March 13, 2014March 13, 2014

1.1. Unit VIII Introduction: Civil Rights Unit VIII Introduction: Civil Rights MovementMovement

2.2. 29.1 Notes (part 1) The Movement 29.1 Notes (part 1) The Movement BeginsBegins

3.3. Video Clip: Brown vs. Board of Video Clip: Brown vs. Board of EducationEducation

4.4. 29.1 Vocabulary29.1 Vocabulary

5.5. Current Event Due TomorrowCurrent Event Due Tomorrow

UNIT VIIIUNIT VIIICIVIL RIGHTS CIVIL RIGHTS

MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

1954-19681954-1968

(Chapter 29, Sections (Chapter 29, Sections 1-3)1-3)

CRMCRMThe The MovemenMovement t

BeginsBegins29.129.1

OriginsOrigins 1896: 1896: Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court established : Supreme Court established

separate but equalseparate but equal.. Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws in the South enforced separation of the in the South enforced separation of the

black and white races.black and white races. De jure segregationDe jure segregation- imposed - imposed by lawby law. (schools, . (schools,

restaurants, parks, buses, etc.) restaurants, parks, buses, etc.) De facto segregationDe facto segregation: By unwritten laws.: By unwritten laws. Existed in many places across the country.Existed in many places across the country. Across the country: “White flight” to suburbs, leaving Across the country: “White flight” to suburbs, leaving

inner cities minority and poor.inner cities minority and poor. African-Americans were denied housing, hired in low African-Americans were denied housing, hired in low

paying jobs, lived in black only neighborhoods, etc.paying jobs, lived in black only neighborhoods, etc.

OriginsOrigins ““The Big Four” The Big Four”

Black Civil Rights Black Civil Rights Groups: NAACP, Groups: NAACP, CORE, SNCC, SCLC.CORE, SNCC, SCLC.

1909: 1909: National National Association for the Association for the Advancement of Advancement of Colored People Colored People (NAACP)(NAACP) challenged challenged segregation in the segregation in the courts.courts.

CRM BeginsCRM Begins NAACPNAACP was most was most

powerful civil rights powerful civil rights organization.organization.

Led by Led by Thurgood Thurgood MarshallMarshall, a lawyer., a lawyer.

NAACP challenged NAACP challenged segregated schools in segregated schools in case case Brown v. Board of Brown v. Board of EducationEducation (1954) in (1954) in Topeka, Kansas. Topeka, Kansas.

NAACP won and NAACP won and school school segregation was segregation was declared declared unconstitutional!unconstitutional!

CRM CRM BeginsBegins

Brown v. BoardBrown v. Board threatened entire threatened entire system of segregation and angered system of segregation and angered white Southerners.white Southerners.

They were determined to defend They were determined to defend segregation.segregation.

Over 100 Southern Congressmen Over 100 Southern Congressmen issued issued Southern ManifestoSouthern Manifesto..

Declared an abuse of power by the Declared an abuse of power by the Supreme Court over states’ rights.Supreme Court over states’ rights.

Emmitt TillEmmitt Till

Murdered in Murdered in Mississippi in 1955 at Mississippi in 1955 at age of 14.age of 14.

OriginsOrigins 1942: James Farmer founded 1942: James Farmer founded CORE.CORE. Congress of Racial EqualityCongress of Racial Equality- -

believed in nonviolent methods to believed in nonviolent methods to gain equality, such as gain equality, such as sit-inssit-ins..

Members go to segregated public Members go to segregated public facilities and when denied service, facilities and when denied service, sit down and refuse to leave.sit down and refuse to leave.

CORE successfully CORE successfully integrated integrated many public facilities in the many public facilities in the northnorth and and MidwestMidwest throughout 1940’s throughout 1940’s and 1950’sand 1950’s..

CRM BeginsCRM Begins 1955 - 1955 - Rosa ParksRosa Parks boarded a boarded a

bus in Montgomery, Alabama.bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Refused to ride in the back seat Refused to ride in the back seat

and arrested.and arrested. In response, blacks protested In response, blacks protested

by refusing to ride the busses.by refusing to ride the busses. NAACP started legal challenge NAACP started legal challenge

against segregation laws in against segregation laws in Alabama. Alabama.

Dr. Martin Luther KingDr. Martin Luther King, a , a Baptist minister, encouraged Baptist minister, encouraged blacks to protest in peaceful blacks to protest in peaceful manner.manner.

CRM BeginsCRM Begins Black churches played important Black churches played important

role in Civil Rights Movement.role in Civil Rights Movement. After bus boycott, King and After bus boycott, King and

minister minister Ralph AbernathyRalph Abernathy established SCLC, established SCLC, Southern Southern Christian Leadership Christian Leadership ConferenceConference..

Goal: Continue struggle for civil Goal: Continue struggle for civil rights through church rights through church organization and religious faith. organization and religious faith.

Advocated non-violent means of Advocated non-violent means of protest using Church as protest using Church as foundation.foundation.

Little Rock Little Rock Nine Nine

1957-Nine black students forced to 1957-Nine black students forced to integrate integrate Central HighCentral High in in Little Rock, Little Rock, ArkansasArkansas. .

Arkansas Gov. Arkansas Gov. Orval FaubusOrval Faubus called in State called in State National Guard & denied students entry.National Guard & denied students entry.

TV coverage placed Little Rock at center of TV coverage placed Little Rock at center of national attention.national attention.

Eisenhower sent federal troops to allow Eisenhower sent federal troops to allow students to enter and protect them.students to enter and protect them.

After students entered, angry white mob After students entered, angry white mob beat African American reporters and threw beat African American reporters and threw stones at school windows.stones at school windows.

Troops stayed there all year.Troops stayed there all year.

CRMCRM

Civil Rights Act Civil Rights Act of 1957of 1957: The : The first civil rights first civil rights law to pass law to pass since since Reconstruction.Reconstruction.

PProtected voting rotected voting rights of blacks rights of blacks in the South.in the South.