Maps and Globes

Maps and Globes

Why can’t one fifth of Americans locate the U.S. on a map?

Maps and Globes

• http://www.maniacworld.com/what-is-she-talking-about.html

Maps and Globes

What in the world did she say?

Maps and Globes

• I personally believe that U.S. Americans are unable to do so because some people out there in our nation don’t have maps. And I believe that education, like such as in South Africa and the Iraq, everywhere, like such as, and I believe that they should…our education over here in the U.S. should help the U.S. or should help South Africa and the Iraq and the Asian countries. So we will be able to build up our future for our.

Maps and Globes

How do we use maps?

Maps and Globes

Maps and globes help us locate specific places.

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The earth's surface area covers almost 197 million square miles.

Maps and Globes

Globes, which are small models of our planet, show us where water and land are located.

Maps and Globes Most globes and maps tell us how much smaller

they are than the Earth on their "scale,” which is found in its legend or map key. Scales are stated as a ratio.

Question: What is the ratio for this map?

Maps and Globesanswer:1:250,000 (which is read “one to two hundred fifty thousand”)

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The first number of a ratio – generally, a "one" – represents the real thing. A colon is the ratio sign.

1: 10,000

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The second number tells you how many of the model are needed to equal the real thing.

1 : 10,000

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If the real thing and its model have a one to one ratio (for example, these models of a heart and a real heart) it takes only one of the model to equal the real thing.

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These model cows are life size.

They have a 1:1 ratio with real cows.

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Can you spot the real cow?

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If the ratio is one to four, it takes four of the model to equal the real thing. Stated as a ratio – one to four, or 1:4.

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What is the ratio of this map to the earth?

Maps and Globes

1:24,000orone to twenty-four thousand

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Which of these maps shows the greatest area?

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Which of these maps shows the greatest area?

answer: a

Maps and Globes

scale: noun

ratio of distances or areas on a map to the corresponding values on the earth.

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Other maps show a representation of inches to miles or kilometers.

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Which map shows the greatest area?

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Answer:The top map shows the greatest area

Maps and Globes If you're looking for a place

on a map or globe, the main directions – north, east, south, and west – can be a big help.

Maps and Globes

South is always pointed toward the south pole on globes and north is always pointed toward the north pole.

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cardinal directions – north, south, east, west

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There are many intermediate directions also.

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On maps, the compass rose states which direction north is.

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A grid is printed on globes to help us find particular places and measure distances.

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The lines that run east and west are called parallels of latitude.

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line of latitude: noun

an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator 

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Degrees are symbolized by a small circle.

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The distance between each latitude is subdivided into units called the "minute."

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There are 60 minute lines between each line of latitude. Minute lines are symbolized by an apostrophe.

Maps and Globes The basic reference latitude, the

equator, lies halfway between the north and south poles – at precisely zero degrees.

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The equator divides the globe into its northern and southern hemispheres.

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hem·i·sphere –noun

a half of a sphere

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e·qua·tor  –noun

the great circle of the earth that is equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole.

Maps and Globes

For every degree of latitude in the northern hemisphere, there's a corresponding degree in the southern hemisphere.

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To distinguish between them, we say a place is located at "so many degrees north," or "so many degrees south."

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Twenty three and one-half degrees southern latitude is called the Tropic of Capricorn and its corresponding latitude in the northern hemisphere is known as the Tropic of Cancer.

Maps and Globes The area between these two latitudes,

often called "the tropics,“ has a tropical climate, and is warm and humid all year long.

Maps and Globes

Maps and Globes

• tropic of Cancer   n.   The parallel of latitude 23 ½ ° north of the equator, and the most northerly latitude at which the sun can shine directly overhead.

• tropic of Capricorn   n.   The parallel of latitude 23 ½ ° south of the equator, and the most southerly latitude at which the sun can shine directly overhead.

Maps and Globes Two other lines of

latitude, the Antarctic Circle, at about 66 ½ degrees southern latitude, and the Arctic Circle, at 66 ½ degrees northern latitude, also help identify climate.

Maps and Globes

question: 23.5 + 66.5 = ?

Maps and Globes

answer: 90(notice that the equator and the north pole form a 90 degree angle)

1. The great circle of the earth that is equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole is the _________. 2. Imaginary lines around the Earth that are parallel to the equator are lines of ________. 3. The equator divides the Earth into the northern and southern ___________. 4. The tropic of ______  is 23 ½ ° north of the equator. 5. The tropic of _________ is 23 ½ ° south of the equator. 6. A map ______ shows the ratio of distances on a map to the distances on the earth. 7. North, south, east, west are ________ directions.

summary

The great circle of the earth that is equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole is the equator. Imaginary lines around the Earth that are parallel to the equator are lines of latitude. The equator divides the Earth into the north and south hemispheres. The tropic of Cancer  23 ½ ° north of the equator. The tropic of Capricorn is latitude 23 ½ ° south of the equator. A map scale shows the ratio of distances on a map to the distances on the earth. North, south, east, west are cardinal directions.

Maps and Globes

Lines of longitude, also called meridians, run north and south.

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Unlike lines of latitude, they don't lie parallel to each other.

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The standard reference meridian, located at zero degrees, zero minutes, is called the Prime Meridian.

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Because it runs through Greenwich, a town just outside London in the United Kingdom, it's sometimes referred to as the "Greenwich Line."

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lon·gi·tude   n.  

Angular distance on the earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at Greenwich, England, expressed in degrees (or hours), minutes, and seconds.

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prime meridian –noun

the meridian running through Greenwich, England, from which longitude east and west is reckoned.

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When other meridians are drawn to the east of the Prime Meridian, we identify them by saying, "15 degrees east, 30 degrees east, 45 degrees east..." and so on.

Maps and Globes When they're located to the west, we say,

"15 degrees west, 30 degrees west, 45 degrees west," etc.

Maps and Globes What are the different types of maps?

Maps and Globes A physical map shows the physical

features of an area; mountains, lakes, rivers, coastlines, and so on.

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A "physical relief" map, uses different colors to show how high or low the land is in relation to sea level.

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Political maps show boundaries between states or provinces and between countries.

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political map shows state, county and national boundaries;

lines on the map which rarely actually exist on the ground.

Maps and Globes

prime meridian –noun

the meridian running through Greenwich, England, from which longitude east and west is reckoned.

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Maps that convey specific kinds of information are often called "special purpose"

maps.

Maps and Globes On this special purpose map, colors show

population density. Each color indicates how many people live within a square kilometer.

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Small colored squares explain what each color means. The squares are found on a portion of the map known as the "key, or "legend."

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map key explanatory table of symbols used on a map or chart; also called map legend

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This map shows how the world is divided into 24 time zones.

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How many time zones is the United States divided into?

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How many time zones is the United States divided into?

answer: 6 time zones including Alaska and Hawaii

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time zone

any of the 24 regions of the globe (loosely divided by longitude) throughout which the same standard time is used 

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On a globe, the shortest distance between two points is not a straight line, but a great circle.

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Great circle route - a trace on the surface of a sphere (the Earth) that indicates the shortest course between two points on the surface of that sphere.

Maps and Globes

This map shows the location of buried treasure. What additional information would help you to locate the treasure?

Maps and Globes

Cartographer - someone who makes maps

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Maps and Globes

land·form  

One of the features that make up the earth's surface, such as a plain, mountain, or valley.

Maps and Globes

This is a landform map of South America. Can you guess the approximate age of the cartographer?

1. A ____________ is someone who makes maps. 2. A _________ map shows state, county and national boundaries. 3. A ________ map shows thing like mountains, lakes, and rivers. 4. The ________ explains the symbols used on a map. 5. A ________ is a feature of the earth's surface, such as a plains, mountains, or valleys. 6. ______ is the angular distance on the earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian. 7. The ______________ runs through Greenwich, England.

summary

A cartographer is someone who makes maps. A political map shows state, county and national boundaries. A physical map shows thing like mountains, lakes, and rivers. The map key explains the symbols used on a map. A landform is a feature of the earth's surface, such as a plains, mountains, or valleys. Longitude is the angular distance on the earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian. The prime meridian runs through Greenwich, England.

Maps and Globes

Pretend that you are a cartographer. Can you make a map of the route from your house to school?

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Maps also show landforms.

What are Landforms?

• http://worldlandforms.com/list_of_all_the_land_forms_and_definitions.htm

Maps and Globes

How many of these landforms can be found in North Carolina?

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• Types of Landforms

 • 1. ocean-- a great expanse of salt water• 2. sea -- a relatively large body of water, either

part of an ocean that is partially surrounded by land (the Caribbean Sea), or a body of water that is completely landlocked (the Caspian Sea)

• 3. prairie -- an extensive area of flat or rolling, mostly treeless grassland

Maps and Globes

• 4. plateau -- an elevated level expanse of land; a tableland.

• 5. mountain -- An high, steep elevation of the earth's surface, higher than a hill.

• 6. volcano -- An opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected

• 7. archipelago -- a chain of islands

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• 8. island -- a piece of land completely surrounded by water

• 9. peninsula -- a narrow stretch of land surrounded on three sides by water

• 10. gulf -- A large area of a sea or ocean partially enclosed by land (the Gulf of Mexico)

• 11. bay -- an area of sea partially enclosed by land, smaller than a gulf

• 12. sound* -- a long passage of water connecting two larger bodies

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• 13. isthmus -- a narrow strip of land, like a bridge, connecting two larger strips of land

• 14. delta -- a place at the river's mouth, where the river splits into many different sections, forming a marshy triangle.

• 15. river mouth -- the place where a river empties into a larger body of water

• 16. harbor -- a sheltered part of a body of water deep enough to provide anchorage for ships

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• 17. strait -- A narrow channel of water joining two larger bodies of water (usually narrower than a sound)

• 18. cape -- A point or head of land projecting into a body of water

• 19. river -- A large natural stream of water emptying into an ocean, lake, or other body of water

• 20. tributary-- A stream that flows into a larger stream or other body of water

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• 21. valley -- An elongated lowland between ranges of mountains, hills, or other uplands, often having a river or stream running along the bottom

• 22. divide -- a ridge of land that marks the directional flow of rivers on either side

• 23. moraine -- An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier

• 24. glacier -- A huge mass of ice slowly flowing over a land mass

Maps and Globes

• 25. butte -- A hill that rises abruptly from the surrounding area and has sloping sides and a flat top

• 26. mesa -- A broad, flat-topped elevation with one or more clifflike sides

• 27. canyon -- A narrow chasm with steep cliff walls, cut into the earth by running water

• 28. lake -- A large inland body of fresh water or salt water

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• 29. basin -- A large, bowl-shaped depression in the surface of the land, often drained by a single river (the Amazon Basin)

• 30. hill -- a small elevation in the earth's surface• 31. swamp -- A lowland region saturated with

water• 32. oasis -- A fertile or green spot in a desert or

wasteland

Maps and Globes

• 33. desert -- an area with very little rainfall or vegetation

• 34. steppe -- A vast grass-covered plain

• 35. cataract -- A large or high waterfall

• 36. marsh -- An area of soft, wet, low-lying land, with grassy vegetation, often forming a transition zone between water and land

Maps and Globes

• 37. flood plain -- A plain bordering a river and subject to flooding

This is a landform map made by a grown-up. Can you name the

continent?

• LandformsLandforms make our world more

interesting.

Create an imaginary map which includes lines of latitude and longitude, a scale and map key. Include as many landforms as you can think of…for example, an island, sea, lake, mountain, river, and peninsula.

Landforms Jeopardy

• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://geography.pppst.com/banner_landforms.gif&imgrefurl=http://geography.pppst.com/landforms.html&h=254&w=709&sz=40&hl=en&start=43&um=1&usg=__FWiSF65MDhe13N1Zmm4oYVdwrzY=&tbnid=w3Bk8uZ8gurCFM:&tbnh=50&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlandforms%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rlz%3D1T4GGLF_enUS247US248%26sa%3DN

Maps as Tools

• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/jh/earth/mapstype/images/maps14.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/jh/earth/mapstype/lesson2/mapstypes02a.html&h=238&w=275&sz=19&hl=en&start=1&um=1&usg=__Pf8AUSxnJmz2fPLFRV5uZUVkxjg=&tbnid=ImWotdjtKUN6fM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtypes%2Bof%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG