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Marathon: The 2500 th Anniversary of an Ancient Battle and its Modern Legacy. Professor Katherine Panagakos Richard Stockton College October 14, 2010. Marathon: The 2500 th Anniversary of an Ancient Battle and its Modern Legacy. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Marathon:The 2500th Anniversary of an Ancient Battle and its Modern
Legacy
Professor Katherine PanagakosRichard Stockton College
October 14, 2010
Marathon: The 2500th Anniversary of an Ancient Battle and its Modern
LegacySponsored by: The Federation of
Hellenic American Organizations of NJ (http://hellenicfederationnj.com/)
Co-sponsored by: The Hellenic Club of PhiladelphiaThe Friends of Hellenic Studies at Stockton (
www.stockton.edu/ichs)The Stockton History ClubOGRE (The Order of Greco-Roman
Enthusiasts)
Other Events of Interest
Three “Runs” associated with The Battle of Marathon
Run from Athens to Sparta~150 miles
“Run” during the battle~.9 miles
Run after the battle from Marathon to Athens~26 miles
Ancient Panhellenic Games
Pythian/Delphic Games
Nemean GamesIsthmian GamesOlympic GamesEvery 2-4 years776 BC-324 AD
Reconstruction of Painting in Agora in
Athens
The Battle of Marathon September, 490 BC 9,000 Athens + 1,000
Plateans face ~25,000 Persians on the plain of Marathon
Darius, King of Persians
Ionian Revolt Main source: Herodotus’
Histories Born in 484 BC in
Halicarnassus, Asia Minor Called “The Father of
History” by Cicero
Darius’ Revenge
The Plain of Marathon
Philippides (Phidippides) runs to
Sparta 150 miles in 2 days Sparta was
celebrating the Carnea; must wait until the first full moon
Spartathlon ἄθλος = prize
(athletics)
Battle of Marathon Athenians = 9,000 hoplites Plataeans = 1,000 hoplites Persians = ~25,000 (20,000-
100,000)
Miltiades One of 10 Athenian
Generals Tactics used
Strengthening of right and left wings, leaving center weaker
Persian cavalry and the Run of Eight Stadia
The Great Debates Persian Cavalry Run of 8 stades (.9 miles)
Weight of arms/armor & Persian arrow range (.09-.1 mile)
Soros: Burial Mound at Marathon (σορός)
“The Marathon to Athens Run”
Most famous yet least historically accurate and, therefore, probably not likely.
Lord Byron1788-1824PhilhelleneFought for Greeks in
the Greek War of Independence
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: The Plain of Marathon (1821-1818)
The Isles of Greece (1821)
Modern Olympics Pierre Frédy, Baron de
Coubertin 1894-IOC formed April 1896, Games of I
Olympiad Held in Athens; 14 countries Michel Breal suggested a
long-distance race 17 runners Began at bridge in Marathon
and ended at the Panathanaiko Stadium -24.8 miles
Winner was Spyridon “Spiros” Louis (2:58:50)
Modern Marathon 1896: 24.85 1900: 25.02 1904: 24.85 1908: 26.22
Boston Marathon-oldest annual (1897)
1967 Boston Marathon* 1984 Los Angeles XXIII
Olympiad
Atlantic City Marathon
Aeschylus Father of Greek tragedy c. 525-456/5 BC 7/70 or 90 plays Oresteia (only trilogy) The Persians Αἰσχύλον Εὐφορίωνος Ἀθηναῖον τόδε κεύθει
μνῆμα καταφθίμενον πυροφόροιο Γέλας· ἀλκὴν δ' εὐδόκιμον Μαραθώνιον ἄλσος ἂν εἴποι καὶ βαθυχαιτήεις Μῆδος ἐπιστάμενος
Beneath this stone lies Aeschylus, son of Euphorion, the Athenian, who perished in the wheat-bearing land of Gela; of his noble prowess the grove of Marathon can speak, or the long-haired Persian who knows it well.