Types Maps

Part 2- Thematic and Topographical Maps

THEMATIC MAPS

Thematic Mapsemphasize a specific type of information, characteristic or topic

Examples include weather maps, vegetation, population density, elevation, etc.

Thematic ActivityIn our atlases- pages 10-28 have many examples of Thematic Maps

Lets investigate these maps

What type of maps are on these pages?

a) 11 _________________

b) 18 _________________

c) 24 _________________

d) 26 _________________

LandformsSoil & AgricultureManufacturingPopulation

Match Region to Vegetationa. Deciduous _____ 1. Northern Arctic Islands

b. Grassland _____ 2. Nova Scotia and New

Brunswick

c. Rock Desert _____ 3. Southern Ontario

d. Acadian _____ 4. Central

AB,SK,MB,ON,QB

e. Boreal _____ 5. Southern AB and SK

C

D

A

B

E

True or False___ Nova Scotia’s Mean Annual Precipitation is 1000-

2000mm

___ The temperature range for majority of Quebec is 10-20° 

___ Arctic Canada gets more than 15 thunderstorms per year

___ The annual snowfall in Manitoba is between 100-200cm

T

F

F

T

Which ProvinceClimate Region ProvincesAtlantic

North Mountain

Prairie Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba

British Columbia, Yukon

Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick

TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS

Topographic MapsShow a two- dimensional representation of a portion of the three dimensional surface of the earth.

What do topographic maps show?• A topographic map is a map that shows

surface features, or topography, of the Earth.

• Topographic maps also show • - physical shape of the land• - natural elements: vegetation, water• - human made features- buildings, roads...

• Topographic maps also show elevation (flat areas hills, valleys mountains).

Reading a Topographic Map• Topographic maps use symbols to

represent parts of the Earth’s surface.

• Colors are also used to represent natural or man made features. • For example, cities and towns are

pink, bodies of water are blue, and wooded areas are green.

Colours A drawing that represents the natural and man made elements of a given area.

- Colours, lines and symbols are used to represent things like mountains, streams, buildings, forests etc...

- these symbols present the natural and man made elements of a given area.

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP DESCRIPTION

Five basic colors are used for Topographic Maps.Brown (Contour Lines: shows elevation)Black (Man Made Features: Buidlings, Roads, Trails)Blue (Water Features: lakes, rivers)Green (Vegetation: forests, other)Red (Highway and Land Grids)Three minor colors• Pink (Built up area, civilization)• Purple (Updated Map Information)• White: no forests, might be farmland,

meadows etc… 18

Map SymbolsSymbols are used to represent the natural and man-made features of the earth.

cem

It is a map language that is simple to read and understand. BUT you must first know what the map symbols represent, in order to understand, read and speak map language to others.

PART 1 Basic Land Navigation

19

ú

Woods

Scrub

Orchard

Vineyard

Mangrove

VEGETATION Map Symbols

20

Marsh or swamp

Submerge marsh or swamp

Wood marsh or swamp

Submerge wood marsh or

swamp

Rice field

Land subject to inundation

SUBMERGED AREAS AND BOGS

PART 1 Basic Land Navigation

21

RIVERS, LAKES, AND CANALS

Canal

Perennial stream

Perennial river

Small falls; small rapids

Large falls; large rapids

Dry lake

Perennial lake or pond

Intermittent lake or pond

Intermittent stream

Dam

Intermittent river

Well or spring

Map Symbols

PART 1 Basic Land Navigation

22

MAN-MADE FEATURES and HIGHWAY & LAND GRIDS

Buildings

Built-up Areas

Airports

Landing Strip

School

Church

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Cemetery

Mine

Gravel Pit

Highway

Road

Dirt Road

Trail

Power Lines

Bridge

Foot Bridge

Railroad

Land Grids

12 13 1415 16 1718 19 20

Map SymbolsPART 1 Basic Land Navigation

23

Contour Lines Contour Lines are used to represent elevation and relief

Elevation- is the vertical distance above or below mean sea level.Relief- is a representation of the shapes of hills, valleys, streams or terrain

Rules of Contour Lines1. A contour line must never divide

or split.2. A contour line must never simply

end. Somewhere the two ends of a contour line must join to enclose an irregularly circular region.

3. A contour line must represent one and only one elevation.

Rules of Contour Lines4. A contour line may never

intersect other contour lines.5. Contour lines forms a V pattern

when crossing streams and it always points upstream.

6. Closely spaced contour lines indicate a steep slope; widely spaced lines indicate a gentle slope.

Rules of Contour Lines7. Concentric circles of contour lines indicate a hilltop or mountain peak.

8. Concentric circles of hashed contour lines indicate a hollow or closed depression.

Contour Lines• Contour lines join points on a map that are of equal height above sea level

Contour Lines How high above sea level is point X?

50 m

How high above sea level is point Y?

125m

Contour LinesOn the above map, the highest point is shown with a dot.This is called a spot height.

QuestionSo, what is the

contour interval for this island?

• 50m

Contour IntervalsA set distance between contour lines on a map.

Ex. A 100 interval would mean that you have lines showing 100m changes in elevation between them.

Drawing Contour LinesWhere would X and Y be on this map?

Drawing Contour Lines

Drawing Contour Lines