently

performing a double-blind placebo-controlledmulti-site clinical trial investigating the effectsof 6 months of daily HMB supplementationon lean mass, strength, physical function, andquality of life in HD patients.

� Maternal high fat diet-induced Il-12boverexpression in male offspring rats isassociated with DNA hypomethylation

Diego Hernández-Saavedra1, D. Zhou2,Y.X. Pan1,21Division of Nutritional Sciences,2Department of Food Science and HumanNutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Both developmental and postnatal exposure toa high-fat diet has been linked to thedevelopment and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), acondition characterized by an increase ininflammatory cytokine release fromhepatocytes and resident macrophages (MΦ).This activates the innate immune system andleads to MΦ polarization from a phagocyticphenotype towards a pro-inflammatoryresponse (M1), with MΦ interleukin-12b(IL12b) as the specific marker of theinflammatory hepatic milieu. To determinethe dietary regulation of the pro-inflammatoryswitch in liver by a maternal and/or post -weaning HF diet, female Sprague-dawley ratswere fed maternally with either a control (C)or high-fat diet (HF). At weaning, male pupswere assigned to either the HF or C diet, whichgenerated four groups with distinct HF dietaryexposures: control (C/C), maternal (HF/C),postweaning (C/HF), and lifelong (HF/HF).All HF groups had increased steatosis andactivation of the innate immunity inresponse to a HF. The hepatic mRNAexpression of the Il12b gene was increased inall HF groups. This increase was correlatedwith marked DNA hypomethyl ation withinthe coding region flanking a CpG islandidentified using MeDIP-seq technology. Weconclude that maternal high fat exposureregulates hepatic pro-inflammatory switch ofthe innate immune system possibly throughlong lasting changes in DNA methylation inmale offspring, and thus contributes to theinitiation and progression of NAFLD.


ABSTRACTS

� Impact of the dietary lipid matrix onneurodevelopmental patterns of thepiglet

Reeba M. Jacob1, A.T. Mudd2, M.S.Conrad2, C.S. Lai3 , R.N. Dilger1,21Division of Nutritional Sciences,2Department of Animal Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL;3Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories,Columbus, OH

Using the piglet as a biomedical model, weassessed the impact of dietary fat compositionon postnatal neurodevelopment. Two-day oldpiglets (n=9-10/treatment, 1.5 ± 0.2 kg initialBW) were fed 1 of 4 isocaloric dietarytreatments: T1, artificially-reared (AR) controlformula; T2, T1 + 45% total dietary fatreplaced with pre-digested fat (PDF); T3, T2 +novel lipid blend; T4: sow-reared (SR)control. At conclusion of the 25-d study, pigswere subjected to MRI procedures to assessbrain structure. Overall, SR pigs exhibitedhigher (P < 0.05) BW gain and whole-brainweights compared with AR treatments.Diffusion tensor imaging revealed that SR pigshad greater (P < 0.05) average whole-brainfractional anisotropy (FA) values comparedwith all AR treatments, suggesting differencesin the degree of myelination. Hippocampaltissue analysis revealed neutral lipid DHAconcentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in T3-fed pigs compared with T1-fed and SR pigs.Hippocampal phospholipid DHAconcentrations of T2- or T3-fed pigs wereintermediate to T1-fed and SR pigs. Overall,these results suggest similarities inmyelination and diffusion rate along andacross axonal fibers of the internal capsule inT3-fed pigs compared with SR pigs, andreplacing part of formula triacylglycerols withPDF + novel lipid blend may elicit preferentialaccretion of brain DHA due to compositionalmanipulations of the lipid matrix.

� Fermented berry beverage phenolicsreduce fat mass and fasting bloodglucose in high-fat fed mice

Michelle H. Johnson and E.G. de MejiaDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

The objective was to determine the potentialof phenolic compounds from a fermented30:70% blueberry-blackberry beverage toreduce obesity and hyperglycemia in threeweek old male diet-induced obese C57BL/6jmice. Mice (n= 12/group) were randomizedinto six groups to drink: an alcohol-freefermented beverage (AFFB) containing 65.1 ±1.6 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G)equivalents/L, three doses of a phenolic extractfrom AFFB: 6.4 (0.1x), 59.6 (1x) and 192.4(3x) mg C3G eq./L, sitagliptin (30 mg/kgBW/d), or water. After a week, mice started a60% fat diet. The BW/food intake ratio andsucrose consumption were similar (p > 0.05).After 3 weeks of treatment, all groups hadfasting blood glucose (FBG) above 126 mg/dL.At the end of the study (week 12), FBG for 1xand 3x groups was significantly lower (168and 184 mg/dL, respectively) than the water(222 mg/dL), and the sitagliptin group (217mg/dL, p < 0.05). Mice in the 3x group hadthe lowest body weight gain (10.3 ± 0.3 g) andthe water group the most weight gain (16.7 ±1.2 g, p < 0.05), which was attributed to a gainin fat mass (18.0 ± 0.8 % BW for 3x vs. 31.3 ±1.1 % BW for water) and correlated withvisceral fat (0.8 ± 0.1 g for 3x vs. 2.4 ± 0.2 g forwater), while absolute lean mass did not differ(p > 0.05). Overall, phenolic compounds,mainly anthocyanins, from a fermentedblueberry-blackberry beverage reduced BWgain, fat mass accumulation, and FBG in diet-induced obese mice.

� Maternal high fat programs hepatic Il-6expression through differential DNAmethylation in male pups

Adam Kriska, H. Wang, H. Chen, Y.X. PanDepartment of Food Science and HumanNutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Environmental stressors such as dietary highfat (HF) are known to disrupt maternalprogramming, which leads to metabolicdisorders in the offspring later in life. Maternalhigh-fat diet leads to chronic inflammationwhich stimulates a hepatic inflammatoryresponse characterized by higher circulatinglevels of Interleukin-6 (Il-6), thus compromis -ing the functions of hepatocytes. The aim of


our study was to examine the programmingeffect of maternal high fat diet on the Il-6gene. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fedwith either control (C) or HF diet and afterweaning, the pups were given either C or HFdiet, generating the four groups of rats oncontrol diet (C/C), maternal high-fat (HF/C),prenatal high-fat (HF/C), and lifelong high-fatdiets (HF/HF). mRNA expression analysisshowed a significant increase on hepatic Il-6 inHF/C and HF/HF groups, compared to C/C.Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitationanalysis showed a marked reduction of methy -lation between exons 2 and 4 of the Il-6 genein HF/C and HF/HF. The hypomethylation ofthese regions of the gene is correlated with theincrease in gene expression. This study demon -strates a maternal effect on the epigenetic pro- gramming in pup’s hepatic pro-inflammatoryresponse, through DNA hypomethyation ofelements within the Il-6 gene, which in turnpromotes the deterioration of hepatic function.

� Postnatal iron deficiency impairs whitematter development in neonatal piglets

Brian J. Leyshon, R.W. JohnsonDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalentmicronutrient deficiency, affecting approxi -mately 2 billion people worldwide and 40%of children in developing countries. This isgrave, as studies link ID in early life withpoorer cognition, reduced attention, andincreased sensory latencies. Additionalresearch is needed to understand how IDaffects brain development. The present studyexamined the effects of ID on braindevelopment in a translational neonatal pigletmodel. The hypothesis was that postnatal IDwould alter brain development, particularlyby reducing white matter (WM) integrity.Artificially reared piglets were fed either an IDor iron adequate milk replacer from 2-28 d ofage and were then subjected to magneticresonance imaging to assess brain macro -structure (T1 MP RAGE), microstructure(diffusion tensor imaging; DTI), andneurochemistry (MR spectroscopy). Voxel-based morphometry revealed widespreaddecreases in WM in ID piglets, including areas

of the hippocampus and corpus callosum. InID piglets, gray matter volume decreased inthe thalamus, prefrontal cortex and parietallobe, and increased in the olfactory bulbs andhippocampus. DTI showed reduced fractionalanisotropy in ID piglets, suggesting a decreasein WM integrity. No changes were found inbrain metabolites. These results indicatepostnatal ID affects both macrostructural andmicrostructural brain development,particularly in WM.

� Differences in utilized mealtimestrategies between home-and center-based daycare providers and parents

Virginia Luchini, S.Y. Lee, S.M. DonovanDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

It is estimated that one-third of children underage 5 are enrolled in daycare where they areusually served at least 1 meal per day. Thoughmillions of children attend daycare, little isknown about the mealtime strategies used atdaycare and whether those differ fromstrategies used at home. Herein, differences inutilized mealtime strategies between parentsand daycare providers were investigated.Families of 3-5 year old children enrolled inhome-based (HBDC; n=25) or center-based(CBDC; n=26) daycare and the care providerswere recruited. Parents completed the ParentMealtime Survey and daycare providerscompleted the Teacher Mealtime Survey, whichcontained the same 14 mealtime strategies.Parents and providers were asked to rate howoften each strategy was used on a 1-5 scalefrom always to never. Responses weredichotomized into Yes (1-3)/No (4-5) responsecategories. Chi-square analysis revealed that 6mealtime strategies differed (p<0.05) betweenparents and daycare providers, 2 differed(p<0.05) between HBDC providers and HBDCparents, and 8 differed (p<0.05) betweenCBDC providers and CBDC parents. Thus,children are exposed to different mealtimestrategies in daycare and home environments.Preschool is an important time for establishinglife-long eating behaviors. Inconsistentmessages around mealtimes between daycareand home may detrimentally impact foodacceptance and mealtime behaviors.

� Nutrition environment surveydevelopment for elementary schoolsettings

Natalie M. Masis, S.L. Johnson, J.McCaffrey, K. Chapman-NovakofskiDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL;University of Colorado Anschutz MedicalCampus; University of Illinois Extension

To address childhood overweight,interventions have targeted the schoolenvironment. These may include school mealofferings, nutrition education, or healthyeating promotions involving school staffworkers. Resources, barriers and perceivedbenefits of interventions can impact theiradoption. With no current reliable survey tomeasure all these variables, our objective wasto create a survey that allows for baselinenutrition environment assessment ofelementary schools in order to design andevaluate healthy interventions. Surveys weredeveloped for elementary school principals,teachers, community workers/healtheducators, and food service directors/managers. After exemption by the IRB, a panelof reviewers were identified to cover thebreadth of occupations and perspectives (n=7)for content and face validity. Feedback fromindividual panel members was gatheredthrough interview and written comments. TheFood Service Manager and Teacher surveychanges primarily reflected changes in federalor local health policies or food procurement/service refinement. Overall, development of abaseline survey that assesses the nutritionenvironment, policies, and nutritioneducation may help researchers, public healthofficials, and school workers have afoundation for planning and evaluatinghealthy environmental changes in elementaryschool settings.

� Effects of text messaging healthinterventions on college-aged Latinos

Ramona I. Montez, A. WileyDepartment of Human and CommunityDevelopment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Due to rising rates of obesity and the trend ofunhealthy eating patterns, dietaryintervention is needed in the Latinocommunity. Intervention by mobile phone isa relatively new, but potentially effectivemethod. Latinos between the ages of 18-25are a very attractive target audience formobile phone intervention since they are at ahighly transitional stage of life. The objectivewas to make subjects more aware of—andhopefully improve—their unhealthy dietaryhabits such as not drinking enough water, noteating breakfast regularly, and not eating therecommended amounts of vegetables andfruits. Subjects were young adults betweenthe ages of 18 and 25 years (n=25). Apreliminary survey was sent out to 5randomly chosen subjects to find out abouttheir communication/texting preferences andcapabilities. After collecting the 26 subjects, apre-survey was sent out to ask more in-depthquestions about their eating and healthhabits. This survey was also used to collectphone numbers and service carriers. Afterreceiving phone numbers, 2-3 text messages aday for five consecutive weekdays weredelivered. A post-survey was then sent outand collected to find out what the subjectsthought of the texting service. The onlystatistically significant finding was thedecrease in fast food consumption (p = 0.02).Variables such as consumption of water,breakfast, fruits, and vegetables had nosignificant changes. The decrease in fast foodconsumption is a very promising sign for thisstudy, given that the intervention took placeover five days.

� Hippocampal metabolites correlate withneuroimaging outcomes in the piglet

Austin T. Mudd1, L.S. Alexander1, B.M.Berg1, 2, R. Waworuntu2, S.M. Donovan1,R.N. Dilger11University of Illinois, Urbana, IL; 2MeadJohnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN

By combining magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and metabolomic profiling techniques,our objective was to elucidate relationshipsbetween brain structure and hippocampalmetabolites in the piglet. Two-day-old, malepiglets (n=24) were artificially reared by


ABSTRACTS

feeding a custom milk replacer formulated tomeet piglet nutrient requirements. MRIprocedures were performed at 30 d of age, andbrain tissue was collected 24 h post-MRI formetabolomic and lipodomic profiling ofhippocampal tissue. Analysis of MRI data in19 brain regions yielded microstructuraldetails of water movement in the brain asmeasured by diffusion tensor fractionalanisotropy (FA), and radial (RD), axial (AD),and mean (MD) diffusivities. Comparison offatty acids in n-3, n-6, and n-9 categories withMRI measures yielded correlations (P < 0.05)in 150 of 2726, 162 of 3596, and 129 of 2494possible outcomes, respectively.Neuroimaging outcomes that were highlycorrelative across fatty acid categoriesincluded MD, RD, and AD in the internalcapsule and right hippocampus, suggestingongoing myelination. Nervonic acid, a fattyacid known to be prevalent at peakmyelination, was correlated with 26 of 58total outcomes, further supporting the linkbetween metabolism and neurodevelopment.The significant correlations betweenmetabolic and structural outcomes in thebrain emphasize targets whereby dietarymanipulation may alter neurodevelopmentalpatterns. [Support: Mead Johnson Nutrition]

� A novel neonatal feeding intolerance andnecrotizing enterocolitis risk scoring toolis easy to use and valued by nursing staff

Jane K. Naberhuis1, C.M. Wetzel2, K.A.Tappenden11Division of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL;2Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CarleFoundation Hospital, Urbana, IL

Consistency in nursing assessments mayfacilitate improved outcomes for preterminfants, who are at increased risk ofdeveloping feeding intolerance (FI) andnecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Objective:Develop an easy to use scoring tool valued bynurses to predict FI/NEC. Methods: FollowingInstitutional Review Board (IRB) approval, anovel risk scoring nursing tool wasimplemented in a University of Illinois-affiliated 48-bed level III neonatal intensivecare unit. Data was collected from all preterm

infants with parental consent from August2013 to July 2014. Scoring accuracy, ease ofuse, and nurses’ attitudes toward the tool wereassessed at the study site and by evaluators atthe 2013 National Association of NeonatalNurses (NANN) conference. Results: Studysite nurses scored 241 tools on the 89enrolled infants. Twenty-three tools (9.5%)contained errors. Mean study site ease of use,on a scale from 1 (very difficult) to 10 (veryeasy) was 8.1 (SD 2.2), and 100% of study sitenurses responded “yes” when asked whetherthe scoring tool raised their awareness of riskfactors that contribute to FI/NEC. Ninetypercent of NANN attendees “agreed” or“strongly agreed” that the tool addressedimportant gaps of knowledge within the fieldof neonatal nursing. Conclusion: The tool iseasy to use and valued by nurses. Ongoingrefinement and validation will improve itsaccuracy and predictive utility.

� Do grocery store tours prepareconsumers to adopt healthy purchasingbehaviors? A systematic review ofevidence

Cassandra J. Nikolaus, S.M. Nickols-RichardsonDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

The purpose of this systematic review was toevaluate research concerning grocery storetours to assess their efficacy as a nutritioneducation medium. Online databases weresearched with varying combinations ofpredetermined keywords. Bibliographies ofrelevant articles were manually searched andrecent citations of the relevant articles werealso evaluated. Inclusion criteria were appliedand data extracted from studies that metcriteria. Quality analyses and designclassifications were conducted for eachincluded article. Of the 10 studies included, 7had “D” class designs (non-controlled trials).Two studies included primarily women, 2studies included primarily children, 1 studyhad primarily men, and 4 did not includeany descriptive characteristics aboutparticipants. Of the 6 studies that evaluatedbehavior change, all reported positive results.Knowledge was assessed in 5 studies and


positive results were reported in 3. No studiesevaluated knowledge or behavior outcomesbeyond three months post-lesson. Grocerystore tours needs more evidentiary support toverify their efficacy impacting healthbehaviors. Future research should utilizestronger study designs. Knowledge andbehavior should not only be assessed pre andpost-lesson but also at least six months afterthe lesson to see if any knowledge is retainedand if behavior changes are maintained.

� Effects of a high-protein, high-fiber dieton weight loss, voluntary physicalactivity, body composition, and serumchemistry profiles in overweight cats

Marissa R. Pallotto1, 2, M.R.C. de Godoy2,P.R. Buff3, and K.S. Swanson1,21Division of Nutritional Sciences,2Department of Animal Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL;3The Nutro Company, Franklin, TN

Obesity is a major nutritional disorder in catsand is associated with several comorbiditiesand reduced life span. The objectives of thisstudy were to determine the effects of feedinga high-protein, high-fiber diet on weight loss,physical activity levels, body composition,and serum chemistry profiles in overweightcats. During a 4-wk baseline period, 8 adultneutered male cats (mean BCS=7.6/9) werefed to maintain BW. For 18 wk followingbaseline, cats were fed to lose weight at a rateof ~1.5% BW/wk. Daily food intake, twice-weekly BW, and weekly BCS were recorded.As expected, BW and BCS decreased (P<0.05)over time. The NRC maintenance energyrequirement (MER) for overweight cats is130(BWkg

0.40). In comparison, the meanMER during baseline in our study was104(BWkg

0.40). During wk 1-4, 5-8, and 9-18,the energy levels to sustain weight loss were76%, 64%, and 58% of MER=104(BWkg

0.40),respectively. Body fat percentage decreased(P<0.001), while lean mass percentageincreased (P<0.0001) over time. Mean dailyactivity tended to be higher (P=0.061) at wk12 vs. wk 0. The light:dark ratio of activitywas increased (P<0.05) at wk 18. Bloodtriglycerides were decreased (P< 0.05) withweight loss. In conclusion, restricted feeding

of a high-protein, high-fiber diet is a safe andeffective means for weight loss in cats. Basedon our data, the current MER estimates forcats appear to be too high and should bereconsidered.

� α2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein(AHSG) polymorphism and HOMA-IR inyoung Mexican adults

Katie N. Robinson1, C. Marques1, F.C.D.Andrade2, C. Aradillas-Garcia3, M. Teran-Garcia1, 4. 1Division of Nutritional Sciences,2Department of Human and CommunityDevelopment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; 3UniversidadAutonoma de San Luis Potosi (UASLP),Mexico; 4Food Science and Human Nutrition,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL

Circulating AHSG binds saturated fatty acids(SFA) and increases pro-inflammatory signalcascade via toll-like-4 receptor activation. Thegene-nutrient interaction between SFA intakeand polymorphisms in AHSG couldcontribute to the physiopathology ofMetabolic Syndrome (MetS). We aim toidentify if variations in AHSG relate tobiomarkers of metabolic disease and SFAintake. Subjects were college applicants to theUASLP (18-25 years, n=414). Fasting bloodwas collected for analysis of biomarkers andgenotyping. Dietary and health surveys werecollected. HOMA-IR was calculated usingglucose and insulin levels. Two singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AHSGwere genotyped (rs2518136 and rs4917).Both SNPs were in HWE and had minorallele frequencies greater than 10%. MeanHOMA-IR was lower in AHSG-rs2518136 T-allele carriers when compared to non-carriers(P<0.05, respectively). There was nointeraction with AHSG SNPs and SFA intake.Neither SNPs were associated with BMI.Lower triglycerides values were observed inAHSG-rs4917 C-allele carriers compared tonon-carriers (P<0.05). AHSG polymorphismswere associated with HOMA-IR, suggesting apossible link to insulin resistance. Ourfindings suggest that individual and ethnicvariations in the AHSG genotypes might


ABSTRACTS

contribute to obesity-related phenotypes andits comorbidities. [Support: USDA 2011-67001-3010, NIFA #600109-698000-698354 andACES FIRE grant]

� Development of a murine model ofchemobrain to evaluate the efficacy ofnutritional intervention

Andrew A. Sheriff1, T.K. Bhattacharya1,J.H. Baxter2, R. Vazhappilly2, E.J. Roy3, J.S.Rhodes1,4, W.G. Helferich4,51Beckman Institute, University of Illinois atUrbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; 2AbbottNutrition, Columbus, OH; 3Department ofPathology, 4Division of Nutritional Sciences,5Department of Food Science and HumanNutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Chemobrain refers to long-lasting deficits incognitive performance resulting fromchemotherapy. Objective evidence forchemobrain is mixed and mechanismsunknown. One leading hypothesis is that thechemotherapeutic agents cross the blood-brain barrier and reduce the progenitor cellpopulation in the hippocampus, a criticalregion for learning and memory thatcontinues to generate new neuronsthroughout life. The purpose of this studywas to first determine whether a reliablebehavioral deficit can be found in mice inresponse to administration of thechemotherapeutic agents standardly used totreat breast cancer in humans, and secondwhether a nutritional intervention couldameliorate those deficits in association withincreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Mice received doxorubicin (IV, 4mg/kg),cyclophosphamide (IP, 80mg/kg) and 5-fluorauracil (IP, 40mg/kg) and were injectedwith bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50mg/kg) tolabel dividing cells. Following recovery fromthe chemotherapy, mice received interventiondiets containing fish oil rich in omega-3 & 6fatty acids or a standard control diet.Behavioral performance on a battery oflearning and memory tasks was conducted atthe end of the study to determine whetherchemobrain can be detected in the task andwhether it can be ameliorated from thenutritional intervention. Chemotherapy was

correlated with impaired performance on theMorris water maze and a reduction inhippocampal neurogenesis. These deficitswere not ameliorated from the dietaryinterventions. Results suggest reliablebehavioral and neurological deficits can befound from chemotherapy using our mousemodel but that an alternative dietaryintervention will be needed to reverse thesedeficits.

� Diet-gene interaction in arachidonic(ARA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acidsynthesis shows compensatoryupregulation

Hang Su, D. Zhou, Y.X. Pan and M.T.Nakamura Food Science and Human Nutrition,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL

ARA and DHA share the same syntheticpathway. FADS2 encodes the 1st step of thesynthesis in mammals. Minor alleles of SNPin the human FADS2 region are associatedwith low serum ARA and DHA, indicatinglow capacity of synthesis. Fads2+/+ (WT) andFads2+/- (HET) mice were fed one of thefollowing for 3 months (n=6 each): 7% fatfrom flaxseed oil + canola oil (FCO), soybeanoil (SO) or corn oil (CO) with LA/ALA at 1/1,7/1 and 44/1, respectively. In WT liver, Fads2,Fads1 and Elovl2 mRNA was higher in COthan in FCO and SO. The same dietary effectswere observed on Fads1 and Elovl2 mRNA inHET liver, whereas Fads2 mRNA was abouthalf of that in WT in both HET liver andbrain. Fads1 mRNA was higher in HET liverthan in WT when fed FCO or SO. In both WTand HET, ARA in liver and gastrocnemiusmuscle of CO was more than 2X comparedwith FCO, whereas brain ARA and DHA weresimilar in all dietary groups. Althoughgenotypes showed little effects on tissue ARA,20:3 n6 was consistently lower in HETcompared to WT in all tissues. The geneexpression of inflammatory cytokines, IL1B,IL6 and TNF�, was unaffected by either dietsor genotypes in liver and brain. Thesefindings suggest that high dietary LA/ALAgreatly increased the tissue ARA in bothgenotypes most likely due to high substrate



ABSTRACTS

as well as the compensatory induction ofsynthetic pathway to maintain DHAsynthesis. In HET, compensatory induction ofdownstream Fads1 maintained tissue ARAand DHA close to WT.

� Sulforaphane reduces inflammatory geneexpression in microglia from aged mice

Brigitte E. Townsend, J. L. Rytych, R. W.JohnsonDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Heightened microglial activation duringnormal aging is associated with increasedinflammation and oxidative stress, behavioraland cognitive impairment, and risk ofneurodegenerative disease. The nuclear factorE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway inducesantioxidant response element (ARE) genesthat regulate oxidative stress. Here, brainCD11b+ microglial cells isolated from youngadult and aged mice were used to investigate

the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), a Nrf2-inducing bioactive, on ARE andinflammatory gene expression associatedwith increased age. We hypothesized that SFNwould upregulate ARE genes and attenuateelevated proinflammatory cytokineexpression in microglia from aged mice. Insupport of our hypothesis, SFN upregulatedARE genes NAD(P)H dehydrogenase,quinone 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1(HMOX1), and glutamate-cysteine ligase,modifier subunit (GCLM) primary microglia.Microglia from aged mice had higherexpression of interleukin (IL-)1β, IL-6, andinducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) thanmicroglia from young adult mice, and SFNreduced IL-1β and iNOS. Taken togetherthese data indicate that SFN is a potentialtherapeutic supplement that may bebeneficial for reducing microglia-mediatedneuroinflammation and oxidative stressassociated with aging. [Support: NIHRO1AG16710]

U n i v e r s i t y o f i l l i n o i s 31Poster Session Floor PlanN

atalieM

asisVirginiaLuchini

Brian

LeyshonA

ustinM

uddPet

erFi

tsch

enM

iche

lleJo

hnso

n

Kris

ten

DiF

ilipp

oLa

uren

Con

lon

Yung

-Ju

Che

nR

icha

rdB

uken

ya

Jane

Naberh

uis

BrigitteTownsend

MarissaPallotto

HangS

u

CassandraN

ikolaus

Podium

Table

HeritageRoom

RamonaMontez

Ree

baJa

cob

Sims ExecutiveConference Room

Katie

Robinson

Andrew

Sheriff

KirstenBerding

AnnabelBiruete

Adam

Kriska

KristyD

u

N

Poster Judges

Orange TeamDr. De Lisio (captain) Dr. StravkovskyDr. Khan

Green TeamDr. Teran-Garcia (captain)Dr. AkbarDr. Radlowski

Blue TeamDr. Stein (captain)Dr. HolscherDr. Barnes

Red TeamDr. Pan (captain)Dr. MunDr. Pence

Die

goH

erná

ndez

-S

aave

dra

Nutrition SymposiumPoster Session

ACES Library, 1st FloorHeritage Room and Sims Executive Conference RoomThursday, March 19, 20155:15 p.m. – 6:40 p.m.

32

Presenting Author Index

Presenting Author Index

Berding, K. ......................................................20

Biruete, A. ........................................................20

Bukenya, R. ........................................................20

Chen, Y. ..............................................................21

Cole, N.C. ..........................................................14

Conlon, L.E. ......................................................21

DiFilippo, K.N...................................................22

Du, K.................................................................22

Fitschen, P.J.......................................................23

Hernández-Saavedra, D. ..................................23

Jacob, R.M. ......................................................24

Johnson, M.H...................................................24

Kriska, A. ............................................................24

Leyshon, B.J. ......................................................25

Luchini, V...........................................................25

Liu, T.-W. ............................................................15

Masis, N.M.........................................................26

McCorkle, S.M. ..................................................15

Montez, R.I. ......................................................26

Mudd, A.T. ........................................................26

Naberhuis, J.K. ..................................................27

Nikolaus, C.J.....................................................27

Panasevich, M.R. ..............................................12

Pallotto, M.R.....................................................28

Robinson, K.N...................................................28

Sheriff, A.A.........................................................29

Smith, J.W. ........................................................14

Su, H...................................................................29

Townsend, B.E. ..................................................30

Wang, A.A. ........................................................13

Wolf, P.G. ........................................................12

Zamroziewicz, M.K. ..........................................13

Winners of the 2014 University of Illinois Nutrition Symposium poster and oral competitionswith keynote speaker, Dr. David Levitsky.

Documents

MARCH 19, 2015 - nutrsci.illinois.edu · MARCH 19, 2015. Welcome On behalf of the Nutritional Sciences Graduate Student Association (NSGSA), Division of Nutritional Sciences (DNS),