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MAPS!

MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

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Page 1: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

MAPS!  

Page 2: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Facts  about  Maps  

•  ALL  are  distorted!  •  They  are  transferred  using  projec+on  •  They  are  two  dimensional  •  Cartography  =  the  science  of  map  making  

 

Page 3: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Categories  of  Maps  

•  Reference:  Boundaries,  roads,  mountains…etc.  

•  ThemaGc:  features  or  paHerns  •  Flow-­‐line  maps  –  good  for  determining  movement  or  migraGon  paHerns  

Page 4: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Basic  Map  ProjecGons  

•  4  basic  types  of  map  projecGons:    – Cylindrical    

–   Azimuthal  (also  called  planar)    

– Conic    

Page 5: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Cylindrical  ProjecGon:  DISTORTION!  

Page 6: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Mercator  ProjecGon    •  Mercator  ProjecGon  Map  =  DistorGon  as  you  get  farther  away  from  the  equator!    

Page 7: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Why  use  Mercator?  •  Serves  its  purpose  to  allow  ploXng  of  straight  lines  (think  sea  navigators)  – Only  needed  straight  line  for  direcGons  

•  Many  wall  maps  are  sGll  using  this  projecGon  

•  DOES  NOT  SHOW  CURVE  OF  THE  EARTH!  – SpaGal  DistorGon  

 

Page 8: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Robinson  ProjecGon  

•  Provides  beHer  balance  of  size  and  shape  at  higher  laGtudes    

•  (does  not  maintain  accurate  area,  shape,  distance,  or  direcGon…but  minimizes  errors)  

   

Page 9: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Planar  ProjecGon  

•  Useful  for  less  distorGon  at  the  POLES!  

Page 10: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Other  maps  to  know…  •  Dot  maps  

–  One  dot  =  a  parGcular  phenomenon  •  ThemaGc  maps  

–  Reflects  a  theme  about  a  geographic  area  •  Choropleth  maps  

–  Areas  are  shaded  or  paHerned  in  proporGon  to  data  shown  •  Cartograms  

–  Size  of  place/land  changes  to  fit  theme  

•  Isoline  – Uses  lines  of  equal  value    

Page 11: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Dot  Map    

Page 12: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Choropleth  maps!  Usually  4-­‐5  categories  

Page 13: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

cartograms  –  chart  and  assign  data  by  size.  Examples:  populaGons,  mortality  rates,  GDP    GDP  

Page 14: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Child  Mortality  Rates  

Page 15: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Wars  and  Death  Rates  

Page 16: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about
Page 17: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about
Page 18: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

ProporGonal  Symbol  Map  

Page 19: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Electoral  College  Map  

Page 20: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about
Page 21: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

 Map  Basics  

•  Scale-­‐  the  relaGonship  between  the  length  of  an  object  on  a  map  to  its  length  on  the  landscape  

•  Small  Scale  shows  a  large  area  –  1:250,000  (World  Map)  

•  Large  Scale  shows  a  small  area  in  detail  –  1:1000  (City  Map)  Small  Scale            Large  Scale        

World  Map          ConGnent          Country              Region            State      City    Neighborhood  

Page 22: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

22  

Large  or  Small  Scale?  

Small-­‐scale  

Large  or  Small  Scale?  

Page 23: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

23  

Large-­‐scale  

Small-­‐scale  

Page 24: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

24  

Comparing  maps  of  different  scale  Large  vs.  Small  Scale  Maps  

A  Small-­‐Scale  Map  shows  a  large  area  with  small  details.  

It  is  good  for  rela?ve  loca?ons  

A  Large-­‐Scale  Map  shows  a  small  area  with  large  details.  

It  is  good  for  detailed  looks  at  small  areas  

Page 25: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

LaGtude  and  Longitude    •  LaGtude  –  Lines  that  run  East  and  West,  but  measure  North  to  South  –  (around  the  globe  like  a  ladder)  

 

– Longitude:  Lines  that  run  North  and  South,  but  measure  East  and  West  (LONG)    

LaGtude    

Longitude  

Page 26: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Equator  and  Prime  Meridian  

Page 27: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Other  Important  Aspects  of  Maps  

•  Cardinal  DirecGons  –  North,  South,  East,  West  

•  Compass  Rose  –  Shows  direcGons  on  a  map  

•  Key/legend  –  Explains  the  use  of  symbols  on  a  map    

 

Page 28: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

A  LiHle  More  Stuff  

•  Remote  Sensing-­‐  AcquisiGon  of  data  about  the  earth’s  surface  using  satellites  and  other  long  range  methods    

•  Global  InformaGon  System  (GIS)-­‐Computer  system  that  stores,  organizes,  and  displays  geographic  data  

•  Global  PosiGoning  System  (GPS)-­‐  Using  a  series  of  satellites  to  determine  locaGon  on  the  earths  surface  

Page 29: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

Mental  Maps  

•  An  individual’s  internal,  geographic  understanding  of  a  place.  

•  Formed  when  people  perceive  informaGon  about  their  surroundings  and  then  process  that  informaGon  into  a  mental  image  that  reflects  both  the  physical  environment  and  that  individual’s  social,  cultural,  and  psychological  framework.  

•  May  include  hazards  –  items/places  a  person  avoids  during  their  daily  rouGne.  

Page 30: MAPS!& - Monarch High School AP Human Geography · Mental&Maps& • An&individual’s&internal,&geographic&understanding&of& aplace.& • Formed&when&people&perceive&informaon&about

LocaGon/Distance  Geographers  use  these  to  establish  locaGon  and  distance:  

 –  Coordinate  system  –  Absolute  locaGon  –  Longitude  and  laGtude  – Meridians  –  Prime  Meridian  

–  InternaGonal  Date  Line  

–  Parallels  –  Site  –  SituaGon  –  RelaGve  locaGon  

–  Absolute  distance  –  RelaGve  distance  –  ConnecGvity  –  Time-­‐Space  Convergence