Capítulo de Antropologia e Sociologia de Marcel Mauss sobre noção de pessoa. Texto clássico.
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DrNoteObjetivo:mostrar como uma das categorias do esprito humano
- uma dessas idias que acreditamos inatas -, que a idia de
"pessoa", a idia do "Eu", surgiu lentamente e cresceu ao longo dos
sculos e atravs de numerosas vicissitudes de tal modo que ela ainda
, mesmo hoje, flutuante, delicada, preciosa, e passvel de maior
elaborao. Todos a consideram natural, bem definida no funda da sua
prpria conscincia, perfeitamente equipada no fundo da moral que
dela se deduz. Trata-se de substituir essa viso ingnua de sua
histria e de seu atual valor por uma viso mais precisa.
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DrNoteA noo de persona latina: mscara, mscara trgica e mscara
ancestral. Ela aparece no incio da civilizao latina.
Mauss busca mostrar de que maneira ela se tornou efetivamente a
nossa. Duas sociedades a inventaram para dissolv-la quase
definitivamente, j a partir dos ltimos sculos que precederam nossa
era: ndia brmica e bdica e China Antiga.
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DrNoteParalelamente, a palavra persona, personagem artificial,
mscara e papel de comdia e de tragdia, representando o embuste, a
hipocrisia - o estranho ao "Eu" - prosseguia seu caminho. Mas o
carter pessoal do direito estava fundado, e persona tambm havia se
tornado sinnimo da verdadeira natureza do indivduo.
