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Marc KuchnerPrinceton University
Ground-Based Exoplanet Searches
Radial VelocityAstrometryTransits LensingPulsation TimingDisksDirect Detection
Timing:
Pulsars + White Dwarfs
t = z / c
Time Stamp on Each Pulse gives youMore Information than Doppler Shift
Pulsar planet interactions4.3, 3.9 M
Konacki & Wolszczan 2003
Mukadam et al. 2003
Einstein Ring
background star
Paczynski 1996
Microlensing Mao & Paczynski 1991
Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET)
V
days
caustic Planet near RE around
lensing star.
Lensing Stars/yr
OGLE-III: 500 MOA: 60
43 events from PLANET. Gaudi et al. 2003
Projected Separationunits of R
E
mostly M starshalfway to galacticcenter R
E~ 2.5 AU
If 3/4 of lenses hadplanets above thisline, they wouldhave been detected.
1/4
3/4
Direct Detection: Optical
Boo: A < 0.39 at i = 36R=1.2 R
J
(Leigh et al. 2003)
And: similar (Cameron et al. 2002)
star
star + planet
Direct Detection:Nulling (Mid+Near IR)
Achromatic Nuller
Conventional Beam Combiner
more
planet photons,
fewer
star photons
Keck Interferometer
Inside Quadratic Null:
star and planet are spectrallydegenerate ()
planet and flux are degenerate
VLTI:
Ground-based European Nulling Interferometer Experiment (GENIE)
MIDI first fringes
Direct Detection:Differential Phase(near IR)
center of lightBurrows 2000
2 m
5 m
Serabyn 2002
Large Binocular Telescope (LBT)
Antarctica:
Cold, Dry, and No High-AltitudeTurbulence
Nulling, AO, Differential Phase,Astrometry
Antarctic Planet Interferometer (API)
Astrometry
perturbationmagnified 30x !!
15 MJ
e=0.2 a=0.6 AUd=50 pc =50 mas/yrPerryman 2000
Stellar Planet Survey(STEPS)30 M stars
Astrometric Search for Planets Encircling Nearby Stars (ASPENS)100 stars
2 mas: 10 MJ in 4 years
1 MJ in 15 years
Direct Detection:Near Infrared
Simulated 15 minute H-band image
5 MJ planet/solar-type star
4096 actuators
Extreme Adaptive Optics
Planet Imager (XAOPI)
Bruce Macintosh, James
Graham et al.
1.6 arcseconds
Kuchner &Traub 2002
DirectDetection:
Radiocyclotron maser
[Kraus, RadioAstronomy, 1966]
Radio Bode's Law
HotJupiters ?
••
Zarka et al. 2001
Farrell, Desch & Zarka 1999
VLAGreen Bank TelescopeNancay Decametric ArrayArecibo
LOFAR : Farrell et al. 2003
ALMAHot YoungJupiter at 160 pc~10 mJy at 850 m
Disks
Eridani 15, 20 and 40 m
Moran, Kuchner & Holman 2003
Timing
Direct InfraredAstrometry and Lensing
Radial Velocity and Transits
log “Q”:
0
-2
Transits-4
-6
- Radial Velocity, Astrometry & Microlensing
Nulling Coronagraphy
spectral signal from hot Jupiterresidual stellar signal
Differential Phase
Doppler Tomography