J R C R E F E R E N C E R E P O R T S

JointResearchCentre

Report EUR 25160 EN

Mapping of Nuclear

Maria Alicia Lacal Molina, Ulrik von Estorff

2012

Education Possibilitiesand Nuclear Stakeholders

in the EU-27

European CommissionJoint Research Centre

Institute for Energy and Transport

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JRC67016

EUR 25160 EN

ISBN 978-92-79-22715-8 (pdf)

ISBN 978-92-79-22714-1 (print)

ISSN 1018-5593 (print)

ISSN 1831-9424 (online)

doi:10.2790/41101

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2012

© European Union, 2012

Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

Printed in Netherlands

EUR 25160 EN

Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

AUTHORS:

Maria Alicia Lacal Molina

Ulrik von Estorff

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRY PROFILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

EU-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

AUSTRIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

BELGIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

BULGARIA . . . . . . . . . . . 24

CYPRUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

CZECH REPUBLIC . . . . 30

DENMARK . . . . . . . . . . . 35

ESTONIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

FINLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

FRANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

ANNEX I: HIGHER LEVEL EDUCATION POSSIBILITIES IN EU-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

ANNEX II: NATIONAL ACADEMIES INVOLVED IN THE NUCLEAR FIELD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

ANNEX III: NUCLEAR EDUCATION NETWORKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

ANNEX IV: NUCLEAR NATIONAL SOCIETIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

ANNEX V: NUCLEAR REGULATORY AUTHORITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

GERMANY . . . . . . . . . . . 51

GREECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

HUNGARY . . . . . . . . . . . 60

IRELAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

ITALY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

LATVIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

LITHUANIA . . . . . . . . . . . 73

LUXEMBOURG . . . . . . . 76

MALTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

THE NETHERLANDS . . 79

POLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

PORTUGAL . . . . . . . . . . . 89

ROMANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

SLOVAKIA . . . . . . . . . . . 97

SLOVENIA . . . . . . . . . . 100

SPAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

SWEDEN . . . . . . . . . . . 111

UNITED KINGDOM . . 115

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

According to the common vision of major stakeholders from the nuclear industry and research institutions, nuclear energy generation, provided absolute nuclear safety is insured, will continue to provide an important contribution to the security and competitiveness of energy supply in the EU, and the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan) targets, and therefore stay a candidate for the energy-mix. To translate that vision into concrete steps, the Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform (SNETP) has been created to develop a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA, 2009) summarising the most urgent research topics to be addressed, and to derive a Deployment Strategy (DS, 2010) identifying key actions for the implementation within a time horizon up to 2050.

Additionally, the European Nuclear Energy Forum (ENEF) was founded in 2007, which is a unique platform for a broad discussion on transparency issues as well as the opportunities and risks of nuclear energy.

Both nuclear stakeholder platforms (SNETP1 and ENEF2) have a working group on Knowledge Management, Education and Training issues, which are pointing to possible risks in that area.

Due to the gradual retirement of old NPP, the EU Plan “Towards a new Energy Strategy for Europe 2011-20” puts great emphasis on the need for investments in new technologies, infrastructure, efficiency improvement, public education and skills. This is a condition for maintaining a strong nuclear contribution to low-carbon power generation.

Both the Council Conclusion from 1-2 December 20083 on the preservation of nuclear skills in the EU and the Council Directive from 23 June 20094 establishing the Community Framework for nuclear safety require adequate competence on nuclear safety. They are the impetus for the production of this report, which is providing an overview of

1 http://www.snetp.eu/www/snetp/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=21&Itemid=19.

2 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/forum/risks/doc/summary_paper_education.pdf

3 Council Conclusion of 1-2 December 2008: (http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/08/st15/

st15406.en08.pdf4 Council Directive from 23 June 2009: http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/09/st10/

st10667.en09.pdf )

the current situation in EU education and training opportunities in the field of nuclear energy.

Additionally, in the Communication to the European Parliament and the Council from 16 September 20115, the Commission stresses that all opportunities and options should be used to guarantee that sufficient knowledgeable personnel is and will be available to the sector, including industry and government oversight bodies. The Communication provides a comprehensive picture of the situation of human resources in the nuclear energy sector in the EU, identifies the current challenges, and presents the spectrum of both current or planned EU, national or international initiatives which could address the identified challenges in the most efficient and systematic manner possible.

One of the aims of this report is to inform students about the higher educational opportunities in the nuclear field available to them across Europe, so that they can make an educated choice of a field to study and consider working in the nuclear sector. This report also provides a mapping what is happening in the academic field and in the nuclear industry in all the EU countries. This will help academia and industry to know about the different initiatives, to be complementary to each other and to collaborate for a continuous improvement of nuclear safety and security.

In summary, this report makes a contribution to ensuring that the educational institutions that SUPPLY human resources and the stakeholders that DEMAND these human resources are aware of the existence of each other and can make contact so that they can collaborate in making improvements in this sector.

In addition, this report forms the basis for a systematic monitoring of the SUPPLY and DEMAND situation of Human Resources in the Nuclear Energy Sector in the EU-27. It will be used and updated regularly by the European Human Resource Observatory in the Nuclear Energy Sector (EHRO-N)6, which is operated by the JRC.

The first observation is that there is still potential for improved harmonisation in the field of nuclear energy education in Europe. For this purpose,

5 Communication from the EC to the EP and the Council http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=C

OM:2011:0563:FIN:EN:PDF 6 http://ehron.jrc.ec.europa.eu

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the European Nuclear Education Network (ENEN) had been established to support the cooperation between the academia. In addition, it is recognised that the existence of institutions like the European Nuclear Society (ENS), the nuclear fora and the Academies of Sciences (or similar educational institutions) are providing a major contribution in the field of nuclear education in ensuring that the general public and future students are aware of the issues relating to nuclear energy.

It is noted that, within the 27 EU Member States nuclear energy has not the same share in their individually chosen energy-mix. In the countries that do not have a nuclear power programme, it is usually the case that the higher educational institutions do not offer many courses in the nuclear field. However, in some of these countries, there is ongoing research and educational activities in the nuclear field that are continuously being maintained and updated.

In general terms, it is noted that increasing SUPPLY possibilities for human resources for the nuclear industry and its stakeholders are being created and that this is beginning to repair the deficit that has arisen during the last decades in which the acceptance of nuclear energy has shown a downturn.

Much of the work to produce this report was carried out before the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant occurred in March 2011. It is clear that there will be a change in public opinion and thus student interest in the future of nuclear power in the EU, which is still difficult to foresee and country specific. While some countries favour a phase-out, others continue to their engagement. Nevertheless, the factual information presented in this report presenting the situation relating to nuclear power in the EU Member States, the higher educational opportunities available and the companies involved in the nuclear industry is still valid. Hence, the report provides what we think is a valuable source of information to young people for their academic orientation followed by work in nuclear research and in industry.

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FOREWORD

According to the common vision of the major stakeholders from the nuclear industry and research institutions, nuclear energy generation provided absolute nuclear safety is insured, will continue to provide an important contribution to the security and competitiveness of energy supply, and the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Europe 20/20/20 Energy targets and the Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan) targets, and therefore stay a candidate for the energy-mix. To translate that vision into concrete steps, the Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform (SNETP)7 has been created to develop a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA, 2009) summarising the most urgent research topics to be addressed, and to derive a Deployment Strategy (DS, 2010) identifying key actions for the implementation within a time horizon up to 2050.

Additionally, the European Nuclear Energy Forum (ENEF)8 was founded in 2007, which is a unique platform for a broad discussion on transparency issues as well as the opportunities and risks of nuclear energy. Both nuclear stakeholder platforms (SNETP and ENEF) have a working group on Knowledge Management, Education and Training issues, which are pointing to possible risks in that area.

Both the Council Conclusion from 1-2 December 20089 on the preservation of nuclear skills in the EU and the Council Directive from 23 June 200910 establishing the Community Framework for nuclear safety require adequate competence on nuclear safety. They are as well the impetus for the production of this report, which is providing an overview of the current situation in EU education and training opportunities in the field of nuclear energy.

Several initiatives have been implemented in response to these challenges both by the Commission and by the Member States. To address

7 Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform (SNETP): http://www.snetp.eu/www/snetp/index.

php?option=com_content&view=article&id=21&Itemid=19

8 European Nuclear Energy Forum (ENEF): http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/forum/risks/doc/summary_paper_education.pdf

9 Council Conclusion of 1-2 December 2008: (http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/08/st15/

st15406.en08.pdf10 Council Directive from 23 June 2009: http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/09/st10/

st10667.en09.pdf

these initiatives a communication from the EC to the Council on education and training in the nuclear energy field is being prepared.

One of the initiatives undertaken by the EC was the establishment in 2010/2011 of the European Human Resource Observatory in the Nuclear Energy Sector (EHRO-N) with the overall objective to provide qualified data and analyses on the short- and long-term trends in supply and demands of human resources in the nuclear field within the European Union.

The particular objectives of EHRO-N are to provide regularly updated and quality-assured data on the short, medium and long-term needs of human resources for the different stakeholders in nuclear energy and nuclear safety, to identify strengths, gaps and deficiencies in the European nuclear E&T infrastructure and elaborate recommendations for remedial actions and optimisations, to play an active role in the development of a European scheme of nuclear qualifications and mutual recognitions as well as to regularly communicate relevant data to the Member States governmental, academic and private organisations involved in nuclear education and training.

EHRO-N will monitor the availability of adequately educated and trained nuclear human resources and will advise on policy decisions to be taken when improvements are necessary to ensure adequate EU capacities.

One of the first tasks EHRO-N was to provide an overview and inventory on the available educational opportunities in the nuclear energy field in the EU-27 countries. The current report is developed to support dissemination of information on European educational opportunities and will be published on the EHRO-N website http://ehron.jrc.ec.europa.eu as complementary information to the EHRO-N EU-27 nuclear educational institutions mapping. The report will form also a basis on which further analyses to assess the adequacy of nuclear human resources supply in Europe will be done.

Much of the work to produce the report was carried out before the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant occurred in March 2011. It is clear that this event will impact future development of nuclear industry as well as attractiveness for young generations to study nuclear science and engineering. Nevertheless, the factual information presented in the report as concerns the current

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situation relating to nuclear power in each of the EU countries, the higher educational opportunities available and the companies involved in the nuclear industry will still be valid. Hence, the report in its current form will still provide a source of information that can be used by young people considering entering the nuclear field, higher educational institutions and companies involved in the nuclear industry and provides a snap shot of the pre Fukushima situation which will be useful for benchmarking with any future post Fukushima EU developments.

The report was developed by members of the JRC team of the European Human Resource Observatory in the Nuclear Energy Sector (EHRO-N) and was reviewed by the EHRO-N Senior Advisory Group (SAG) composed of senior management representatives from different nuclear Stakeholders and EU Member States.

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INTRODUCTION

The use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes became widespread following the Second World War. One of the reasons for this was undoubtedly the need for an effective source of electrical energy for the reconstruction of Europe. From this beginning, it was recognised in many countries that nuclear energy would be a good option for the production of electrical energy in the longer term.

Despite the advantages of nuclear energy, there has always been a vigorous debate between those that are for it and those that are against. The petroleum crisis in 1973 caused public opinion to move in favour of the development of nuclear energy since this did not depend on the import of oil and the costs were becoming more and more economic.

The accidents at Three Mile Island in 1979 and Chernobyl in 1986 caused the support for nuclear energy to be significantly reduced and, as a result of this, the construction of all new nuclear power stations in Europe was stopped11. This also led to the nuclear energy option being dropped in several countries.

However, in the beginning of the 21st century, there was a renewed interest in nuclear energy due to the major technical and technological improvements that have been made, especially in the area of safety. Nuclear energy was considered to be a clean source of electrical power that is able to meet world-wide demands without producing emissions of CO

2 and hence not contributing to

climatic change.

These fluctuations in the public acceptance of nuclear energy have significantly affected education in this area, especially at the higher level and led to the mismatch that exists at the present time between the SUPPLY of and DEMAND for human resources in the nuclear energy sector.

There is also a danger that the accumulated knowledge of the senior nuclear experts, who are now near to retirement, could be lost because there is no well structured global approach to preserving this knowledge. A well functioning nuclear E&T system is a pre-requisite for assuring nuclear safety and security.

One of the aims of this report is to inform students about the higher educational opportunities in the

11 The accident at Fukushima occurred during the preparation of the report

nuclear field available to them across Europe, so that they can make an educated choice of a field to study and consider working in the nuclear sector. This report also provides a mapping what is happening in the academic field and in the nuclear industry in all the EU countries. This will help academia and industry to know about the different initiatives, to be complementary to each other and to collaborate for a continuous improvement of nuclear safety and security.

In summary, this report makes a contribution to ensuring that the educational institutions that SUPPLY human resources and the stakeholders that DEMAND these human resources are aware of the existence of each other and can make contact so that they can collaborate in making improvements in this sector.

This report has gone through a number of revisions in which its contents have been changed to take account of new developments that have occurred during the period over which the work has been carried out. This has included: the second Strategic Energy Review (SER II) which outlined the progress that has been made in mapping out the future of nuclear energy as a key component of the EU’s future low-carbon energy policy; the Laperrouze Report which endorsed the pivotal role of nuclear energy and called for the European Commission “to draw up a specific roadmap for nuclear investments”; and the publication of the Reflection Group to the European Council which concluded that nuclear energy should be included in the European mix and recommended that the Commission should also promote co-operation in nuclear training programmes.

This report will be published on the EHRO-N website http://ehron.jrc.ec.europa.eu

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DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRY PROFILES

The second phase was to compile information on nuclear stakeholders and universities that provided courses related to the nuclear field in each country. The way that this was done is described below and this is reflected in the way that the report has been presented:

1. For each country, an introduction is given about the situation regarding nuclear energy in the country. This includes information on the national nuclear authorities; nuclear power programmes and where available information on the impor-tance of nuclear energy in the country and public opinion, two factors that influence the national educational policies.

2. The research has been carried out independently for each of the 27 countries of the European Union and the findings have been presented separately in the report for each country. When looking at this information, it needs to be remembered that the European Union has mechanisms of academic mobility which allow the nationals of a country to study in another one without much difficulty.

3. Three categories of courses have been identified: the main one is made up of Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees offered by universities; the second one is made up of the different courses given by the universities (or other higher educational institutions) that are worth at least 10 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits; and the third one refers to specialist courses offered by nuclear research centres.

4. The website link to each of the courses identified and the institutions that offer them has been given and this can be used to obtain more detailed information. Where links to a course is not available, the institution that teaches the course can be contacted through its website.

5. In addition, links to the website of the major stakeholders in nuclear energy in each country are provided. This information is deemed to be useful both to new graduates as well as for any further analyses as concerns the correlations between supply and demands of nuclear human resources in Europe. While every attempt is made to provide the complete information, it is clear that some information might be missing.

The first phase of the work was to carry out a review to determine the position regarding nuclear energy in each of the European Union 27 countries and how this was reflected in the scope of the educational opportunities in the nuclear area. This was done before starting to compile the list of universities and the courses available in the nuclear field. In this initial phase it was observed that each of the countries has its own national position regarding nuclear energy and this is reflected in the education available in the nuclear field. It is also the case that the Bologna Process has not yet been implemented in all the countries. Hence, differences were observed in the educational opportunities available to students in the nuclear field in the 27 countries in the EU.

BOLOGNA PROCESS

The main objective of the Bologna Process (or Bologna Accords) is to create the European High Education Area by making the standards for academic degrees more comparable and compatible and to guarantee a high quality of the higher education degrees throughout Europe.

This meant that the signatories to the agreement undertook to reform their high educational systems to bring them into line with the basic framework adopted in the Bologna declaration signed in 1999 by the Ministers of education from 29 European countries.

This framework is based in three cycles of higher education qualification which are related to European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits as follows:

• 1st cycle (awarding a Bachelor’s degree): 180−240 ECTS credits.

• 2nd cycle (awarding a Master’s degree): 90-120 ECTS credits.

• 3rd cycle (awarding a Doctorate): no ECTS.

There are 47 countries which are members of the European Higher Education Area which includes 27 members from the European Union, and 20 from outside the EU.

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Most of the educational information presented in this report has been taken from the websites of the educational and research institutions. Other sources of information have also been used to identify the centres that offer courses in the nuclear area. This includes: the national nuclear fora, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the OECD/NEA, the national nuclear associations and the European Nuclear Education Network (ENEN) database. Many of them regularly compile information and publish it in digital or printed form. In addition, continuous contact with experts in the academic and nuclear fields has promoted the constant search for information.

The search for information is the cornerstone of the report and therefore it has been carried out rigorously by constantly verifying the information identified, crosschecking it with different sources of information and updating it regularly. The information was then processed to clarify which course was given by which university and what was the category in which this study was included.

It is important to emphasise that, although the report is in English, many of the educational and research centres are identified by its name in English (the translation of the original name to English) and by its original name in the official language of the country where they are located. Furthermore, although all the names of the courses

have been translated into English, this does not mean that they are taught in English. (Full details of these courses are given on the websites of the various educational centres).

In addition, it was sometimes difficult to find the information required for this report due to a number of reasons as follows:

The first reason is due to language differences - the 27 EU countries have 23 official languages. Although English is being used more and more as the common language in the academic world (partly with the aim of attracting foreign students) not all the educational institutions use English and sometimes not all the information is in English so that it is more difficult to find.

A second reason is that the names used for the different courses are sometimes not as clear as they could be which can cause confusion and does not facilitate the information search, and even sometimes obstructs it. This happens especially when terms such as energy or electricity are used as synonymous for nuclear or when incorrect terminology has been used during translation.

Finally, the information provided by an educational institution through its website may sometimes be difficult to understand and needs to be verified by an alternative means.

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

RESULTS EU-27

The Nuclear Curricula in the EU-27 are shown in the following two figures, as a summary, where MSc degrees are the majority, and by Member State, where Italy, France and the UK offer most degrees.

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in the EU 27

Nuclear Education Degrees by Country

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in the EU-27

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Regarding the Stakeholders it can be concluded, that most are Engineering, Manufacturing or Consultancy companies. But it has to be noted that both figures below consider only the number of stakeholders, not the number of staff that they employ.

EU-27 Nuclear Stakeholders per business [%]

EU-27 Nuclear Stakeholders per business

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

AUSTRIA

In 197812, a Federal law was passed that prohibited the operation of nuclear power plants in Austria. This non-nuclear policy was confirmed in 1997 when the Parliament adopted the Federal Constitutional Act for a Nuclear-Free Austria. There is only one nuclear facility in Austria, the 250kw TRIGA Mark II reactor operated by the Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics/ Atominstitut which is used in national and international programmes.

The Federal Alarm Centre/ Bundeswarnzentrale13 is the operational base of the federal government to coordinate relief efforts during major disasters and this includes a permanently manned radiation early warning system for nuclear accidents.

Higher education in the nuclear field is closely related to the non-nuclear policy and is focused on the use of ionising radiation.

EDUCATION

To meet the requirements of the Bologna Process, Austria has changed the structure of its higher educational system so that it is divided into three levels: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees.

Concerning education in the nuclear field, one of the peculiarities of the Austrian educational system is the existence of the Universities of Applied Sciences/ Fachhochschulen in which the training is more tailored to practically applicable professional skills.

There are only two institutions that offer a Bachelor’s degree in the nuclear field which are:

• the University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Vienna/Fachhochshuel FH Campus Wien14 which offers a degree in Radiological Technology15; and

12 BGB1 No. 676/1978 Bundesgesetz vom 15 Dezember 1978 über das Verbot der Nutzung des Kernspaltung für die Energieversorgung in Österreich

13 Federal Alarm Centre/Bundeswarnzentrale http://www.bmi.gv.at/cms/BMI_Zivilschutz/mehr_zum_thema/Bundeswarnzentrale.aspx

14 University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien/Fachhochshuel FH Campus Wien http://www.fh-campuswien.ac.at/en/home/

15 Radiological Technology Bachelor http://www.fh-campuswien.ac.at/en/studies/health/bachelor/radiological_technology/overview/

• the University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt/Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt16 which also offers a degree in Radiological Technology17.

The only university that offers a Master’s degree in the nuclear field is the Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences/FH Oberösterreich18 which is in the same field as the Bachelor’s degrees - Radiological Technology19.

The Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics/Atominstitut20 offers the possibility to carry out a post-Bachelor specialisation in the fields of: Nuclear Technology; Radiochemistry; Radiation Protection; Nuclear and Astrophysics; and X-Ray Physics.

Regarding Doctorate degrees, there are no institutions that offer a specific degree in the nuclear field. However, there is the possibility of working on a Doctorate degree in the nuclear field in any of the Physics Faculties of the Austrian universities and in the applied sciences research centres, especially in the Atominstitut21.

Although there are only a small number of degrees offered in the nuclear field, there is a wide range of courses (that range between 3 and 10 ECTS) offered by the different universities as follows:

• the University of Applied Sciences Technical School Vienna/Fachhoschule Technikum Wien22 offers courses in: Biomedical Engineering23, Nu-clear Medicine and Radiation Therapy and Ra-diation Protection;

16 University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt/Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt http://www.fhwn.ac.at/desktopdefault.aspx?pageid=407&lang=en

17 Radiological Technology Bachelor http://www.fhwn.ac.at/desktopdefault.aspx?pageid=1003

18 Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences/FH Oberösterreich http://www.fh-ooe.at/en/upper-austria/

19 Radiological Technology http://www.fhcampuswien.ac.at/en/studies/health/master_degree_programmes_for_advanced_professional_training/radiological_technology/overview/

20 Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics/Atominstitut http://www.ati.ac.at/

21 Proposed Diploma and Doctorate Theses http://www.ati.ac.at/index.php?id=themen_fuer_d_und_d&L=1

22 University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien/Fachhoschule Technikum Wien http://www.technikum-wien.at/en/home/

23 Biomedical Engineering http://www.technikum-wien.at/en/study_programs/bachelor_s/biomedical_engineering/

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• the University of Applied Sciences Vienna Neustadt/Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt offers several courses in nuclear medicine which includes Bachelor’s degrees in Biomedical Analytics24 and Nuclear Medicine in Hospitals (which is a field lecture);

• the Vienna University of Technology/Technische Universität Wien25 offers nuclear courses at its Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics26: Atoms-Light-Matter-Waves, Atomic Nuclear and Particle Physics I and II, Experimental Quantum Optics-Atomic Physics, Nuclear Engineering, Practical course on Reactor Instrumentation, Project Related Work on Reactor Technology, Project Work on Numerical Methods in Nuclear Physics, Project Work Subatomic Physics, Radiochemistry, Radioisotope Techniques, Seminar on Atomic and Subatomic Physics and Seminar on Reactor Safety and Scattering and Reaction Theory;

• the Vienna University of Technology offers courses in its Institute of Theoretical Physics27: Advanced Atomic Theory and Project Work in Interaction of Atoms with Strong and Short Laser Fields; and

• the Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universi-ties offers a wide range of nuclear courses due to its close relationship with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)28 and with some European universities. This includes the Eugene Wigner Course29 which is sponsored by the Eu-ropean Nuclear Engineering Network (ENEN)30 and the co-operation with the Dalton Nuclear Institute of the University of Manchester31. Overall, the Atomic Institute offers about 80 theoretical32 and 10 practical courses in the nu-

24 Biomedical Analytics Bachelor http://www.fhwn.ac.at/desktopdefault.aspx?pageid=1125

25 Vienna University of Technology/ Technische Universität Wien http://www.tuwien.ac.at/tuwien_home/EN/

26 Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics http://www.ati.ac.at/index.php?id=startseite&L=1

27 Institute of Theoretical Physics http://www.itp.tuwien.ac.at/

28 International Atomic Enegy Agency http://www.iaea.org/ 29 Eugene Wigner Course http://www.reak.bme.hu/Wigner_

Course/ 30 European Nuclear Education Network /ENEN http://www.

enen-assoc.org/ 31 Dalton Institute/University of Manchester http://www.

dalton.manchester.ac.uk/ 32 Seminars http://www.ati.ac.at/index.

php?id=lehrveranstal tungen&L=1 Teaching http://www.ati.ac.at/index.php?id =lehrveranstaltungen&L=1

clear field33. Most of these training courses are in the framework of the ENEN. In addition, the Stefan-Mayer-Institut for Subatomic Physics/Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik34 offers some seminars35.

Research in the nuclear field is focused on safety and radiology. Furthermore, in the Atom Institute of the Austrian Universities, research in the nuclear field is carried out by the Austrian Academy of Sciences/Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften36 in the Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science37 (in collaboration with the Department of Materials of the Austrian Institute of Technology38 (AIT) and the Stefan-Mayer-Institut for Subatomic Physics/Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik); by the Research Studios Austria/ Forschungsgesellschaft mbH39; by the Seibersdorf Laboratories40; by the Vienna University of Technology; by the University of Innsbruck/Universität Innsbruck41 in its Institute for Experimental Physics42; by the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator43 which belongs to the Nuclear Department44 of the University of Vienna/Universität Wien45; by the NIMBUS Institute/Institut für Nukleareinrichtungen,

33 BÖCK, H.; VILLA, M. Training in Nuclear Technology in Anti-Nuclear Environment.

34 Stefan-Mayer-Institut/Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik http://www.oeaw.ac.at/smi

35 Seminars http://www.oeaw.ac.at/smi/home/seminar/36 Austrian Academy of Sciences/Österreichische Akademie

der Wissenschaften http://www.oeaw.ac.at/english/home.html

37 Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science http://www.oeaw.ac.at/esi/english/index.html

38 Austrian Institute of Technology/AIT http://www.arcs.ac.at/home_en.html

39 Research Studios Austria/Forschungsgesellschaft mbH http://www.researchstudio.at/home_en.html

40 Seibersdorf Laboratories http://www.seibersdorf-laboratories.at/en/home.html

41 University of Innsbruck/Universität Innsbruck http://www.uibk.ac.at/

42 Institute for Experimental Physics http://www.uibk.ac.at/exphys/

43 Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator http://isotopenforschung.univie.ac.at/

44 Nuclear Physics Department http://kernphysik.univie.ac.at/index.php?id=903

45 University of Vienna/Universität Wienn http://www.univie.ac.at/?L=2

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

Monitoring, Betrieb & Sicherheit (NIMBUS)46; and by the Association EUROATOM-OAW47.

Institutions such as the Institute of High Energy Physics/Institut für Hochenergiephysik (HEPHY)48 collaborates with European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN)49 in some nuclear projects although it is not its specialisation.

Finally, the World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS)50 based in Vienna is focused on a fast and sustainable improvement of security at nuclear facilities.

STAKEHOLDERS

There are some institutions in Austria that partici-pate in the development and improvement of nucle-ar education which includes the Austrian Physical

46 NIMBUS Institute/Institut für Nukleareinrichtungen, Monitoring, Betrieb & Sicherheit http://www.nimbus-institute.eu/

47 Association EUROATOM- coordinates projects of the Vienna University of Technology, the Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics, the Graz University of Technology, the Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, the University of Vienna, the University of Innsbruck and the Research Studios Austria http://www.oeaw.ac.at/euratom/forschung_e.html

48 Institute of High Energy Physics/Institut für Hochenergiephysik (HEPHY) http://www.hephy.at/en/institute/

49 European Organisation for Nuclear Research/CERN http://public.web.cern.ch/public/

50 World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS) based in Vienna http://www.wins.org/content.aspx?id=2

Society/Österreichische Physikalische Gesell-schaft51 and the Association EUROATOM-OAW.

Regarding the stakeholders in the nuclear field, the most important employers in Austria include the following:

ABB AG Österreich52, Alstom53, Böhler Edelstahl54, BT55, Bureau Veritas Group56, Camfil Farr57, Cegelec58, DLA Piper59, Enconet Consulting60, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer61,

51 Austrian Physical Society/Österreichische Physikalische Gesellschaft http://www.oepg.at/

52 ABB AG Österreich is an International Swedish company based in Austria http://www.abb.com/

53 Alstom is a French company based in Austria http://www.alstom.com/home/

54 Böhler Edelstahl is an Austrian company with presence in Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/

55 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 56 Bureau Veritas Group is a French company with a

subsidiary in Austria http://www.bureauveritas.com/wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group

57 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/58 Cegelec originally is a French company that has a German

subsidiary which operates in Austria http://www.cegelec.com/ http://www.cegelec.de/

59 DLA Piper is a US company with presence in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and the UK http://www.dlapiper.com

60 Enconet Consulting http://www.enconet.com/ 61 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer http://www.freshfields.

com

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Austria

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GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy International62, Hyder Consulting63, Johan Nemetz, Lanza64,

62 GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy International is a Japanese-US company with presence in Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK http://www.gepower.com/home/index.htm

63 Hyder Consulting http://www.hyderconsulting.com/EN/Pages/default.aspx

64 Lanza http://www.lanza.at/en/company/profile.html

M+W Group65, Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf66, Roxtec67, Sandvik68, Siemens Österreich69.

65 M+W Group http://www.mwgroup.net 66 Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf http://www.nuclear-

engineering.at/home_en.html67 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com 68 Sandvik is a Swedish company that operates in Austria

http://www.sandvik.com/ 69 Siemens Österreich is a German Company that operates in

Austria http://w1.siemens.com/entry/cee/de/

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Austria [%]

INDUSTRY IN AUSTRIA

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Austria

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

BELGIUM

The Belgian nuclear power programme started in 1974. Currently, there are seven nuclear reactors operating in Belgium - four at Doel and three at Tihange, all PWRs, and together they produce about half of the country’s domestically-generated electricity70. In addition, there are three research reactors still in operation.

However, in 2003, the Belgian Senate approved the Federal Act71 which prohibits the building of new nuclear power plants and limits the operating lives of the existing ones to 40 years so that by 2025 no nuclear power plants would be in operation in Belgium.

The public authorities in Belgium with responsibilities in the nuclear field are: the Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC)72 which is the regulatory body for all nuclear activities, its support organisation BEL V73; and the Organisation for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials (ONDRAF/NIRAS) which is responsible for the management of radioactive waste.

The current dependency on nuclear power is reflected in the higher educational opportunities available in Belgium. The educational institutions in the country are seen to have an important role in the dissemination of knowledge in the nuclear field, especially in the area of research.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Belgium is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). The only Bachelor’s degree available in the nuclear field is the one on Industrial Sciences – Nuclear Engineering74 at the XIOS University College

70 Nuclear Power in Belgium. World Nuclear Association. Updated October 2009. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf94.html

71 By the Federal Act of 31 January 2003 the Belgian Senate approves the legislation on phasing out Belgian nuclear power plants no later than 40 years from the date on which operations started. Belgium. Nuclear Power Situation. Nuclear Energy Agency. http://www.nea.fr/html/general/profiles/belgium.html

72 Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC) www.fanc.fgov.be

73 BEL V. www.belv.be74 Industrial Sciences: Nuclear Engineering http://www.xios.

be/portal/alias__Rainbow/lang__nl-BE/tabID__3482/DesktopDefault.aspx

Limburg/ Xios Hogeschool Limburg75, where there is the possibility of combining a Bachelor’s degree in Engineering with some courses in the nuclear field and more specifically with a Master’s degree in Nuclear Engineering which is offered by several universities. The most relevant of these Master courses is the inter-university Master’s degree in Nuclear Engineering offered by the Belgian Nuclear Higher Education Network (BNEN)76 which is a consortium of the following six universities along with the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre/Studencentrum Voor Kerkenergie/Centre d’Etude de l’Energie Nucleaire (SCK•CEN):

• the University of Ghent /Universiteit Ghent77;

• the Catholic University of Leuven/Katholieke Universiteit Leuven78;

• the Catholic University of Louvain/Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL)79;

• the Free University of Brussels/ Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)80;

• the University of Liege/Université de Liège81;

75 Xios Hogeschool Limburg http://www.xios.be/portal/alias__Rainbow/lang__nl-BE/tabID__3423/DesktopDefault.aspx

76 The Belgian Nuclear Higher Education Network, BNEN, is a network of six Belgium universities and Belgian Nuclear Research Centre/Studencentrum Voor Kerkenergie/Centre d’Etude de l’Energie Nucleaire (SCK CEN). These universities are: Free University of Brussels/ Université Libre de Bruxelles, Free University of Brussels/Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ghent University/Universiteit Ghent, Khatolieke Universiteit Leuven/Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University of Liege/Université de Liège and University Catholic of Louvain/ Université Catholique de Louvain.

77 Ghent University/Universiteit Ghent http://www.ugent.be/en

Master Course is the interuniversity Master of Nuclear Enginnering http://www.opleidingen.ugent.be/studiegids/2009/EN/STUDY/M/M410/ENNUCL/INDEX.HTM

78 Catholic University Leuven/Katholieke Universiteit Leuven http://www.kuleuven.be/english/

Master of Nuclear Engineering (interuniversity) http://www.kuleuven.be/onderwijs/aanbod/opleidingen/E/SC_51016778.htm http://www.kuleuven.be/onderwijs/aanbod/opleidingen/E/CQ_50268907.htm

79 Catholic University of Louvain/ Université Catholique de Louvain http://www.uclouvain.be/en-index.html

Advanced Master in Nuclear Engineering (interuniversity) http://www.uclouvain.be/en-prog-2008-gnuc2mc.html

80 Free University of Brussels/ Université Libre de Bruxelles http://www.ulb.be/index.html

81 University of Liege/ Université de Liège http://www.ulg.ac.be/cms/c_5000/home

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and

• the Free University of Brussels/Vrije Univer-siteit Brussel (VRIJ)82.

The BNEN is supported by the major stakeholders in the nuclear industry in Belgium including Tractebel Engineering and Electrabel.

As well as this inter-university degree in Nuclear Engineering, there are a number of other Master’s degrees which includes the following:

• the University of Ghent/ Universiteit Ghent of-fers a European degree in Nuclear Fusion Sci-ence and Engineering Physics83 and Postgradu-ate Studies in Radiation Protection84;

• the Free University of Brussels/ Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) offers a degree in Nuclear Medicine85 ; and

• the University of Liege/ Université de Liège offers an Advanced Master’s degree in Nuclear Medecine86.

As indicated above, the XIOS University College Limburg/ Xios Hogeschool Limburg offer a Master’s degree in Industrial Sciences/ Nuclear Engineering87.

82 Free University of Brussels/ Vrije Universiteit Brussel http://www.vub.ac.be/

83 Master in Nuclear Fusion Science and Engineering Physics http://www.opleidingen.ugent.be/studiegids/2009/NL/FACULTY/TW/MABA/EMNFEP/DOEL/INDEX.HTM

The Ghent University/Universiteit Ghent is the coordinator of this Master which is taught in collaboration with the Henri Poincaré University/ Université Henri Poincaré (Nancy, France), the Kungliga Tekniska Högskola (Stockholm, Sweden), the Complutense University of Madrid/Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Madrid, Spain ), the Charles III University of Madrid/ Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Madrid, Spain), the Polytechnical University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Madrid, Spain) and the Stuttgart University/Universität Stuttgart (Stuttgart, Germany).

84 Postgraduate Studies in Radiation Protection http://www.opleidingen.ugent.be/studiegids/2009/EN/STUDY/P/P250/DYRADP/INDEX.HTM

85 Master Complémentaire en Médecine Nucléaire http://www.ulb.ac.be/catalogue/medecine/ME-MEDN.html

86 Advanced Master in Nuclear Medicine http://progcours.ulg.ac.be/cocoon/en/programmes/MHNUCL01.html

87 Industrial Sciences: Nuclear Engineering http://www.xios.be/portal/alias__Rainbow/lang__nl-BE/tabID__3482/DesktopDefault.aspx

The Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles (ISIB)88 offers a Master’s degree in Industrial Engineering with specialisition in Physical and Nuclear Engineering89.

Regarding Doctorate degrees, there are two possibilities: the University of Ghent/Universiteit Ghent offers a Doctorate under the supervision of the Nuclear Structure and Correlations in the Nuclear Many Body System Division90; and the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre/Studencentrum Voor Kernenergie/Centre d’Etude de l’Energie Nucleaire (SCK•CEN)91 offers the Doctorate in the nuclear field92.

In addition there are a number of courses in the nuclear field offered by universities which includes: the University of Ghent/Universiteit Ghent offers a Post Academic Course in Nuclear Medicine93 with similar characteristics to a Master’s degree; the Catholic University of Louvain/Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) offers courses on an Introduction to Nuclear Engineering and Reactor Technology94 and Nuclear Reactor Theory and Experiments95.

The Department of Physics of the University of Antwerp/Universiteit Antwerpen96 offers courses on Nuclear Chemistry and Radioprotection/Nucleaire Chemie en Radioprotectie97,

88 Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles http://www.isib.be/

89 Master in Science of the Industrial Engineer-nuclear specialisation http://www.isib.be/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27&Itemid=89

90 Nuclear Structure and Correlations in the Nuclear Many Body System Division http://www.nustruc.ugent.be/index.htm

91 Belgian Nuclear Research Centre/Studiecentrum voor Kernenrgie/Centre d’etude de l’Energie Nucleaire http: www.sckcen.be

92 SCK•CEN PhD http://www.sckcen.be/en/Education-Training/Guidance-for-young-researchers/A-career-in-nuclear-research

93 Post Academic Course in Nuclear Medicine http://www.uznuclear.ugent.be/

94 Introduction to Nuclear Engineering and Reactor Technology http://www.uclouvain.be/en-cours-2009-meca2600.html

95 Nuclear Reactor Theory and Experiments http://www.uclouvain.be/en-cours-2009-meca2647.html

96 Antwerpen University/ Universiteit Antwerpen http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=.ENGLISH

97 Nuclear Chemistry and Radioprotection http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=.OOD2009&n=74082&ct= 074082&e=196352&detail=3BCHE-K-10

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

Nuclear Physics98 and Subatomic Physics99. The Free University of Brussels offers courses in Nuclear Physics100 and Physics of Thermonuclear Fusion101.

The University of Liege/Université de Liège offers several courses which include: Cold Atoms and Atomic Clocks102, Biospectroscopies and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applied to Biology103, Nuclear Chemistry104, Fundamental problems in physics in relation to medical radiodiagnosis, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine105 and Radio Protection106.

The Free University of Brussels/Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VRIJ) offers courses which include: Introduction to Nuclear Physics107; Nuclear Materials I108; Nuclear Materials II109; Nuclear Reactor Theory and Experiments110; Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics111;

98 Nuclear Physics http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=.OODE2009&n=74079&ct=074079&e=196340&detail=MFYS9008

99 Subatomic Physics http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=.OODE2009&n=74077&ct=074077&e=196327&detail=GLNATU01A10141

100 Nuclear Physics http://web1.ulb.ac.be/catalogue/sciences/cours/PHYS-F-306-en.html

101 Physics of Thermonuclear Fusion http://web1.ulb.ac.be/catalogue/sciences/cours/PHYS-F-465-en.html

102 Cold Atoms and Atomic Clocks http://progcours.ulg.ac.be/cocoon/cours/PHYS0932-1.html

103 Biospectroscopies and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applied to Biology http://progcours.ulg.ac.be/cocoon/cours/CHIM9218-1.html

104 Nuclear Chemistry http://progcours.ulg.ac.be/cocoon/cours/CHIM0096-1.html

105 Fundamental problems of physics in relation to the medical radiodiagnosis, the radiotherapy and the nuclear medicine http://progcours.ulg.ac.be/cocoon/cours/PHYS0952-1.html

106 Radioprotection http://progcours.ulg.ac.be/cocoon/cours/RADP0141-1.html

107 Introduction to Nuclear Physics http://aiv.vub.ac.be/opaweb/index?page=variantoo&omaNummer=11415&doelgroep=TS&language=en

108 Nuclear Materials I http://aiv.vub.ac.be/opaweb/index?page=variantoo&omaNummer=11421&doelgroep=TS&language=en

109 Nuclear Materials II http://aiv.vub.ac.be/opaweb/index?page=variantoo&omaNummer=11422&doelgroep=TS&language=en

110 Nuclear Reactor Theory and Experiments http://aiv.vub.ac.be/opaweb/index?page=variantoo&omaNummer=11416&doelgroep=TS&language=en

111 Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics http://aiv.vub.ac.be/opaweb/index?page=variantoo&omaNummer=11417&doelgroep=TS&language=en

Physics of Nuclear Technology112; and Radiation Protection and Nuclear Measurements113.

Finally, the Xios Hogeschool Limburg offers the Postgraduate Radiation Expert course in addition to the course on Radiation Protection.

The importance of nuclear knowledge in Belgium is reflected by the fact that the Federal Agency for Nuclear Control/Federal Agentsschap Voor Nucleaire Controle/Agence Fédérale de Contrôle Nucléaire (FANC/AFCN)114, which carries out important work in the nuclear safety field, offers training courses in several nuclear fields such as medicine and waste recycling. This includes the following training for drivers transporting nuclear material offered by the FANC Training Agency115: ADR initial course of specialisation Class 7116; Refresher Class 7117; and Training and examination of safety advisers for ADR-RID Class 7118.

As well as FANC, another institution involved in nuclear security is the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials/Organisme National des Déchets Radioactifs et des Matiéres Fissiles Enrichies/Nationale instelling Voor Radioactief afval en verrijte Splijtstoffen (ONDRAF/NIRAS)119.

Regarding training in the nuclear field, the University of Ghent/Universiteit Ghent offers Permanent Training in Nuclear Medicine120 and in Radiation

112 Physics of Nuclear Technology http://aiv.vub.ac.be/opaweb/index?page=variantoo&omaNummer=12527&doelgroep=TS&language=en

113 Radiation Protection and Nuclear Measurements http://aiv.vub.ac.be/opaweb/index?page=variantoo&omaNummer=11423&doelgroep=TS&language=en

114 Federal Agency for Nuclear Control/Federal Agentsschap Voor Nucleaire Controle/Agence Fédérale de Contrôle Nucléaire http://www.fanc.fgov.be/page/homepage-agence-federale-de-controle-nucleaire-afcn/1.aspx

115 http://www.fanc.fgov.be/fr/page/formations-de-l-agence-afcn/205.aspx#P_3342

116 http://www.fanc.fgov.be/fr/page/formations-de-l-agence-afcn/205.aspx#P_3206

117 http://www.fanc.fgov.be/fr/page/formations-de-l-agence-afcn/205.aspx#P_3208

118 http://www.fanc.fgov.be/fr/page/formations-de-l-agence-afcn/205.aspx#P_4260

119 Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials/Organisme National des Déchets Radioactifs et des Matiéres Fissiles Enrichies/Nationale instelling Voor Radioactief afval en verrijte Splijtstoffen http://www.niras.be/

120 Permanent Training in Nuclear Medicine http://www.opleidingen.ugent.be/studiegids/2009/EN/STUDY/P/P300/INDEX.HTM

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Protection-Diagnostic Use of X-Rays. In the same way, the Association Vinçotte Nuclear (AVN)121 has a permanent training programme.

In the nuclear field there are important institutions involved in the research which include the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre/Studiecentrum Voor Kernenergie/Centre d’Etude de l’Energie Nucleaire (SCK•CEN) and more specifically its Institutes for: Nuclear Materials Science (NMS)122, Advanced Nuclear Systems (ANS)123 and Environment, Health and Safety (EHS)124.

The European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Clay Environments EURIDICE125 has a very important role in nuclear research. In addition, research is carried out at the University of Ghent/Universiteit Ghent which has the following departments/divisions involved in nuclear research: the Department of Applied Physics126, the Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics127, and the Nuclear Medicine Division128. The Catholic University of Leuven/Katholieke Universiteit Leuven is involved in nuclear research which is done in the Division of Nuclear Medicine129, the Nuclear and Radiation Physics Group130, the Nuclear Solid State Group131 and the Nuclear Spectroscopy Group132.

121 Association Vinçotte Nuclear http://www.avn.be/doc.php?nd=o2&tid=2&lg=1&docid=29&site=1

122 Institute for Nuclear Materials Science (NMS) http://www.sckcen.be/en/Our-Research/Scientific-

Institutes-Expert-Groups/Nuclear-Materials-Science123 Institute for Advanced Nuclear Systems (ANS) http://www.sckcen.be/en/Our-Research/Scientific-

Institutes-Expert-Groups/Advanced-Nuclear-Systems124 Institute for Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) http://www.sckcen.be/en/Our-Research/Scientific-

Institutes-Expert-Groups/Environment-Health-and-Safety125 European Underground Research Infrastructure for

Disposal of Nuclear Waste In Clay Environment (EURIDICE) http://www.euridice.be/eng/00home.shtm126 Department of Applied Physics http://www.ugent.be/ir/

appliedphysics/en/research/fusion127 Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics http://

ssf.ugent.be/en/home128 Nuclear Medecine Division http://www.uznuclear.ugent.

be/129 Division of Nuclear Medecine http://www.kuleuven.be/

nucmed/index.htm130 Nuclear and Radiation Physics Group http://fys.kuleuven.

be/iks/ 131 Nuclear Solid State Group http://fys.kuleuven.be/iks/

nvsf/index.php 132 Nuclear Spectroscopy Group http://fys.kuleuven.be/iks/

lisol/index.php

Further nuclear research is carried out by the Department of Mechanics133 of the Catholic University of Louvain/Université Catholique de Louvain, the Chemistry Department134 of the University of Antwerp /Universiteit Antwerpen and the Nuclear, Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy Institute/Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Atomique et de Spectroscopie135 of the University of Liege/Université de Liège.

The Free University of Brussels/Université Libre de Bruxelles has three research institutions: the Department of Theoretical Nuclear Physics and Mathematical Physics/Physique Nucléaire Teorique et Physique Mathématique Department136, the Nuclear Metrology Service/Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (SMN)137 and the Statistical and Plasma Physics research unit138.

In addition, there are four institutions deeply involved in the development of nuclear knowledge: the Association Vinçoyye Nuclear (AVN)139, The Institut National des Radioéléments (IRE)140, the JRC-Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements141 and the Belgian Nuclear Higher Education Network (BNEN).

STAKEHOLDERS

Regarding the importance of the nuclear energy there are a great number of companies involved in the nuclear field in Belgium which includes: Ateliers

133 Department of mechanics http://www.uclouvain.be/en-meca.html

134 Chemistry Department http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=.ONDERZKDBE&n=40312&id=UA052

135 Nuclear, Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy Institute/Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Atomique et de Spectroscopie http://www.ipnas.ulg.ac.be/ under the umbrella of SCK/CEN and ONDRAF/NIRAS

136 Theoretical Nuclear Physics and Mathematical Physics Department/ Physique Nucléaire Theorique et Physique Mathématique Department http://pntpm.ulb.ac.be/pntpm/index.htm

137 Nuclear Service of Metrology /Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (SMN) http://mntek3.ulb.ac.be/pub/

138 Statistical and Plasma Physics research unit http://plasma-mac6.ulb.ac.be/~dcf/twiki/bin/view/SPP/WebHome

139 Association Vinçotte Nuclear http://www.avn.be/doc.php?nd=o2&tid=2&lg=1&docid=29&site=1

140 Institut National des Radioéléments (IRE) http://www.ire.eu/en/index_en.php

141 JRC-Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements http://irmm.jrc.ec.europa.eu/html/homepage.htm

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Belgium

Böhler Edelstahl160, BT161, Bureau Veritas Group162, DLA Piper163, Field Fisher Waterhouse164, Fluor Corporation165, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer166, Gardiner & Theobald167, Hammonds168, Herbert Smith169, M+W Group170, Morgan Lewis171, MWH172, Norton Rose173, Osborne Clarke International174,

160 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/161 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 162 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group163 DLA Piper http://www.dlapiper.com/ 164 Field Fisher Waterhouse http://www.ffw.com165 Fluor Corporation is an US company present in many EU-

27 countries: Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.fluor.com/pages/default.aspx

166 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer http://www.freshfields.com/

167 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/ 168 Hammonds http://www.hammonds.com/ 169 Herbert Smith http://www.herbertsmith.com/ 170 M+W Group http://www.mwgroup.net/ 171 Morgan Lewis is an US company with presence in Belgium,

France, Germany and United Kingdom http://www.morganlewis.com/

172 MWH is an US company with presence in Belgium, Italy, Netherlands and United Kingdom http://www.mwhglobal.com/

173 Norton Rose http://www.nortonrose.com/ 174 Osborne Clarke International http://www.osborneclarke.

com/

de la Meuse142, Belgatom143, Belgonucleaire144, Belgoprocess145, Clifford Change146, Cockerill Maintenance & Ingénierie147, Electrabel148, IBA149, Société Coopérative de Production d’Électricité150, Synatom151, Tractebel Engineering152 and Transnubel153.

The international companies that have subsidiaries in Belgium include: ABB Group154, Allen & Overy LLP155, Alstom156, Ashurst157, Assytem158, Areva159,

142 Ateliers de la Meuse http://www.alm.be/ 143 http://www.belgatom.be/homenoflash.htm144 http://www.belgonucleaire.be/uk/default.htm145 http://www.belgoprocess.be/eng/AboutUs.htm 146 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html 147 http://www.cmigroupe.com/148 http://www.electrabel.com/whoarewe/whoarewe.aspx 149 IBA http://www.iba-worldwide.com/gateway 150 http://www.spe.be/index.php?page=home&lang=en 151 http://www.synatom.com/fr/news152 Tractebel Engineering belongs to GDF-Suez Group http://

gb.engineering-gdfsuez.com/ http://www.technum.be/siteUK.html

153 Transnubel http://www.transnubel.be/ 154 The Swedish ABB Group has a subsidiary in Belgium

http://www.abb.com/ 155 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/

Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410156 As well as other companies the French company Asltom is

present in Belgium http://www.alstom.com/home/ 157 Ashurst http://www.ashurst.com/home.aspx?id_

Content=2158 Assystem http://www.assystem.com/ 159 Areva (International company with presence in Belgium)

http://www.areva.com/

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Outokumpu175, Parsons Brinckerhoff176, Roxtec177, Sarens178, Serco179, Simmons & Simmons, URS180, White & Case181, and Westinghouse Electric Belgium182.

175 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 176 Parsons Brinckerhoff is an US company with subsidiaries

in Belgium, Germany, Poland, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.pbworld.com/

177 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 178 Sarens http://www.sarens.com/default.asp?id=1&mnu=1 179 Serco http://www.serco.com/ 180 URS is an US international company with presence in

Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Sspain, Sweden and United Kingdom http://www.urscorp.eu/

181 White & Case http://www.whitecase.com/ 182 Westinghouse is a US company with presence in Belgium,

Bulgaria, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden and the UK http://www.westinghousenuclear.com/

Finally Belgian Nuclear Research Centre/Studiecentrum Voor Kernenergie/Centre d’Etude de l’Energie Nucleaire (SCK•CEN) and the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials/Organisme National des Déchets Radioactifs et des Matiéres Fissiles Enrichies/Nationale Instelling voor Radioactief Afval en Verrijkte Splijtstoffen (ONDRAS/NIRAS) are as well nuclear stakeholders.

INDUSTRY IN BELGIUM

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Belgium [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Belgium

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

BULGARIA

Currently, there are two nuclear reactors operating in Bulgaria at Kozloduy. They are both VVERs and together they produce about one third of the country’s electricity. The four older plants at Kozloduy which were all VVERs have been shut down. Two further units, both VVERs, are being constructed at Belene.

In the past few years, Bulgaria has upgraded the Kozloduy nuclear power plant to bring the two units into line with IAEA safety standards and increased the knowledge of its human resources in the nuclear field.

The Bulgarian nuclear regulatory body is the Nuclear Regulatory Agency/ Агенция за ядрено регулиране183.

Bulgaria launched its national educational programme in nuclear engineering in the 70’s and the proposal to build new nuclear power plants and to continue to operate the existing ones means that this will continue, especially in the research field.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Bulgaria is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). Bulgaria offers courses in the nuclear field at all three levels.

The Bachelor’s degrees available include the following:

• the University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski184, one of the main technical universities of Bulgaria, offers Bachelor’s degrees in a number of different fields related to nuclear and radiation protection including: Dosimetry and Radiation Protection185, Nuclear Chemistry186, Nuclear Technology and Nuclear Power

183 Burgarian Nuclear Regulatory Agency. http://www.bnsa.bas.bg

184 Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski/Софийски Университет Св. Климент Охридски http://portal.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/

185 Dosimetry and Radiation protection http://atomic.phys.uni-sofia.bg/for-students-1/bachelors/

bachelor-paths/dosimetry-and-radiation-protection/view186 Nuclear Physics http://atomic.phys.uni-sofia.bg/for-

students-1/bachelors/bachelor-paths/nuclear-physics/view

Engineering (Nuclear Techniques and Energetics)187; and

• the Technical University of Sofia188 offers a Bachelor’s degree in Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering189 which complements its Nuclear Power Engineering Master’s degree190.

Regarding Master’s degrees, the University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski offers two options in the nuclear field: Nuclear Techniques and Technologies, and Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particles191.

Regarding Doctorates, there are two possibilities:

• the University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski of-fers a degree in Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particles192; and

• the Technical University of Sofia offers a degree in Nuclear Power Engineering193.

In addition to these degrees, some Bulgarian universities offer courses in the nuclear field which includes: the Plodiv University Paisii Hilendarski194 which offers a Postgraduate course in Nuclear Physics Method195; and the Ruse University/Русенски университет “Ангел Кънчев”196 which offers courses in Atomic and Nuclear Physics, and General and Applied Physics.

187 Nuclear Techonology and Nuclear Power Engineering http://portal.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/faculties/

faculty_of_physics2/degree_programmes/bachelor_s_degree_programmes

188 Technical University of Sofia/Технически Университет – София http://www.tu-sofia.bg/ENG/index.html

189 Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering http://dtnpe.tu-sofia.bg/?section=11&language=us

190 Nuclear Power Engineering http://dtnpe.tu-sofia.bg/?section=11&language=us

191 Nuclear Techniques and Technologies http://portal.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/faculties/

faculty_of_physics2/degree_programmes/master_s_degree_programmes

192 Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particles http://portal.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/faculties/

faculty_of_physics2/degree_programmes/master_s_degree_programmes

193 Nuclear Power Engineering http://dtnpe.tu-sofia.bg/?section=11&language=us

194 Plodiv University Paisii Hilendarski/Пловдивски Университет http://www.uni-plovdiv.bg/?ln=2

195 Postgraduate Nuclear Physics Methods http://www.uni-plovdiv.bg/site.jsp?ln=2&id=57

196 Ruse University/ Русенски университет «Ангел Кънчев» http://www.ru.acad.bg/en/ru.php

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The Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE)197 of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences198 offers the following courses: Neutron Physics and Physics of Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Physics and Physics of Elementary Particles and High Energies; which are all at Doctorate degree level.

The institutions that are involved in nuclear research include: the Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE), the Atomic Physics Department199 of the University of Sofia and the Department of Applied Physics200 and the Research and Development Sector (R&DS)201 of the Technical University of Sofia.

STAKEHOLDERS

The presence of Bulgarian and International nuclear companies in Bulgaria is important and

197 Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE)/Институтът за ядрени изследвания и ядрена енергетика (ИЯИЯЕ) http://www.inrne.bas.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0181&g=

198 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences/Българска Академия на Науките http://www.bas.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0200

199 Atomic Physics Department http://atomic.phys.uni-sofia.bg/

200 Department of Applied Physics http://phys.tu-sofia.bg/index-en.htm#C

201 Research and Development Sector (R&DS) http://www.tu-sofia.bg/ENG/r&ds/home.htm

includes the following: Aegis202, Anils203, Astro204, AtomENERGOPROEKT205, Atomenergoremont206, Belene NPP, Bon Marine207, Chahov208, Complex Welding Services Bourgas209, Control engineering210, Dics Intertrade211, Electroenergoproekt212, Elkabel213, Elox-Prom214, Emco215, Enemona216, Energo Service217, Energoremont Holding218, Energostroymontaj -Engineering219, Enpro Consult220,

202 Aegis http://aegisgroup.net/_sgg/m4m1_1.htm203 Anils http://www.amec.com/204 Astro http://www.astroeng.bg/205 AtomENERGOPROEKT http://www.atomepr.com/main.php206 Atomenergoremont http://kary.hit.bg/ 207 Bon Marine http://www.bonmarine.com/pa 4.php?lang= 208 Chahov http://www.chahov.com/ 209 Complex Welding Services Bourgas http://www.kzu-ltd.

hit.bg/eng.htm210 Control engineering http://controlbg.com/ 211 Dics Intertrade http://www.dicsintertrade.com/pages/

aboutus.htm212 Electroenergoproekt http://www.electroenpro.com/eng/

company.html213 Elkabel http://www.elkabel.bg/en/home214 Elox-Prom http://www.elox-prom.ru/eng_index.php215 Emco http://www.emco-bg.com/about_en.htm216 Enemona http://enemona.bg/english/217 Energo Service http://www.energoservicebg.com/new/218 Energoremont Holding http://www.erhold.bg/en/index.

php219 Energostroymontaj-Engineering http://www.esmi-bg.

com/home_en.php220 Enpro Consult http://www.enproco.com/

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Bulgaria

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

Eqe Bulgaria221, Executive Energy Efficiency Agency (EEA)222, Filkab223, Foundation Evgenii Balabanov224, Gardiner & Theobald225, Hydroremont IG226, Item Engineering227, InterAtomEnergo, Interpriborservice228, IPU- Sofia229, Kimtech Bulgaria230, Kozloduy NPP, Plc.231, Komos232, M.C. Triton Bulgaria233, Minstroy Holding234, Mistral TSS235, Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania EAD (NEK EAD)236, Nucleon237, Onet Technologies Bulgaria238, Outokumpu239, Partners Maint Company Ltd.240, PMU241, PMU . Svishtov242, Proservice NT243, Prostream Group244, Quant Engineering245,

221 Eqe Bulgaria http://www.eqe.bg/222 Executive ·Energy Efficiency Agency (EEA) http://www.

seea.government.bg/223 Filkab http://www.filkab.com/main/en/224 Foundation Evgenii Balabanov http://www.bulatom-g.org/

en/Partners/Fond_Evgenii_Balabanov.html225 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/226 Hydroremont IG http://www.hydroremont.com/indexeng.

html227 Item Engineering http://www.item-bg.com/228 Interpriborservice http://www.inpris.com/229 IPU- Sofia http://www.ipu.bg/showpage.php?PageID=6230 Kimtech Bulgaria http://www.kimtech.bg/index.php/en/

pages/about?PHPSESSID=18c121b099a1839557f5ceefb7cb58d0

231 Kozloduy NPP, Plc http://www.kznpp.org/index.php?lang=en

232 Komos http://www.komos-bg.com/index.php233 M.C. Triton Bulgaria http://www.mc-triton-bg.eu/index.

php?lang=en234 Minstroy Holding http://www.minstroy.com/index1d29.

html?lang=english235 Mistral TSS http://www.bulatom-bg.org/en/Partners/

Mistral_TSS.html236 Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania EAD (NEK EAD)

http://www.nek.bg/cgi?d=1000237 Nucleon http://www.nucleon.info/en/index.html238 Onet Technologies Bulgaria http://www.onet-

technologies.com/239 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 240 Partners Maint Company Ltd. http://www.pmcbg.com/241 PMU http://www.pmu-bs.com/index.php?lang=en242 PMU . Svishtov http://www.pmu-bg.com/index_en.php243 Proservice NT http://www.bulatom-bg.org/en/Partners/

Proservice.html244 Prostream Group http://www.prostream.bg/en_UK245 Quant Engineering http://www.qvant-bg.com/en/index.

html

Risk Engineering Bulgaria246, Roxtec247,Sakar248, SD Mistrasl TSS, SE Radioactive Waste249, Sika Bulgaria250, Sigmatron251, Simlogic252, Theta Consult253, Trafoservice254, Yonev Valkov Nenov255 and Vniiaies256.

Additionally, the international companies ABB Group257, Amec258, Areva259, Atomstroyexport260, Bureau Veritas Group261, Siemens Bulgaria262, WorleyParsosn Europe Energy Services263 and Westinghouse264 are involved in many nuclear projects in Bulgaria.

246 Risk Engineering Bulgaria http://www.riskeng.bg/en/home/home

247 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 248 Sakar http://www.sakar-varna.com/index.php?lng=en249 SE Radioactive Waste http://www.dprao.bg/250 Sika Bulgaria http://www.sika.bg/ http://www.sakar-

varna.com/index.php?lng=en251 Sigmatron http://www.sigmatron.bg/252 Simlogic http://simlogic.bg/pages/nav_eng.html253 Theta Consult http://www.thetaconsult.com/eng/0_eng_

home.htm254 Trafoservice http://www.trafoservice.net/255 Yonev Valkov Nenov http://www.yvn-bg.com/ 256 Vniiaies is a Russian Company which has business within

the Bulgarian Nuclear Sector http://www.vniiaes.ru/english/

257 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/258 Amec http://www.amec.com/259 Areva http://www.areva.com/ 260 Atomstroyexport http://www.atomstroyexport.com/261 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group262 Siemens Bulgaria http://w1.siemens.com/answers/cee/bg

/ http://w1.siemens.com/entry/cc/en/ 263 WorleyParsosn Europe Energy Services http://www.

worleyparsons.com/Pages/default.aspx http://www.belene-npp.com/

264 Westinghouse Bulgaria http://www.westinghouse.com/

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INDUSTRY IN BULGARIA

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Bulgaria [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Bulgaria

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

CYPRUS

Cyprus does not produce nuclear power and it does not have any involvement in the nuclear industry.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Cyprus is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). However, no degrees are offered that specialise in the nuclear field.

Only the University of Cyprus265 offers courses in the nuclear field which include: Advanced Topics in Nuclear Physics (special graduate course)266; Advanced Topics in Particle Physics267; and Measurement and Detection Techniques of Nuclear Radiation Physics of Hot and Compressed Nuclear Matter (special graduate course)268.

265 University of Cyprus http://www.new.ucy.ac.cy/goto/mainportal/en-US/HOME.aspx

266 Advanced Topics in Nuclear Physics (special graduate course) http://www.new.ucy.ac.cy/goto/physics/en-US/PHY659Advancedtopicsinnuclearphysics.aspx

267 Advanced Topics in Particle Physics http://www.new.ucy.ac.cy/goto/physics/en-US/PHY661AdvancedTopicsinParticlePhysics.aspx

268 Physics of Hot and Compressed Nuclear Matter (special graduate course)

http://www.new.ucy.ac.cy/goto/physics/en-US/PHY658Physicsofhotandcompressednuclearmatter.aspx

In addition, there are few opportunities to carry out research in the nuclear field. The University of Cyprus is the only one that carries out any research work in its Nuclear Physics Department269.

STAKEHOLDERS

The companies in Cyprus that are involved in the nuclear field include: Aker Solutions270, Böhler Edelstahl271, Bureau Veritas Group272 and Nuclear Diagnostics Company273.

269 Nuclear Physics Department http://www-np.ucy.ac.cy/270 Aker Solutions http://www.akersolutions.com/internet/

default.htm271 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/,272 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group273 Nuclear Diagnostics http://www.nucleardiagnostics.com.

cy/

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INDUSTRY IN CYPRUS

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Cyprus [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Cyprus

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

CZECH REPUBLIC

Currently there are six nuclear reactors operating in the Czech Republic – four at Ducovany and two at Temelin. All six units are VVERs and together they supply about one third of the countries electricity needs. Consideration is being given to the further development of nuclear power and in August 2009 the Government started a public tender for contractors to build two new reactors at Temelin. The country also has three research reactors and facilities for the storage of radioactive waste.

The Czech Republic has two national authorities that play an important role in the nuclear field: the State Office for Nuclear Safety (SUJB)274 which is the regulatory body and the Radioactive Waste Repository Authority/Správy úložišť radioaktivních odpadů275.

The higher educational opportunities available in the Czech Republic reflect the relatively high significance of nuclear power in the country.

EDUCATION

Higher education in the Czech Republic is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). Some of the universities offer Bachelor’s degrees in the nuclear field. The most important one is the Charles University in Prague/Univerzita Karlova v Praze276, which in its Faculty of Mathematics and Physics277 offers a degree in Plasma Physics and Ionized Environments.

Also the Czech Technical University in Prague/Ceské Vysoké Ucení Technicke278 offers some specialisations279 within this scope which includes: Dosimetry and Application of Ionising Radiation; Theory and Technology of Nuclear Reactors; Nuclear Facilities; Physics and Technology of Thermonuclear Vision; Experimental Nuclear Physics; Radiation Safety and Environment; and Physics and Technology of Thermonuclear Fusion.

274 State Office for Nuclear Safety (SUJB) http://www.sujb.cz/?r_id=26

275 Radioactive Waste Repository Authority/ Správy úložišť radioaktivních odpadů (RAWRA) http://www.rawra.cz/

276 Charles University in Prague/Univerzita Karlova v Praze http://www.cuni.cz/UKENG-1.html

277 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics http://www.mff.cuni.cz/

278 Czech Technical University in Prague/Ceské Vysoké Ucení Technicke http://www.cvut.cz/en?set_language=en

279 Specialisations http://www-en.fjfi.cvut.cz/DesktopDefault.aspx?ModuleId=1379

At the Master’s degree level, the Czech Technical University in Prague/Ceské Vysoké Ucení Technicke offers a number of specialisations which include: Dosimetry and Application of Ionising Radiation; Theory and Technology of Nuclear Reactors; Radiological Physics in Medicine; Experimental Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Energy and Environment; Physics and Technology of Thermonuclear Fusion; and Radiological Physics.

The Brno University of Technology/Vysoké Uceni Technické v Brne280 within its Master’s degree in Power Engineering has the possibility of a Nuclear Power Engineering Specialisation281.

There are more possibilities at Doctorate level in the nuclear field. The Institute of Physics282 of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic/Akademie věd ČR283 offers two nuclear specialisations: Plasma Physics and Ionized Environments; and Sub-nuclear Physics.

The Institute of Physics284 of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic offers the possibility of Doctorate students studying within the framework of the sub-nuclear physics program.

In addition, the Nuclear Physics Institute of the ASCR/Ústav Jaderné Fyziky AV CR v.v.i.285 collaborates with the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University in Prague and with the Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague/Ceské Vysoké Ucení Technicke in several Doctorate degrees in the nuclear field: Nuclear Chemistry; Nuclear Engineering; Nuclear Physics; and Sub-nuclear Physics.

The Charles University in Prague/Univerzita Karlova v Praze offers a wide range of courses in the nuclear field which includes: Applied Nuclear Physics286;

280 Brno University of Technology/Vysoké Uceni Technické v Brne http://www.vutbr.cz/?set_lang=1

281 Nuclear Power Engineering Specialisation http://oei.fme.vutbr.cz/en/

282 Institute of Physics http://www.fzu.cz/en283 Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic/ Akademie věd

ČR http://www.cas.cz/en/284 Institute of Physics http://www.fzu.cz/285 Nuclear Physics Institute of the ASCR/Ústav Jaderné

Fyziky AV CR v.v.i http://www.ujf.cas.cz/redaction.php?action=showRedaction&id_categoryNode=20

286 Applied Nuclear Physics http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF041

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Charged Particle Accelerators287; Electronics for Nuclear Physicists288; Experimental Methods in Nuclear Physics289; Experimental Methods of Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics290; Introductory Seminar on Nuclear and Sub-nuclear Seminar291; Many Body Problem in Nuclear Structure292; Nuclear Physics293; Nuclear Rections with Heavy Ions294; Optional Practical Course in Nuclear Physics295; Radioanalytical Methods296; Relativistic Description of Nuclear Systems297; Selected Topics on Nuclear Physics298; Semiconductor Detectors in Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics299; Seminar on Particle and Nuclear Physics I300; Seminar on Particle and Nuclear Physics301; Special Practical Course in Nuclear Physics302; Statistical Aspects of

287 Charged Particle Accelerators http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF070

288 Electronics for Nuclear Physicists http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF025

289 Experimental Methods in Nuclear Physics http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF026

290 Experimental Methods of Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF103

291 Introductory Seminar on Nuclear and Subnuclear Seminar http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NOFY012

292 Many Body Problem in Nuclear Structure http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF056

293 Nuclear Physics http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NUFY018

294 Nuclear Rections wirh Heavy Ions http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF116

295 Optional Practical Course in Nuclear Physics http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NUFY079

296 Radioanalytical Methods http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF024

297 Relativistic Description of Nuclear Systems http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF093

298 Selected Topics on Nuclear Physics http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NUFY019

299 Semiconductor Detectors in Nuclear and Sub-nuclear Physics http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF101

300 Seminar on Particle and Nuclear Physics I http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF091

301 Seminar on Particle and Nuclear Physics http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF092

302 Special Practical Course in Nuclear Physics http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF007

Nuclear Physics303; Statistical Nuclear Physics I304; Statistical Nuclear Physics II305; Theory of Nuclei and Nuclear Reactions I306; and Theory of Nuclei and Nuclear Reactions II307.

The University of Ostrava/Ostravská Univerzita v Ostrave308 offers several courses which includes Nuclear Power and Nuclear Power Equipment (by the Department of Power Engineering309).

The Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Czech Technical University in Prague offers several courses which includes: 3D Radiation Imaging Detectors310; Hypernuclei at Dubna and Darmstadt311; Neutron Beams, Neutron Filters and Time-of-flight Techniques in Capture Gamma-ray Spectroscopy312; Pathways to Energy from Inertial Fusion: an Aproach313; Research program for the Dubna Nuclotron314; Study of Hipernuclei with Nuclotron Beams, Status of project, test runs, nuclotron upgrade315; the progress in vertex detector construction for hypernuclear experiment at Nuclotron316; and Use of new accelerator

303 Statistical Aspects of Nuclear Physics http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF113

304 Statistical Nuclear Physics I http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF107

305 Statistical Nuclear Physics II http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF108

306 Theory of Nuclei and Nuclear Reactions I http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF037

307 Theory of Nuclei and Nuclear Reactions II http://is.cuni.cz/eng/studium/predmety/index.php?do=predmet&kod=NJSF038

308 University of Ostrava/Ostravská Univerzita v Ostrave http://www.osu.eu/

309 Department of Power Engineering http://www1.vsb.cz/ke/english/index.htm

310 3D Radiation Imaging Detectors http://www.utef.cvut.cz/index.php?Ns=102&id=1000039

311 Hypernuclei at Dubna and Darmstadt http://www.utef.cvut.cz/index.php?Ns=102&id=1000121

312 Neutron Beams, Neutron Filters and Time-of-flight Techniques in Capture Gamma-ray Spectroscopy http://www.utef.cvut.cz/index.php?Ns=102&id=1000002

313 Pathways to Energy from Inertial Fusion: an Approach http://www.utef.cvut.cz/index.php?Ns=102&id=1000146

314 Research program for the Dubna Nuclotron http://www.utef.cvut.cz/index.php?Ns=102&id=1000144

315 Study of Hipernuclei with Nuclotron Beams. Status of project, test runs, nuclotron upgrade http://www.utef.cvut.cz/index.php?Ns=102&id=1000164

316 The progress in vertex detector construction for hypernuclear experiment at Nuclotron http://www.utef.cvut.cz/index.php?Ns=102&id=1000043

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

Tandetron for material research, development of new structures and ion physics317.

There are a number of institutions involved in the nuclear research field. The main one is the Czech Nuclear Research Institute Rez/Ústav Jaderného Výzkumu Rez a.s. (UJV)318 takes part in the European Nuclear Safety Training Institute (ENSTTI)319 and offers several training courses. Others include:

• the Nuclear Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR);

• the Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics320 of the Charles University in Prague;

317 Use of new accelerator Tandetron for material research, development of new structures and ion physics http://www.utef.cvut.cz/index.php?Ns=102&id=1000191

318 Nuclear Research Institute Rez plc http://www.nri.cz/web/ujv/hlavni-strana. This institution consists of several research organisations Centre of Research Rez (http://www.nri.cz/web/ujv/centrum-vyzkumu-rez-s.r.o. ) which operate the reactors LVR-0 and LVR-15 in Rez, the Institute of Applied Mechanics, Ltd. (http://www.uam.cz/index_en.php) and the Skoda Vyzkum (http://skodavyzkum.cz/en/)

319 The European Nuclear Safety Training and Tutoring institute (ENSTTI) is a joint initiative of French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety/Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Germany’s Company for Plants and Reactor Safety/Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI) and Czech Nuclear Research Institute Rez/Ústav Jaderného Výzkumu Rez a.s. (UJV) http://www.enstti.eu/Pages/Home.aspx

320 Institute of Particle nd Nuclear Physics http://www-ucjf.troja.mff.cuni.cz/

• the Institute of Nuclear fuel of the UJP Prague321;

• the Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering322, Faculty of Mechanical Engineer-ing323 and the Faculty Electrical Engineering324 of the Czech Technical University in Prague/Ceské Vysoké Ucení Technicke;

• the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering325 of the University of West Bohemia/Západoceska Univerzita v Plzni326; and

• the Institute of Chemical Technology Prague/Vy-solá Skola Chemicko-Technologická v Praze327.

321 UJP-Praha http://www.ujp.cz/322 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering http://www-en.fjfi.cvut.cz/DesktopDefault.

aspx?ModuleId=1379323 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering http://www3.fs.cvut.

cz/web/?L=1324 Faculty Electrical Engineering http://www.feld.cvut.cz/en/325 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering http://www.fst.zcu.cz/

en/o-fakulte/katedry/kke.html326 University of West Bohemia/Západoceska Univerzita v

Plzni http://www.zcu.cz/en/327 Institute of Chemical Technology Prague/Vysolá Skola

Chemicko-Technologická v Praze http://www.vscht.cz/homepage/english/main

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in the Czech Republic

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The Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering (CTU) also operates the training school for the experimental reactor Vrabec VR-1328.

The Czech Nuclear Education Network (CENEN)329, which is the academic association of Czech educational institutions, offers teaching and training within the field of Nuclear Engineering and is involved in the development of Czech nuclear education to a high standard. The Nuclear Information Centre/Ústav Jadernych Informací Zbraslav a.s. collaborated through its task of nuclear knowledge dissemination.

STAKEHOLDERS

The companies from the Czech Republic that are involved in the nuclear field include: Cez Energoservis330, Czech Power Enterprise (CEZ Group)331, Diamo332, EGP Invest333, I & C Energo334, Kralovopolska335, Modřanská Potrubní336, Orgrez SC337, PBS První Brněnská Strojírna338, Pro Engineering339, Skoda JS340, Skoda Praha341, Va Tech EZ, VF342, Vitkovice343, Zam Services344 and ZVVZ Emen Engineering345.

328 School Experimental Reactor Vrabec VR-1 - http://www.fjfi.cvut.cz/Stara_verze/k417/eng_k417.htm

329 Czech Nuclear Education Network (CENEN) http://www.cenen.cz/kontakt.html

330 Cez Energoservis http://www.cezenergoservis.cz/ 331 Czech Power Enterprise (CEZ Group) http://www.cez.cz/

en/cez-group/cez-group.html332 Diamo http://www.diamo.cz/en/333 EGP Invest http://www.egpi.cz/index.php334 I & C Energo http://www.ic-energo.cz/aj/page.php335 Kralovopolska http://www.kralovopolska.cz/ 336 Modřanská Potrubní http://www.modrany.cz/index.php?x

SET=lang&xLANG=2&xLANGNAME=Eng337 Orgrez SC http://www.osc.cz/eng/firma/historie_eng.asp338 PBS První Brněnská Strojírna http://www.pbs.cz/eng/ 339 Pro Engineering http://www.pro-eng.com/ 340 Skoda JS http://www.skoda-js.cz/en/news/current-

information/49-skoda-js-strengthens-business-as-well-as-technology.shtml

341 Skoda Praha http://www.skodapraha.cz/en/reference.php?obor=reference&content=jaderne

342 VF http://www.vf.eu/343 Vitkovice http://www.vitkovice.cz/default/index/index/

site/10/lang/en/344 Zam Services http://www.zam.cz/O_ENGLISH/index.htm345 ZVVZ Emen Engineering http://www.zvvz.cz/en/zvvz-as/

fans-megtec-division/general-informations.html

The international companies that are represented in the Czech Republic include: ABB Group346, AF Consult347, Allen & Overy LLP348, Amec349, Asltom350, Areva351, Atomstroyexport352, Böhler Edelstahl, BT353, Bureau Veritas Group, Camfil Farr354, Clifford Change355 DLA Piper356, Gardiner & Theobald357, GERB358, Gleeds Worldwide359, M+W Group360, Mott MacDonald361, Norton Rose362, Outokumpu363 and Roxtec364.

346 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/347 AF Consult http://www.afconsult.com/en348 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/

Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410349 Amec http://www.amec.com/350 Alstom http://www.alstom.com/home/351 Areva http://www.areva.com/ 352 Atomstroyexport http://www.atomstroyexport.com353 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do354 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/355 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html356 DLA Piper http://www.dlapiper.com/ 357 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/ 358 GERB http://www.gerb.com/index_en.php359 Gleeds Worldwide http://www.gleeds.com/worldwide/

index.cfm? 360 M+W Group http://www.mwgroup.net/ 361 Mott MacDonald http://www.mottmac.cz/362 Norton Rose http://www.nortonrose.com/363 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 364 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

INDUSTRY IN CZECH REPUBLIC

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in the Czech Republic [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in the Czech Republic

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DENMARK

Denmark does not have a nuclear power programme. In 1985, the Parliament passed a resolution that nuclear power would not be generated in the country and that no nuclear power plants would be built. Denmark had three research reactors which have all now been decommissioned and the fuel has been removed.

Denmark does not have a nuclear regulatory body. In the event of a nuclear emergency abroad, the Nuclear Division of the Danish Emergency Management Agency/Beredskabs Styrelsen (DEMA)365 is the agency that will take action to protect Danish population and the environment.

This non-nuclear policy in Denmark is reflected in the higher educational opportunities available in the country. None of the institutions offers a degree that specialises in the nuclear field and there very few research activities carried out.

Higher education in the Denmark is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). However, very few courses are offered in the nuclear field due to the country’s policy on nuclear energy.

The University of Aarhus/Aarhus Universitet366 is the only higher level educational institution that offers a degree that specialises in the nuclear field and specifically offers a Doctorate degree in this field.

The University of Aarhus/Aarhus Universitet offers a course in Nuclear Particle Physics367 and it has two research departments involved in the nuclear field: the Institute for Storage Ring Facilities in Aarhus/ISA368; and the Department of Physics and Astronomy which performs research in the field of Subatomic Physics369.

There are other institutions involved in the

365 Danish Emergency Management Agency/Beredskabs Styrelsen (DEMA) http://www.beredskabsstyrelsen.dk/uk/

366 Aarhus University/Aarhus Universitet http://www.au.dk/en

367 Nuclear/Particle Physics http://mit.au.dk/coursecatalogue/courses.cfm?udbudid=14807&elemid=23422,23421&topid=23422,23421&sem=F2010&udd=&art=&hom=

368 Institute for Storage Ring Facilities in Aarhus/ISA http://www.isa.au.dk/

369 Subatomic Physics http://phys.au.dk/forskning/subatomic-physics/

research area which include: the Institute for Energy Technology370; the Niels Bohr Institute371 of the University of Copenhagen/Kobenhavns Universitet372; the Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design373; the Department of Physics374 of the Technical University of Denmark/Danmarks Tekniske Universitet375; and the National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy376.

The Odense University Hospital/Odense Universitetshospital377 has a department that specialises in Nuclear Medicine378.

Finally, Denmark participates in the Nordic Nuclear Safety Research/Nordisk kernesikkerhedsforskning379, a platform for Nordic cooperation and competence for nuclear issues.

370 Institute for Energy Technology http://www.ife.no/index_html-en

371 Niels Bohr Institute http://www.nbi.ku.dk/english/372 University of Copenhagen/Kobenhavns Universitet http://

www.ku.dk/english/373 Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design http://www.

camd.dtu.dk/English.aspx374 Department of Physics http://www.fys.dtu.dk/English.

aspx375 Technical University of Denmark/Danmarks Tekniske

Universitet http://www.dtu.dk/english.aspx376 National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy http://www.

risoe.dk/377 Odense University Hospital/Odense Universitetshospital

http://www.ouh.dk/wm122110378 Department of Nuclear Medicine http://www.sygehusfyn.

dk/wm263278379 Nordic Nuclear Safety Research/Nordisk

kernesikkerhedsforskning http://www.nks.org/en/welcome.htm

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Denmark

STAKEHOLDERS

Although there is no nuclear energy production in Denmark, there are a number of Danish companies that are involved in radiology or nuclear medicine which include: Danfysik380 (a Danish Technological Institute subsidiary381), GE Healthcare382 (a GE Healthcare International subsidiary383).

380 Danfysik http://www.danfysik.com/381 Danish Technological Institute http://www.dti.dk/382 GE Healthcarehttp://www.gehealthcare.com/dkda/index.

html383 GE Healthcare International http://www.gehealthcare.

com/worldwide.html

The international companies that are represented in the Denmark include: ABB Group384, Aker Solutions385, ARUP386, Asltom387, Atkins388, BT389, Böhler Edelstahl390, Bureau Veritas Group391, Camfil Farr392, Gammadata Instruments393, Golder Associates394, Outokumpu395 and Roxtec396.

384 ABB http://www.abb.com/385 Aker Solutions http://www.akersolutions.com/internet/

default.htm386 ARUP http://www.arup.com/ 387 Alstom http://www.alstom.com/home/ 388 Atkins http://www.atkinsglobal.com/ 389 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do390 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/391 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group392 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/393 Gammadata Instrument

http://www.gammadatainstrument.se/394 Golder Associates is a Canadian international company

with presence in Denmark, Finalnd, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom

http://www.golderassociates.dk/location_map.php 395 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/396 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/

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INDUSTRY IN DENMARK

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Denmark [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Denmark

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

ESTONIA

Estonia does not have a nuclear power programme but there are a number of nuclear facilities that date back to when Estonia was part of the Soviet Union which include a uranium extraction facility and two submarine training reactors. To reduce the country’s CO2 emissions, the government has approved plans to build a nuclear power plant of up to 1,000 MW(e) to be in operation by 2023.

Estonia does not have a nuclear regulatory body. The nuclear safety and waste issues at the existing facilities are being addressed by the state-owned Estonian Radioactive Waste Management Agency (AS ALARA Ltd.).

The current position is reflected in the lack of higher educational opportunities available in the nuclear field.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Estonia is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). There are no higher educational institutions that offer specialised courses in the nuclear field. However, there are some that are involved in nuclear research which include: the Estonian Academy of Sciences/Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia397; Tallinn University of Technology/Tallinna Tehnikaûlikool398; and the Physics Institute399 of the University of Tartu/Tartu Ülikool400.

397 Estonian Academy of Sciences/Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia http://www.akadeemia.ee/en/academy/

398 Tallinn University of Technology/Tallinna Tehnikaûlikool http://www.ttu.ee/?lang=en

399 Physics Institute http://www.fi.ut.ee/index.aw/set_lang_id=2

400 University of Tartu/Tartu Ülikool http://www.ut.ee/en

STAKEHOLDERS

Due to the revival of the nuclear energy in Estonia, there are a number of Estonian companies that are involved in the nuclear field which includes: Alara401, Eesti Energia402, Roxtec403 and Silmet404.

The international companies that are represented in the Estonia include: the Russian company Dvigatel405 which has an important presence in the Estonian nuclear market, ABB Group406, Asltom407, Böhler Edelstahl408 and Bureau Veritas Group409.

401 Alara http://www.alara.ee/ 402 Eesti Energia http://www.energia.ee/index.

php?id=183&L=1403 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 404 Silmet http://www.silmet.ee/ 405 Dvigatel http://www.dvigatel.ru/ 406 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/407 Alstom http://www.alstom.com/home/408 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 409 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group

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INDUSTRY IN ESTONIA

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Estonia [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Estonia

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

FINLAND

In Finland, there are four nuclear reactors currently operating – two VVERs at Loviisa and two BWRs at Olkiluoto and together they generate about a quarter of the country’s electrical power requirements. The four operating units have undergone a process of modernisation and power uprating, and their operating lives have been extended. A fifth unit, a PWR, is currently being constructed on the Olkiluoto site and construction permits have been granted for two further units. In addition, the Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) operates a small research reactor in Otaniemi, Espoo which is not used for electricity production.

In 2000 Finland made a decision-in-principle for the construction of the final repository for nuclear waste from the Finnish nuclear plants. This facility, referred to as “Onkalo” (the underground cave), is located close to the Olkiluoto site. Construction of the access tunnel for the facility was started by Posiva Oy in 2004.

The main Finnish authorities in the nuclear field are the Ministry of Employment and the Economy/Työ-ja elinkeinoministeriö410 and the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority Finland/Säteilyturvakeskus (STUK)411 which is the nuclear regulatory body.

Despite the high level of activity in the nuclear industry, the higher educational institutions in Finland do not offer very many courses in the nuclear field but Finland is very active in the research field.

EDUCATION

In Finland, the Ministry of Education had called for a system-wide restructuring of higher education and this is going on at the same time as changes are being made to conform to requirements of the Bologna Process. Following this, higher education is now divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees.

410 Ministry of Employment and the Economy/Työ- ja eunkeinoministeriö http://www.tem.fi/?l=en

411 Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority Finland/Säteilyturvakeskus (STUK) http://www.stuk.fi/en_GB/

The main higher education instrument in the nuclear field is the Graduate School in Particle and Nuclear Physics (GRASPANP)412.

There are no higher education institutions that offer a Bachelor’s or a Master’s degree in the nuclear field. The Department of Energy and Process Engineering of the Tampere University of Technology/Tampereen Teknillinen Yliopisto413 offers the possibility of a Doctorate.

However, a wide range of courses in the nuclear field are offered by universities. The Lappeeranta University of Technology/Lappeenrannan Teknillinen Yliopisto414 offers a Nuclear Physics course and there are a number of courses in nuclear engineering available as part of the Energy Technology degree415 (in fact these studies are the most wide ranging in the field in Finland).

The Aalto University/Aalto-Yliopiston Teknillinen Korkeakoulu416 offers a special Advanced Course in Nuclear Engineering417, and some other courses which include: Introduction to Nuclear Engineering/ Introduction to Nuclear Reactors418; Laboratory

412 Graduate School in Particle and Nuclear Physics (GRASPANP) is participated by Ministry of Education, the Academy of Finland the University of Helsinki/Helsingin Yliopisto http://www.helsinki.fi/university/ , the University of Jyväskylä/ Jyväskylän Yliopisto https://www.jyu.fi/en/ , the University of Oulu/Oulun Yliopisto http://www.oulu.fi/english/ , the University of Turku/Turkun Yliopisto http://www.utu.fi/en/ , the Helsinki University of Technology/Aalto-Yliopiston Teknillinen Korkeakoulu http://www.tkk.fi/en/ and the Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) http://www.hip.fi/. GRASPANP https://www.jyu.fi/fysiikka/opiskelu/tutkijakoulut/summary.html

413 Tampere Univeristy of Technology/Tampereen Teknikkinen Yliopisto http://www.tut.fi/public/index.cfm?Sel=22563&Show=38436&siteid=32

414 Lappeenranta University of Technology/Lappeenrannan Teknillinen Yliopisto http://www.lut.fi/en/lut/Pages/Default.aspx

415 Energy Technology Degreehttp://www.lut.fi/en/technology/lutenergy/energy/studies/Pages/Default.aspx

416 The Helsinki University of Technology/Aalto-Yliopiston Teknillinen Korkeakoulu http://www.tkk.fi/en/

417 Advanced Course in Nuclear Engineering https://noppa.tkk.fi/noppa/kurssi/tfy-56.4243/

418 Introduction to Nuclear Engineering/ Introduction to Nuclear Reactors https://noppa.tkk.fi/noppa/kurssi/tfy-56.4221/

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course in energy technologies419; Medical Physics II420; and Radiation physics and safety421.

The University of Jyväskylä/Jyväskylän Yliopisto offers three more courses in Applied Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Physics I and II and the Tampere University of Technology/Tampereen Teknillinen Yliopisto offers some nuclear course as part of the Bachelor’s degree in Environmental and Energy Technology.

STUK has initiated a national training programme in the nuclear field which aims to maintain the knowledge in nuclear technology and train the next generation. The training is carried out as a co-operative venture involving STUK, the Ministry of Employment and Economy, the Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Teknillinen Korkeakoulu (TKK), Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), the nuclear licensees Fortum and Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO), and Posiva Oy. The national nuclear training programme, which lasts for five weeks, has been based on the nuclear safety training of the IAEA.

419 Laboratory course in energy technologies https://noppa.tkk.fi/noppa/kurssi/tfy-56.4113/

420 Medical Physics II http://peili.hut.fi/tfy993274/421 Radiation physics and safety https://noppa.tkk.fi/noppa/

kurssi/tfy-56.4232/

In the field of research there are several universities involved, which include:

• the Helsinki Institute of Physics/Fysiikan Tutkimuslaitos (HIP)422;

• the Department of Applied Physics423 of the Helsinki University of Techonology/Aalto-Yliopiston Teknillinen Korkeakoulu;

• the Nuclear Engineering Group of the Lappeenranta University of Technology/ Lappeenrannan Teknillinen Yliopisto;

• the University of Jyväskylä/Jyväskylän Yliopisto (which is involved in research on nuclear and accelerator based physics424);

• the Tampere Univeristy of Technology/Tamper-een Teknillinen Yliopisto (particularly its Depart-ment of Energy and Process Engineering); and

422 Helsinki Institute of Physics/Fysiikan tutkimuslaitos (HIP) http://www.hip.fi/index.html

423 Department of Applied Physics http://tfy.tkk.fi/researchgroups/

424 https://www.jyu.fi/fysiikka/en/research/accelerator/index_html

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Finland

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

• the University of Turku/Turun Yliopisto425 which has a Department of Medicine that specialises in nuclear medicine.

As well as the universities, there are other institutions that are involved in nuclear research which include: the Academy of Finland/Suomen Akatemia426; the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority of Finland/Säteilyturvakeskukseen (STUK); the Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)427; and companies which include Posiva428 and Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO)429.

STAKEHOLDERS

The Finnish Nuclear Society/Suomen Atomiknillinen Seura (ATS)430 has an important role in developing business in the nuclear field.

The companies that are involved in the nuclear field include: ABB Group431, Aker Solutions432, Areva433, Asltom434, Assystem435, Böhler Edelstahl436, BT437, Camfil Farr438, Energiateollisuus439, Fennovoima440, Fortum441, Gammadata Instruments442, Golder

425 University of Turku/Turun Yliopisto http://www.utu.fi/en/426 Academy of Finland/Suomen Akatemia http://www.aka.fi/

en-gb/A/427 Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) http://www.

vtt.fi/index.jsp?lang=en428 Posiva http://www.posiva.fi/en 429 Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO) http://www.tvo.fi/www/

page/etusivu_en/ 430 Finnish Nuclear Society/Suomen Atomiknillinen Seura

(ATS) http://www.ats-fns.fi/eng/eng_index.html431 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/432 Aker solutions http://www.akersolutions.com/internet/

default.htm433 Areva http://www.areva.com/ 434 Alstom http://www.alstom.com435 Assystem http://www.assystem.com/en/index.html 436 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 437 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 438 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/439 Energiateollisuus http://www.energia.fi/EN/ 440 Fennovoima http://www.fennovoima.com/ 441 Fortum http://www.fortum.com/corporation.

asp?path=14022;14024;14026 442 Gammadata Instrument http://www.

gammadatainstrument.se/

Associates443, Outokumpu444, Pöyry445, Posiva446, Roxtec447, Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO)448 and VTT Research Institute449.

443 Golder Associates http://www.golder.fi/en/modules.php?name=Pages&sp_id=1083

444 Outokumpu is a Finnish company with presence in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom http://www.outokumpu.com/

445 Pöyry is a Finnish company with presence in Finland, France, Germany and the UK http://www.poyry.com/

446 Posiva http://www.posiva.fi/en/ 447 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 448 Teollisuuden Voima Oij -TVO- is present as well in Belgium

http://www.tvo.fi/www/page/etusivu_en/ 449 VTT Research Institute http://www.vtt.fi/?lang=en

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INDUSTRY IN FINLAND

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Finland [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Finland

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

FRANCE

In 1974, the French government made the decision to launch a large nuclear power program and within 15 years sufficient nuclear power plants had been installed to satisfy its electrical power requirements. Since then, France has rapidly expanded its nuclear power capacity and now there are 58 nuclear reactors, all PWRs, operating at 19 different sites as follows: Gravelines has 6 PWRs; Blayais, Bugey, Cattenom, Chinon, Cruas, Dampierre, Paluel and Tricastin each have 4 PWRs; and Belleville, Chooz, Civaux, Fessenheim, Flamanville, Golfech, Nogent, Penly, Saint-Alban and Saint-Laurent each have 2 PWRs. France now derives about three quarters of its electricity from nuclear power450.

The European Pressurised-water Reactor (EPR) is being built on the Flamanville site and a further one is being planned at Penly. The Phénix fast breeder reactor was still in operation mainly as an experimental facility, but is closed since 2010. 12 plants are being decommissioned as follows: the gas cooled reactors at Chinon (3), Marcoule (3), Saint Laurent des Eaux (2) Bugey; the PWR at Chooz; the heavy water reactor at Brennilis; and the Superphénix fast breeder reactor.

France also has an active nuclear reprocessing program carried out at the (former COGEMA) AREVA La Hague site and Uranium enrichment and Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel fabrication at the AREVA Melox plant Marcoule, close to the Tricastin Nuclear Power Centre.

The French Nuclear Safety Authority/Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire (ASN)451 regulates nuclear safety and radiation protection, and its support organisation is the Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety/ Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)452.

The high significance of nuclear power in the country means that France has been very active in the development of nuclear technology and has made constant efforts to maintain and consolidate nuclear knowledge. This is reflected in the higher educational opportunities in the nuclear field available in France.

450 Nuclear Power in France. World Nuclear Association. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf40.html

451 Safety/Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire (ASN) http://www.french-nuclear-safety.fr/

452 Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety http://www.irsn.fr

EDUCATION

Higher education in France is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). A Bachelor’s degree in Engineering usually consists of two years of common study plus and a third year of specialisation (option).

At the Bachelor’s degree level there are a wide range of courses offered in the nuclear field which include:

• the National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology/Institut National des Sciences & Techniques Nucléaires (INSTN)453 offers an Atomic Engineering degree454;

• the Mines Paris Graduate School/École des Mines Paris (ENSMP)455 offers a Bachelor’s de-gree Specialisation in Nuclear Engineering456;

• the Engineering National High School of Caen/École Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN)457 offers a specialisation in Nuclear and Instruments Engineering458;

• the Grenoble Institute of Technology/Institute Polytechnique de Grenoble459 offers an option in Energy and Nuclear Engineering460;

• the Mines School of Nantes/École des Mines de Nantes461 offers a Bachelor’s degree in Nu-

453 National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology/Institut National des Sciences & Techniques Nucléaires –INSTN-) http://www-instn.cea.fr/Page-Sommaire.html

454 Atomic Engineering Degree http://www-instn.cea.fr/-Presentation-du-GA-.html

455 Mines Paris Graduate School/École des Mines Paris (ENSMP) http://www.mines-paristech.eu/

456 Bachelor’s Degree Specialisation in Nuclear Engineering http://sgs.ensmp.fr/prod/sgs/ensmp/catalog/course/detail.php?code=op_G1&lang=FR&year=2A

457 Engineering National High School of Caen/École Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN)

http://www.ensicaen.fr/61401893/0/fiche___pagelibre/&RH=OUTILS

458 Nuclear and Instruments Engineering http://www.ensicaen.fr/58233304/0/fiche___formation/&RH=1191513096062&ONGLET=3

459 Grenoble Institute of Technology/Institute Polytechnique de Grenoble http://www.grenoble-inp.fr/

460 Energy and Nuclear Engineering http://phelma.grenoble-inp.fr/1199706518941/0/fiche___article/&RH=PHE_Enseignements

461 Mines School of Nantes/École des Mines de Nantes http://www.mines-nantes.fr/en/

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clear: Technology, Environmental and Safety (NTSE)462;

• the Chemistry Paris Tech/Chimie Paris Tech463 offers a specialisation in Nuclear Chemistry464;

• the Mines School of Alés/École des Mines d’Alés465 offers a Nuclear Specialisation466; and

• the National Mines High School of Saint-Éti-enne/École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne467 (in collaboration with the IN-STN) offers a Bachelor’s degree in Nuclear In-stallations Engineering468.

In addition, Bachelor’s degrees are offered by: the Central School Paris/École Centrale Paris469 and Supelec in collaboration which offers the option of a course on Energy470; the High School of Arts and Crafts/École National Supériure d’Arts et Métiers471 offers a specialisation in Future Energy; and the National Chemistry High School of Montpellier/École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montepellier472 offers the third year specialisation in Environmental and Nuclear Chemistry473. All these degrees have a strong relationship with nuclear energy.

462 Nuclear: Technology, Environmental and Safety (NTSE) http://www.mines-nantes.fr/en/Study/Master-in-Engineering-Diplome-d-Ingenieur/Graduate-School/NTSE-Nuclear-Technologies-Safety-and-Environment

463 Chemistry Paris Tech/Chimie Paris Tech http://www.enscp.fr/spip.php?page=english

464 Nuclear Chemistry http://www.cge.asso.fr/ecoles/ECOLE63.phtml

465 Mines School of Alés/École des Mines d’Alés http://www.mines-ales.fr/pages/?all=accueil&idl=21

466 Nuclear Specialisation http://www.mines-ales.fr/UserFiles/File/PDF%20enseignement/nucleaire-bd.pdf

467 National Mines High School of Saint-Étienne /École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne http://www.emse.fr/en/

468 Nuclear Installations Engineering Bachelor Degree http://www.emse.fr/spip/-Ingenieur-par-alternance-.html

469 Central School Paris/École Centrale Paris http://www.ecp.fr/index_html_en

470 Option Energy http://www.supelec.fr/222_p_10912/programs-of-the-engineer-degree-course.html

471 High School of Arts and Crafts/École National Supériure d’Arts et Métiers http://www.ensam.fr/en/

472 National Chemistry High School of Montpellier/École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montepellier http://www.enscm.fr/en

473 Environmental and Nuclear Chemistry http://www.enscm.fr/formation/diplme-dingenieur.html

There is a wide range of opportunities for Master’s degrees which includes: the Grenoble Institute of Technology/Institute Polytechnique de Grenoble (in collaboration with EDF and the National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology/Institut National des Sciences & Techniques Nucléaires - INSTN) offers a degree in International Materials for Nuclear Energy (MaNuEn)474; and the University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris VI/Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI475 offers a degree in Nuclear Engineering476.

In addition, an International Master’s degree in Nuclear Energy477 is offered by the Consortium established by:

• the Paris Tech478;

• the University Paris-Sud 11/Université Paris-Sud11479;

• the École Central Paris (ECP)480;

• the National Institute for Nucl,ear Science and Technology/Institut National des Sciences & Techniques Nucléaires (INSTN)481; and

• EDF482;

and this is supported by Areva and GDF Suez.

The National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology/Institut National des Sciences & Techniques Nucléaires offers the European

474 Master International Materials for Nuclear Energy (MaNuEn) http://phelma.grenoble-inp.fr/1204729656685/0/fiche___article/

475 University Pierre and Marie Curie -Paris VI/Université Pierre et Marie Curie -Paris VI http://www.upmc.fr/en/index.html

476 Nuclear Engineering Master http://www.master.sdi.upmc.fr/fr/ing_nucleaire.html

477 Master International Nuclear Energy http://www.master-nuclear-energy.fr/en/index.php

478 Paris Tech http://www.paristech.fr/en/index.html 479 University Paris-Sud 11/Université Paris-Sud11 http://

www.u-psud.fr/en/index.html480 École Central Paris (ECP) http://www.ecp.fr/fr/A_ecp/

A3_intergroupe/A3c_alliance_supelec.htm481 National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology/

Institut National des Sciences & Techniques Nucléaires http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?page=sommaire-

uk&lang=uk&lang=uk482 EDF http://www.edf.fr/edf-fr-accueil-1.html#Accueil

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

Master’s degree in Molecular Imaging (EMMI)483 and the University of Nancy I Henri Poincare/ Université Henri Poincaré (Nancy I) collaborates in the European Master’s degree in Nuclear Fusion Science and Engineering Physics484.

The University Joseph Fourier/Université Joseph Fourier485 offers a Professional Master ITDD486 with four specialisations and in collaboration with INP offers a Master’s degree in Research in Energy Physics487. The INSTN coordinates the ENEN European Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering (EMSNE)488

Several other institutions offer a Master’s degree within the nuclear field including:

• the University Montpellier/Université Montpellier489 in collaboration with the INSTN and the National High School of Chemistry of Paris/École National Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (ENSCP)490 which offers a degree in Chemistry491;

• the University of Paris VII/Université Paris Diderot492 offers an Energetics Physics

483 European Master in Molecular Imaging (EMMI) http://www.e-mmi.eu/en/index.php?changelng=1 in collaboration with the Universities of Paris Sud 11 (France), Antwerp (Belgium), Crete (Greece) and Turin (Italy).

484 European Master in Nuclear Fusion Science and Engineering Physics http://www.em-master-fusion.org/index.asp in collaboration with Universiteit Gent (Belgium), Kungliga Tekniska Hôgskola (Sweden), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain), Universidad Carlos III (Spain), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain) and Universität Stuttgart (Germany)

485 University Joseph Fourier/Université Joseph Fourier http://www.ujf-grenoble.fr/37654972/1/fiche___pagelibre/

486 Master Professional ITDD http://lpsc.in2p3.fr/MasterITDD/itdd.php

487 Research Master in Energy Physics http://phelma.grenobleinp.fr/Ph_MasteEP/0/fiche___formation/&RH=1240933391192&ONGLET=4

488 ENEN European Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering (EMSNE) http://www.enen-assoc.org/en/activities/for-students/master.html

489 University Montpellier/Université Montpellier http://www.univ-montp2.fr/

490 National High School of Chemistry of Paris/École National Supérieure de chimie de Paris (ENSCP) http://www.enscp.fr/spip.php?page=english

491 Chemistry Master http://www.master-chimie.univ-montp2.fr/-CSMP-

492 University of Paris VII/Université Paris Diderot http://www.univ-paris-diderot.fr/

Engineering Master493. The consortium, INSTN, University Paris-Sud 11/Université Paris-Sud11, University Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne/Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne494, ENSCP, Mines Paris Tech (ENSMP)495 and Polytechnical School/École Polytechnique (EP)496 offers a Master in Materials for the Structures and the Energy497;

• the Blaise Pascal University Clermont Ferrand/Université Blaise Pascal Clermont-Ferrand498 teaches a Physics Master499 with several courses within the nuclear field. INSTN offers a Modelling and Simulation Master degree500; and

• the ENSTA Paris Tech/École Nationale Supé-rieure de Techniques Avancées501 offers a Nu-clear Engineering specialisation within the Engi-neering curricula502.

Regarding Doctorate degrees, there are several institutions that offer possibilities which includes:

• the National Academy of Arts and Crafts/Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM)503 offers a degree in Sciences Nuclear/Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires; and

493 Energetics Physics Engineering Master http://www.univ-paris-diderot.fr/sc/site.php?bc=formations&np=SPECIALITE?NS=926

494 University Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne / Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne http://www.u-pec.fr/

495 Mines Paris Tech (ENSMP) http://www.ensmp.fr/Accueil/496 Polytechnical School/École Polytechnique (EP)

http://www.polytechnique.edu/jsp/accueil.jsp?CODE=36392593&LANGUE=1

497 Master in Materials for the Structures and the Energy http://mse.ensmp.fr/

498 Blaise Pascal University Clermont Ferrand/Université Blaise Pascal Clermont-Ferrand http://www.univ-bpclermont.fr/rubrique10.html

499 Physics Master http://www.univ-bpclermont.fr/FORMATIONS/Master/physique/

500 Modelling and Simullation Master Degree http://www-masters.cea.fr/scripts/home/publigen/content/templates/show.asp?L=FR&P=106

501 ENSTA Paris Tech/École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées http://www.ensta.fr/en/

502 Nuclear Engineering specialisation within the Engineering curricula http://www.ensta.fr/en/Becoming_an_engineer/Becoming_an_ENSTA_engineer/

503 National Academy of Arts and Crafts/Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) http://www.cnam.eu/jsp/fiche_pagelibre.jsp?STNAV=&RUBNAV=&CODE=27626262&LANGUE=1&RH=

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• the National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology/Institut National des Sciences & Techniques Nucléaires in collaboration with Paris XI University, offers a degree in Nuclear Energy504.

A number of other courses of several weeks duration are offered by the National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology/Institut National des Sciences & Techniques Nucléaires which includes:

• Dismantling experience of nuclear facilities in France505;

• Generation IV: nuclear reactor systems for the future506;

• International School in Nuclear Engineering507;

• Measurement uncertainties508;

• Metallurgy and properties of Zr alloys for nu-clear applications509;

• Nuclear fuel cycle510;

• Nuclear waste management511;

• Principles and operation of nuclear reactors512; and

504 Nuclear Energy http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?rubrique140&lang=uk

505 Dismantling experience of nuclear facilities in France http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?page=theme&lang=fr&form_id=1094

506 Generation IV: nuclear reactor systems for the future http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?page=theme&lang=fr&form_id=1044

507 International School in Nuclear Engineering http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?rubrique272&lang=uk&lang=uk&lang=uk

508 Measurement uncertainties http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?page=theme&lang=fr&form_id=1158

509 Metallurgy and properties of Zr alloys for nuclear applications http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?page=theme&lang=fr&form_id=1036

510 Nuclear fuel cycle http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?page=theme&lang=fr&form_id=1027&lang=fr

511 Nuclear waste management http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?page=theme&lang=fr&form_id=1080&lang=fr

512 Principles and operation of nuclear reactors http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?page=theme&lang=fr&form_id=1021

• Research and medical applications of radio-pharmaceuticals513.

Training courses are offered by the National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology/Institut National des Sciences & Techniques Nucléaires and by four European Technical Safety Organisations (TSO) which includes the French Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire which has founded the European Nuclear Safety Training and Tutoring Institute (ENSTTI)514, which offers several short applied training sessions515.

Other main activities on education and training in the nuclear field are carried out by the French Atomic Energy Commission/Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA) and Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety/ Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) who provide apprenticeships for master students at several levels. The companies Areva516, EDF517 and GDF Suez518 offer initial training for the operating personnel of several nuclear power plants (many of them in collaboration with the French Council for Education and Training in Nuclear Energy (CFEN)519). The French Nuclear Energy Society/Société Française d’Énergie Nucléaire (SFEN)520 promotes a high-level exchange on scientific and technical issues and organises professional and technical seminars.

513 Research and medical applications of radio-pharmaceuticals http://www-instn.cea.fr/spip.php?page=theme&lang=fr&page_id=1172

514 The European Nuclear Safety Training and Tutoring institute (ENSTTI) is a joint initiative of French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety/Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Germany’s Company for Plants and Reactor Safety/Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI) and Czech Nuclear Research Institute Rez/Ústav Jaderného Výzkumu Rez a.s. (UJV) http://www.enstti.eu/Pages/Home.aspx

515 Training sessions http://www.enstti.eu/Pages/OurOffer.aspx

516 Areva NPP Training Center http://www.areva-np-training.de/tc/en/index.html

517 EDF Training http://hr.edf.com/the-edf-group/edf-human-resources/skills-and-training-94083.html

518 GDF Suez http://www.gdfsuez.com 519 French Council for Education and training in Nuclear

Energy (CFEN) http://www.cfenf.fr520 French Nuclear Energy Society/Société Française

d’Énergie Nucléaire (SFEN) http://www.sfen.org/home2.htm

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In the nuclear research field, there are several institutions involved: the Armines (which is a joint initiative of Grandes Écoles)521; the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center522 of the ESPCI Paris Tech; the French Atomic Energy Commission/Commissariat à l’énergie atomique523 (specially the Cadarache Research Institute524; the Energy Department525 of the Grenoble Institute of Technology; and the Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety/ Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN).

Finally, the European Foundation for Tomorrow’s Energies/Fondation Européenne pour les Energies de Demain526 promotes the development of nuclear energy in the higher educational field.

521 Armines (joint of Grandes Écoles) http://www.armines.net/?SetLang=uk

522 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center http://www.espci.fr/recherche/labos/rmn/eng.htm

523 French Atomic Energy Commission/Commissariat à l’énergie atomique http://www.cea.fr/english_portal/

524 Cadarache Research Institute http://www-cadarache.cea.fr/index_gb.php

525 Energy Department http://www.grenoble-inp.fr/1121066288765/1/fiche___article/&RH=INPG_EN-RESEAR

526 European Foundation for Tomorrow’s Energies/ Fondation Européenne pour les Energies de Demain http://www.energiesdedemain.com/?lg=gb

STAKEHOLDERS

Due to the high nuclear potential, France has a large number of companies that are involved in the nuclear industry which includes: ABB Group527, Aker Solutions528, Allen & Overy LLP529, Andra530, Areva531, Areva TA Technicatome532, Ashurst533, Asltom534,

527 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/ 528 Aker Solutions http://www.akersolutions.com/internet/

default.htm 529 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/

Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410530 Andra http://www.andra.fr/ 531 Areva is a French company with presence in Belgium,

Bulgaria, France, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden http://www.areva.com/EN/home-57/solutions-for-nuclear-energy-and-renewable-energies.html

532 Areva TA Technicatome http://www.areva-ta.com/scripts/home/publigen/content/templates/Show.asp?P=60&L=FR

533 Ashurst http://www.ashurst.com/home.aspx?id_Content=2

534 Alstom is a French company with presence in seventy countrys among them the European Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom. http://www.alstom.com/home/

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in France

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Assystem535, Bechtel Power Corporation536, BNFL537, Biogas Nord538, BT539, Bureau Veritas Group540, Camfil Farr541, Canberra France542, Clifford Change543, Comurhex544, Clyde & Co545, Cyril Swett546, Denton Wilde Sapte547, DLA Piper548, EDF549, Field Fisher Waterhouse550, Fives Nordon551, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer552, Gardiner & Theobald553, GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy International554, GERB555, Gleeds Worldwide556, Golder Associates557, Herbert Smith558, HSB Global Standards559, Inéo Activité

535 Assystem is a French company with presence in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.assystem.com/en/index.html

536 Bechtel Power Corporation http://www.bechtel.com/ 537 BNFL http://www.bnfl.com/content.php?pageID=8538 Biogas Nord http://www.biogas-nord.com/ 539 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 540 Bureau Veritas Group is a French company present in

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK. http://www.bureauveritas.com/wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group

541 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/542 Canberra France http://www.canberra.com/fr/ 543 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html 544 Comurhex http://www.comurhex.areva-nc.com/

scripts/areva-nc/publigen/content/templates/Show.asp?P=805&L=EN

545 Clyde & Co http://www.clydeco.com/ 546 Cyril Swett http://www.cyrilsweett.com/home 547 Denton Wilde Sapte http://www.dentonwildesapte.com/ 548 DLA Piper http://www.dlapiper.com/ 549 EDF http://www.edf.fr/the-edf-offers/edf-fr-

home-200420.html 550 Field Fisher Waterhouse http://www.ffw.com/ 551 Fives Nordon http://www.fivesgroup.com/FivesNordon/

EN/Pages/Home.aspx 552 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer http://www.freshfields.

com/ 553 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/ 554 GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy International http://www.

gepower.com/home/index.htm555 GERB http://www.gerb.com/index_en.php556 Gleeds Worldwide http://www.gleeds.com/worldwide/

index.cfm? 557 Golder Associates http://www.golder.com/fr/en/modules.

php?name=Pages&sp_id=463 558 Herbert Smith http://www.herbertsmith.com/ 559 HSB Global Standards is a USA company with presence

in France and Germany http://www.hsbglobalstandards.com/

Nucléaire et Centrales560, Intercontrole561, Iter562, Lavera Energies, LGI Consulting563, Lisega564, M+W Group565, Milieu lonisant566, Mirion Technologies567, Morgan Lewis568, Oakridge, Omexon569, Onet Technologies570, Osborne Clarke International571, Outokumpu572, Oxand573, QSA Global574, Reel575, Robatel576, Roxtec577, Salvarem578, Simmons & Simmons579, SGN580, SOM Groupe Ortec581, STMI/Société des Techniques, System et Solutions582, URS583, Weir Power & Industrial584 and Westinghouse France585.

560 Inéo Activité Nucléaire et Centrales http://www.ineo-gdfsuez.com/

561 Intercontrole http://www.intercontrole.com/scripts/intercontrole_home/publigen/content/templates/Show.asp?P=57&L=FR

562 Iter http://www.iter.org/default.aspx 563 LGI Consulting http://www.lgi-consulting.com/ 564 Lisega http://www.lisega.de/index.php?lang=us_US 565 M+W Group http://www.mwgroup.net/ 566 STMI (Société des Techniques en Milieu lonisant) http://

www.stmi.fr/pages/presentation.htm567 Mirion Technologies http://www.mirion.com/ 568 Morgan Lewis http://www.morganlewis.com/ 569 Omexon http://www.omexom.com/fr/index_fr.htm 570 Onet Technologies http://www.onet-technologies.com/ 571 Osborne Clarke International http://www.osborneclarke.

com/ 572 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 573 Oxand is also present in Netherlands http://www.oxand.

com/ 574 QSA Global http://www.qsa-global.com/ 575 Reel http://www.reel.fr/576 Robatel http://www.robatel.fr/?lang=fr577 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 578 Salvarem http://www.salvarem.com/intranet/wsalvarem.

nsf/web/index.htm579 Simmons & Simmons http://www.simmons-simmons.

com/index.cfm?fuseaction=simmons_simmons_com.main

580 SGN http://www.sgn.areva-nc.fr/scripts/areva-nc/publigen/content/templates/Show.asp?P=933&L=FR

581 SOM Groupe Ortec http://www.som-ingenierie.com/582 Data System et Solutions http://www.ds-s.com/ 583 URS http://www.urscorp.eu/ 584 Weir Power & Industrial http://www.weirpowerindustrial.

com/585 Westinghouse France http://www.westinghousenuclear.

com/Businesses/Nuclear_Services/france_english.shtm

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

INDUSTRY IN FRANCE

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in France [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in France

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GERMANY

The first commercial nuclear power plant started operating in Germany in 1969 and currently there are 17 nuclear reactors made up of 11 PWRs and 6 BWRs operating on 12 sites as follows: there are PWRs at Biblis-A, Neckarwestheim-1, Biblis-B, Unterweser, Grafenrheinfeld, Gröhnde, Phillipsburg-2, Brokdorf, Isar-2, Emsland and Neckarwestheim-2; and there are BWRs at Brunsbüttel, Isar-1, Phillipsburg-1, Krümmel, Gundremmingen-B and Gundremmingen-C. Together they supply about a quarter of the country’s electricity requirements. The following reactors have been shut down: Gundremmingen-A, Greifswald, Großwelzheim, Hamm-Uentrop, Kahl, Kalkar (SNR-300), Lingen, Mülheim-Kärlich, Obrigheim, Niederaichbach, Rheinsberg, Stade, Stendal and Würgassen. There are also five research reactors. Germany also has facilities for nuclear fuel fabrication and for the storage of radioactive waste.

In 1998 the new coalition government decided to phase out nuclear power. In the energy concept presented by the German Federal Government at the end of September 2010 it was proposed that the operating period of the 17 nuclear power plants in Germany would be extended by an average of 12 years. The individual extra periods would depend on the start of commercial operation of the plants so that plants that had been taken into commercial operation before 1980 would be operated for another eight years and for younger plants the periods would be extended by another 14 years. On June 6, 2011 Germany, however, decided to step out of nuclear energy production gradually by 2022.

The responsibility for licensing the construction and operation of all nuclear facilities is shared between the federal and “Länder” governments (both with the power of veto). The main authority within the nuclear field is the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety/Bundesministerium für Unwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit586. The Federal Office for Radiation Protection/Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz587 has as well an important role in the safety and protection against harm due to radiation.

The federal and state authorities are supported by consulting companies/organisations which includes: Plant and Reactor Safety Company/Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit

586 Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety http://www.bmu.de/english/aktuell/4152.php

587 Federal Office for Radiation Protection/Bundsamt für Strahlenschutz http://www.bfs.de/en/bfs

(GRS) mbH, technical inspection companies TÜV Nord and TÜV Süd (fields of nuclear engineering are situated in Hamburg/TÜV Nord SysTec GmbH & Co KG588, Hannover/TÜV Nord EnSys Hannover GmbH & Co KG589, Mannheim/TÜV Süd Energietechnik GmbH Baden Württemberg590, München/TÜV SÜD Industry Service GmbH591), Kerntechnik- Gutachterarbeitsgemeinschaf t Baden-Württemberg (KeTAG)592; and ESN EnergieSytemeNord GmbH/Sicherheitstechnik.

The dependence on nuclear power in Germany is reflected in the higher educational opportunities available in the country.

EDUCATION

Traditionally, most of the nuclear education at the higher level has been provided at the University of Applied Sciences (UAS)/Fachhochschule (FH) sometimes abbreviated as Hochschule or Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) which often specialise in particular topicals.

Following the Bologna Process, these institutions, which formerly awarded Diplom degrees, now award Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees which are the same as those awarded by the University/Universitäten and the Diplom degree has been phased out. Hence, in the German higher educational system, there are now three levels: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees.

Regarding Bachelor’s degrees, the Technical University of Munich/Technische Universitat München593 offers a course in Nuclear Technology594.

588 TÜV Nord SysTec GmbH & Co KG http://www.tuev-nord.de/en/company/TUeV_NORD_SysTec_5547.htm

589 TÜV Nord EnSys Hannover GmbH & Co KG http://www.tuev-nord.de/en/company/TUeV_NORD_EnSys_Hannover_5535.htm

590 TÜV Süd Energietechnik GmbH Baden-Württemberg http://www.tuev-sued.de//tuev_sued_konzern/standorte/europa/deutschland/mannheim/tuev_sued_energietechnik_gmbh_baden-wuerttemberg

591 TÜV Süd Industrie Service GmbH http://www.tuev-sued.de/company/about_tuev_sued/about_us/our_companies/industry/tuev_sued_industrie_service_gmbh

592 Kerntechnik-Gutachterarbeitsgemeinschaft Baden-Württemberg, German Annual Report 2003, pp.16-17 http://www.uvm.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/3691/Taetigkeitsbericht_2003.pdf

593 Technical University of Munich/Technische Universitat München http://portal.mytum.de/welcome

594 Bachelor’s Course of study in Nuclear Technology http://www.mw.tum.de/index.php?cid=1036

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

Regarding Master’s degrees, there are the following possibilities: the Aachen University of Applied Sciences/Hochschule Aachen595 teaches the European Master’s degree in Nuclear Applications (EMINA)596; the Technical University of Munich/Technische Universitat München offers a degree in Nuclear Technology597; and the RWTH Aachen University/Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen598 offers a degree in Engineering599.

There are several universities offering courses in the nuclear field which includes: the Aachen University of Applied Sciences/Hochschule Aachen which offers a Spectroscopy course; the Institute for Reactor Safety and Reactor Technology/Lehrstuhl für Reaktorsicherheit und Technik600 of the RWTH Aachen University/Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen offers the Consolidated Reactor Safety and Reactor Technology601 course; and the University of Stuttgart/Universität Stuttgart602 offers three courses – Applied Plasmaphysics/Angewandte Plasmaphysik, Advanced Atomic Physics/Fortgeschrittene Atomphysik and Nuclear and Particle Physics/Physik der Kerne und Teilchen.

Regarding nuclear training, there are three institutions that provide this. The first of them, the Aachen University of Applied Sciences offers an ERASMUS Intensive Program organised jointly by

595 Aachen University of Applied Sciences/Hochschule Aachen http://www.fh-aachen.de/homepage.html?&no_cache=1&L=1

596 European Master of Science in Nuclear Applications (EMINA) http://www.fh-aachen.de/fileadmin/downloads/studiengangsbroschueren/Master_200901/Nuclear_Applications_2009_01.pdf http://www.fh-aachen.de/2014.html

597 Master’s Course of Study in Nuclear Technology http://www.mw.tum.de/index.php?cid=1046

598 RWTH Aachen University/Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen http://www.rwth-aachen.de/go/id/bdz/

599 Nuclear Safety Engineering Msc http: //www.inbk.rwth-aachen.de/index.php?cat=nuclear-safety-engineering&lang=en

600 Institute for Reactor Safety and Reactor Technology/Lehrstuhl für Reaktorsicherheit und Technik http://www.lrst.rwth-aachen.de/index.php?lg=en/index.php/en

601 Consolidate Reactor Safety and Reactor Technology http://www.lrst.rwth-aachen.de/studienrichtung.php/en/study_of_nuclear_technology

602 University of Stuttggart/Universität Stuttgart http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/index.en.html

the universities of the CHERNE Network603 called Jülich Nuclear Summer School JUNCS604.

The courses offered by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology605 include several in the nuclear field. The Simulator Centre/Simulator Zentrum606 has over 2000 trainees per year from the 17 nuclear power plants. The the Plant and Reactor Safety Company/Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) GmbH607 offers a training course for Experts in the Field of Nuclear Safety608.

Recently, following an agreement between the companies Areva, Axpo AG, EnBw, E.ON Kernkraft GmbH, URENCO Limited and Vattenfall AB, the European Nuclear Energy Leadership Academy (ENELA)609 was founded. This institution, located in Garching, offers a Nuclear Energy Management Program (NEMP) and a Nuclear Energy Leadership Cycle (NELC) which are both one-year courses in technical and non technical skills in the nuclear field.

Germany’s Plants and Reactor Safety Company /Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) takes part in the European Nuclear Safety Training and Tutoring Institute (ENSTTI)610 which offers a number of training courses.

603 The CHERNE Network is integrated by the FH Aachen, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, ISIB Bruxelles, Universidade de Coimbra, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, XIOS Hogeschool Limburg

604 Juelich Nuclear Summer School JUNCS http://www.fh-aachen.de/16712.html

605 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology http://www.fzk.de/fzk/idcplg?IdcService=FZK&node=Home&lang=en

http://www.fzk.de/fzk/idcplg?IdcService=FZK&node=0759&lang=en

606 Simulator Centre/Simulator Zentrum http://www.simulatorzentrum.de/

607 Company Society for Decomissing and Reactor Safety/Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktossicherheit (GRS) mbH http://www.grs.de/en/index.html?pe_id=9

608 Experts in the Field of Nuclear Safety http://www.grs.de/en/karriere/trainee_programm.html?pe_id=169

609 European Nuclear Energy Leadership Academy (ENELA) info@enela.eu

610 The European Nuclear Safety Training and Tutoring institute (ENSTTI) is a joint initiative of French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety/Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Germany’s Company for Plants and Reactor Safety/Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI) and Czech Nuclear Research Institute Rez/Ústav Jaderného Výzkumu Rez a.s. (UJV) http://www.enstti.eu/Pages/Home.aspx

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In Germany, research in the nuclear field plays an important role and there are several institutions involved which include: the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources/Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe611; the Federal Office for Radiation Protection/Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz612; the Institutes of the Dresden-Rossendorf Research Center/Institute des Forschungszentrums Dresden-Rossendorf613; the Jülich Research Centre/ Forschungszentrum Jülich614 (specially the Institute of Energy Research/ Institut für Energieforschung (IEF)615 and the Institute for Nuclear Physics/Institut für Kernphysik (IKP)616); the German Research Foundation/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft617; the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; and the Plant and Reactor Safety Company /Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktossicherheit (GRS) mbH.

Additionally, there are several universities involved in nuclear research field which includes: the Heidelberg University/Universität Heidelberg618; the RWTH Aachen University/RWTH Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen619 particularly its Institute for Reactor Safety and Reactor Technology620; the Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics621 of the Technical University

611 Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources/Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe http://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Home/homepage__node.html

612 Federal Office for Radiation Protection/Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz http://www.bfs.de/en/bfs

613 Institutes of the Dresden-Rossendorf Research Center/ Institute des Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf http://www.fzd.de/db/Cms?pNid=129

614 Jülich Research Centre/Forschungszentrum Jülich http://www.fz-juelich.de/portal/about_us

615 Institute of Energy Research/ Institut für Energieforschung -IEF- http://www.fzjuelich.de/portal/about_us/institutes_facilities/institutes/ief

616 Institute for Nuclear Physics/Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) http://www.fz-juelich.de/ikp/en/index.shtml

617 German Research Foundation/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://www.dfg.de/en/

618 Heidelberg University/Universität Heidelberg http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/research/ http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/

619 RWTH Aachen University/RWTH Rheinisch-Westphälische Aachen Universität http://www.rwth-aachen.de/go/id/bdz/

620 Institute for Reactor Safety and Reactor Technology http://www.lrst.rwth-aachen.de/index.php?lg=en/index.php/en

621 Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics http://iktp.tu-dresden.de/IKTP/english/index.html

of Dresden/Technische Universität Dresden622; the Institute for Technology/Lehrstuhl für Nukleartechnik623 of the Technical Unviersity of Munich/Technische Universitat München; the Stuttgart University/Universität Stuttgart624 with its Institute for Plasma Research/Institut für Plasmaforschung625 and its Materialprüfungsanstalt Universität Stuttgart626; and the Karlsruhe University/Universität Karlsruhe627 which has two research groups in the nuclear field, the European Approach to Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Management and Rehabilitation Strategies (EU-Projekt)628 and the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigations on Structure and Functions of Complex Systems (NMR)629.

In Karlsruhe, there is the Institute for Transuranium Elements630 one of the seven institutes of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, which carries out research programmes on nuclear waste management and environmental impact, safety of the nuclear fuel cycle(s) and nuclear safeguards and security, and opens its infrastructure and research facilities to training and education programmes.

Finally the Alliance for Nuclear Comptence/Kompetenzverbund Kerntechnik631 under the umbrella of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology/Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi)632 works for the improvement

622 Technical University of Dresden/Technische Universität Dresden http://tu-dresden.de/

623 Institute for Technology/LS für Nukleartechnik http://www.ntech.mw.tum.de/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1

624 Stuttgart University/Universität Stuttgart http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/index.en.html

625 Institut for Plasma Research/Institut für Plasmaforschung http://www.ipf.uni-stuttgart.de/index_e.html

626 Materialprüfungsanstalt Universität Stuttgart http://www.mpa.uni-stuttgart.de/mpa_en_home.htm

627 Karlsruhe University/Universität Karlsruhe http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/index_en.php

628 European Approach to Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Management and Rehabilitation Strategies (EU-Projekt) http://www.ft.uni-karlsruhe.de/FORDAT/PROJEKTE/ka8890.htm

629 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigations on Structure and Functions of Complex Systems (NMR) http://www.wasserchemie.uni-karlsruhe.de/english/791.php

630 JRC Institute for Transuranium Elements http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php?id=72

631 Alliance for Nuclear Comptence/Kompetenzverbund Kerntechnik http://nuklear-server.ka.fzk.de/Kompetenzverbund/start.htm

632 Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology/Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) http://www.bmwi.de/English/Navigation/root.html

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of German nuclear higher education and the German nuclear society/Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V633 promotes the development of nuclear energy.

In Germany, all four nuclear utilities have been engaged in supporting universities in creating new professorships and academic programmes in nuclear technology. Moreover, they created a common utility-led international program for graduates in nuclear technology and management which has operated since 2008 at the Technical University Munich.

STAKEHOLDERS

There are many companies in Germany that are involved in the nuclear business which includes: Arens Rohrleitungsbau GmbH & Co. KG634, AVA Econ Industries GmbH u. Co. KG.635, Babcock Noell636, Balcke-Dürr GmbH637, Barlage GmbH638, Camfil Farr639, Chemotrade Leipzig640, Cronitec Edelstahl

633 German nuclear society/Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V http://www.ktg.org/ktg/de/index.php?navid=0

634 Arens Rohrleitungsbau GmbH & Co. KG http://www.arens-rohrsysteme.de/

635 AVA Econ Industries GmbH u. Co. KG. http://www.ava-econ.com/

636 Babcock Noell http://www.babcocknoell.de/en/babcock-noell-gmbh.139.html

637 Balcke-Dürr GmbH www.balcke-duerr.de 638 Barlage GmbH http://www.barlage.com/home-131-13-103.

html639 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/640 Chemotrade Leipzig http://www.chemotrade-leipzig.de/

GmbH641, DBE & DBE Tec642, Doosan Heaven Industries & Construction Co. Ltd643, EnBW644, Evonik Steag GmbH645, E.ON646, Energiewerke Nord GmbH647, Gamma-Service Produktbestrahlung GmbH648, GNS649, GERB650, GEA Group AG651, Hans Wälischmiller652, Internexco GmbH653, Keller & Kalmbach Fördertechnik GmbH654, Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH655, Kerntechnische Hilfsdienst GmbH656, Kraftanlagen München/Heidelberg GmbH657, KSB AG658, Meeraner

641 Cronitec Edelstahl GmbH http://www.cronitec.de/642 www.dbe.de , www.dbetec.de 643 Doosan Heaven Industries & Construction Co. Ltd http://

www.doosanheavy.com/eng/1/sub1_01_1.htm644 EnBW http://www.enbw.com/content/de/index.jsp 645 Evonik Steag GmbH http://corporate.evonik.de/en/

energy/Pages/default.aspx646 E.ON http://www.eon.com/de 647 Energiewerke Nord GmbH www.ewn-gmbh.de 648 Gamma-Service Produktbestrahlung GmbH http://www.

gamma-service.de/index.php?id=87&L=1649 GNS http://www.gns.de/ 650 GERB http://www.gerb.com/index_en.php 651 GEA Groeup Ag www.geagroup.com 652 Hans Wälischmiller http://www.hwm.com/

ersteSeiteUnternehmen_engl.html653 Internexco GmbH http://www.internexco.com/?lang=en 654 Keller & Kalmbach Fördertechnik GmbH http://www.k-k-

foerdertechnik.de/655 Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH http://www.kkw-

gundremmingen.de/656 Kerntechnische Hilfsdients GmbH www.khgmbh.de 657 Kraftanlagen München GmbH / Heidelberg GmbH www.

ka-muenchen.de www.ka-heidelberg.de 658 KSB AG www.ksb.com

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Germany

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Dampfkesselbau GmbH659, the MTH Metall-Technik Halbrücke GmbH & Co. KG660, NSD-Fusion GmbH, Nuclitec (Eckhert & Ziegler)661, Nukem662, Peri663, Röhr + Stolberg GmbH664, RWE665, Siempelkamp666, Simulator Centre667, Stahl-und Apparatebau Hans Leefer GmbH & Co. KG668 , Verein f”r Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf669, and VGB Power Tech e.V.670

There is also a large number of international companies that have a presence in Germany which includes: ABB Group671, Aker Solutions672, Allen & Overy LLP673, Amec674, Areva (its subsidiary Advanced Nuclear Fuels GmbH -ANF-675), ARUP676, Ashurst677, Asltom678, Atkins679, BT680, Camfil

659 Meeraner Dampfkesselbau GmbH http://www.mdkb.de/660 MTH Metall-Technik Halbrücke GmbH & Co. KG http://

www.jlgoslar-batterieprodukte.de/index_e.htm661 Nuclitec (Eckhert & Ziegler) http://www.nuclitec.de/en/

company/662 Nukem http://www.nukem.de/ 663 Peri http://www.peri.de/ww/en/company/addresses/

europe/germany.cfm 664 Röhr + Stolberg GmbH http://www.roehr-stolberg.de/en/

index.asp665 RWE http://www.rwe.com/web/cms/en/8/rwe/ 666 Siempelkamp http://www.siempelkamp.com/index.

php?id=1819667 www.simulatorzentrum.de 668 Stahl-und Apparatebau Hans Leefer GmbH & Co. KG

http://www.leffer.de/669 Verein für Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf

www.vkta.de 670 VGB Power Tech e.V. http://www.vgb.org/671 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/ 672 Aker solutions http://www.akersolutions.com/internet/

default.htm673 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/

Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410674 Amec http://www.amec.com/ 675 Advanced Nuclear Fuels GmbH (ANF) http://www.areva-

np.com/scripts/info/publigen/content/templates/show.asp?P=1223&L=US

676 ARUP http://www.arup.com/ 677 Ashurst http://www.ashurst.com/home.aspx?id_

Content=2 678 Alstom http://www.alstom.com/home/ 679 Atkins http://www.atkinsglobal.com/ 680 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do

Farr681, Pöyry682, Clifford Change683, DLA Piper684, Field Fisher Waterhouse685, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer686, Gardiner & Theobald687, Gleeds Worldwide688, Golder Associates689, Hammonds690, HSB Global Standards691, Hyder Consulting692, M+W Group693, Morgan Lewis694, Morson Projects695, Osborne Clarke International696, Outokumpu697, Roxtec698, SA Global699, Simmons & Simmons700, Studsvik701, Urenco702, URS703, Vattenfall Europe Nuclear Energy (VENE)704 and Westinghouse Electric Germany GmbH705.

681 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/682 Pöyry http://www.poyry.com/683 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html 684 DLA Piper http://www.dlapiper.com/ 685 Field Fisher Waterhouse http://www.ffw.com/ 686 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer http://www.freshfields.

com/ 687 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/ 688 Gleeds Worldwide http://www.gleeds.com/worldwide/

index.cfm? 689 Golder Associates http://www.golder.com/de/en/

modules.php?name=Pages&sp_id=485 690 Hammonds http://www.hammonds.com/ 691 HSB Global Standards http://www.hsbglobalstandards.

com/ 692 Hyder Consulting693 M+W Group is a German company with presence in

Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland and United Kingdom http://www.mwgroup.net/

694 Morgan Lewis http://www.morganlewis.com/ 695 Morson Projects http://www.morson-projects.co.uk/ 696 Osborne Clarke International http://www.osborneclarke.

com/ 697 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 698 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 699 QSA Global http://www.qsa-global.com/700 Simmons & Simmons http://www.simmons-simmons.

com/index.cfm?fuseaction=simmons_simmons_com.main

701 Studsvik http://www.studsvik.se/index.php?afw_lang=en702 Urenco http://www.urenco.com/content/45/URENCO-

Deutschland-(Gronau).aspx703 URS http://www.urscorp.eu/ 704 VENE http://www.vattenfall.de 705 Westinghouse Electric Germany GmbH http://www.

westinghousenuclear.com/Businesses/nuclear_services/germany_english.shtm

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INDUSTRY IN GERMANY

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Germany [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Germany

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GREECE

Although Greece does not have a nuclear power programme, some work is carried out in nuclear research at the Demokritos Research Reactor. This is reflected in the higher educational opportunities available in the country.

The national authority that has the responsibility for nuclear safety and radiation protection issues is the Greek Atomic Energy Commission/ Ελληνική Επιτροπή Ατομικής Ενέργειας (GAEC)706.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Greece is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). The higher education offered in the nuclear field is limited and is concentrated in two major institutions: the Greek Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) which offers an Inter-University Postgraduate Course in Medical and Radiation Physics (Universities of Athens, Ioannina and Thrace)707; and the Institute of Nuclear Physics708 of the National Centre of Scientific Research “Demokritos”/ Εθνικό Κέντρο Έρευνας Φυσικών Επιστημών «Δημόκριτος»709 which offers, in collaboration with its sister Institute of Materials Science and with the School of Applied Mathematics and Natural Science (ΣEMΦE) of the National Technical University of Athens/Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (NTUA/ΕΜΠ)710 a Master’s degree and a Doctorate in Nuclear and Particle Physics.

In addition, the University of Ioannina/Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων711 offers a wide range of courses whuch includes: Applications in Nuclear Physics; Atomic Physics; Molecular Physics; Nuclear Physics I and II; and Plasma Physics712. Finally, GAEC also

706 Greek Atomic Energy Commission/ Ελληνική Επιτροπή Ατομικής Ενέργειας (GAEC) http://www.gaec.gr/en/

707 Inter – University Postgraduate Course in Medical - Radiation Physics (Universities of Athens, Ioannina and Thrace) http://www.gaec.gr/en/index.php?fvar=html/edu/_msc

708 Institute of Nuclear Physics http://www.inp.demokritos.gr/

709 National Centre of Scientific Research Demokritos/Εθνικό Κέντρο Έρευνας Φυσικών Επιστημών Δημοκριτος http://www.demokritos.gr/index_muk.asp

710 National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)/Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ) http://www.ntua.gr/ntua_en.html

711 University of Ioannina/Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων http://www.uoi.gr/en/index.php

712 Plasma Physics http://www.physics.uoi.gr/en/ug_optional_courses.html

offers a post-graduate educational course on Radiation Protection and the Safety of Radiation Sources713. In the field of nuclear technology the NTUA/ΕΜΠ offers several courses which include: Nuclear Engineering I and II; Advanced Nuclear Engineering I and II; Experimental Nuclear Engineering; Biomedical Engineering; Mechanical Measurements; and Laboratory and Principles of Physics and Engineering Applications. The only institution involved in training for radiation protection is GAEC714.

Nuclear research is carried out at: the Institute of Nuclear Technology - Radiation Protection715; the Institute of Nuclear Physics716; and the Institute of Radioisotopes & Radiodiagnostics Products717 of “Demokritos”. Furthermore, nuclear research is one of the objectives of several departments of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki/Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης718, the Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration719, the Department of Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics720 of the National & Kapodistrian University of Athens/Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών721 and the Nuclear Engineering Section722 of NTUA.

713 Post-graduate Educational Course on Radiation Protection and the Safety of Radiation Sources http://www.gaec.gr/en/index.php?fvar=html/edu/_seminario

714 Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering http://nestoras.ee.auth.gr/

715 Institute of Nuclear Technology - Radiation Protection http://ipta.demokritos.gr/

716 Institute of Nuclear Physics http://www.inp.demokritos.gr/

717 Institute of Radioisotopes & Radiodiagnostics Products http://www.rrp.demokritos.gr/

718 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki/Αριστοτελειο Πανεπιστημιο Θεσσαλονικης http://www.auth.gr/home/index_en.html

719 Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration http://www.igme.gr/enmain.htm

720 Dep. Of Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physiscs http://www2.phys.uoa.gr/html/TOMEAS_B/PirinikiFramesetAll.htm

721 National & Kapodistrian University of Athens/ Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών http://en.uoa.gr/

722 Nuclear Engineering Section http://www.mech.ntua.gr/en/sections/TPT http://nuclear.ntua.gr/arcas/overview/index.en.html

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Finally, several departments of the University of Ioannina, such as, the High Energy Physics Laboratory723, the Nuclear Physics Laboratory724, the School of Medicine725 and the Section of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics726 are involved in nuclear research.

723 High Energy Physics Laboratory https://alpha.physics.uoi.gr/

724 Nuclear Physics Laboratory http://www.uoi.gr/physics/npl/research.htm

725 School of Medicine http://www.uoi.gr/en/medicine1.php 726 Section of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Nuclear Physics

and High Energy Physics https://alpha.physics.uoi.gr/SectionIII.html

STAKEHOLDERS

The companies involved in the nuclear industry in Greece include: ABB Group727, Allen & Overy LLP728, Alstom729, Atkins730, Böhler Edelstahl731, Bureau Veritas732, Clyde & Co733, Outokumpu734 and Roxtec735.

727 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/728 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/

Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410729 Alstom http://www.alstom.com/home/730 Atkins http://www.atkinsglobal.com/731 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 732 Bureau Veritas http://www.bureauveritas.com/wps/wcm/

connect/bv_com/Group 733 Clyde & Co http://www.clydeco.com/ 734 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 735 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Greece

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INDUSTRY IN GREECE

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Greece [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Greece

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

HUNGARY

Hungary has one nuclear power plant, Pacs, with four VVER reactors which together produce about one third of the country’s electrical power requirements.

In addition, a decision has been made to construct a facility for the storage of high level radioactive waste. The facility for low level waste is already in operation and the one for intermediate level waste is expected to be ready in 2012.

The regulatory body that is responsible for all nuclear facilities and all radioactive and nuclear materials is the Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority (HAEA)736.

Despite having a nuclear power programme, there are very few opportunities in Hungary at the higher educational level in the nuclear field.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Hungary is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). The only university in Hungary that offers a Bachelor’s degree in the field of the nuclear energy is the Budapest University of Technology and Economics/Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem (BUTE)737. Its Institute of Nuclear Techniques738 offers a Nuclear Specialisation in the 5 years Engineering Physics Program739.

There is no university which offers a Master’s degree in the nuclear field. However, the University of Debrecen/Debreceni Egyetem740 offers a Doctorate in its Nuclear Physics Programme741 (Atomic and molecular physics, Nuclear Physics, Solid State Physics, Interdisciplinary applications, Particle Physics). This university offers several courses

736 Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority http://www.haea.gov.hu/web/v2/portal.nsf/index_en

737 Budapest University of Technology and Economics/ Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem http://portal.bme.hu/langs/en/default.aspx

738 Institute of Nuclear Techniques/BME Nucleáris Technikai Intézet http://www.reak.bme.hu/en/home.html

739 Nuclear specialisation in the 5 years Engineering Physics Program http://www.reak.bme.hu/en/education/academic_programs/nuclear_specialisation_in_the_5_years_engineering_physics_program.html

740 University of Debrecen/Debreceni Egyetem http://www.unideb.hu/portal/en

741 PhD Nuclear Physics Programme http://dragon.unideb.hu/~physphd/

which include: Quantum, Atomic and Nuclear Physics; Nuclear and Particle Physics; Health Protection and Radioecology; Nuclear Techniques; Atomic Energy; Experimental Nuclear Physics; and Measurement Methods in Nuclear and Particle Physics and Laboratory Practices.

Further, the Eötvös Loránd University/Eötvos Loránd Tudományegyetem742 has an Atomic and Molecular Physics Module and a Particle Physics Module within the Master’s degree in Physics743.

The University of Pannonia Veszprém/Pannon Egyetem744 offers several courses: Basics of Radiation; Dosimetry; Decontamination; Laboratory practices; Lessons from the Nuclear and Radiation Accidents; Measuring Ambient Radiation; Nuclear Chemistry and Applications of Radioisotopes; Nuclear Metrology; Nuclear Energetic and its Environmental Impacts; Nuclear Emergency, Radiation Accident Management; Radiation Chemistry and Technology, Radioactive Tracer Methods; Radioactive Waste Disposal; Radioactive Waste Management; Radiochemical Calculations; Radioecology; Radiations and Radio-nuclides in Nature; and Uses of Radioisotopes.

The Institute of Nuclear Techniques offers a large number of courses which includes: Application of Nuclear Techniques; Electronics Laboratory; Environmental Radiation Protection; Environmental Protection; Experimental Nuclear Physics; Fundamentals of Nuclear Energy; Introduction to Data Evaluation; Introduction to Environmental Protection; Introduction to Geophysics; Materials of Nuclear Power Plants; Measurements and Diagnostics during Operation; Medical Imaging Systems; Monte Carlo Methods; Nuclear Disarmament - Physical, Technical and Political Aspects; Nuclear Energy Systems; Nuclear Electronics; Nuclear Measuring Methods; Nuclear Measuring Techniques; Nuclear and Neutron physics; Nuclear Power Plants; Nuclear Power Plant Operation; Nuclear Safety Radio-analytics; Radiation protection and legal control; Radioactive Waste; Radioactive Waste Management; Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry; Reactor Physics; Reactor Technology; Reactor Physics for

742 Eötvös Loránd University/Eötvos Loránd Tudományegyetem http://www.elte.hu/en

743 Master Degree in Physics http://phys.elte.hu/engedu/MSc_Programs_in_English.html

744 University of Pannonica Veszprém/Pannon Egyetem http://englishweb.uni-pannon.hu/index.php?lang=en

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engineers; Special Laboratory for Atomic Energy; Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy; and Thermo-hydraulics for Nuclear Power Plants.

Finally, the Budapest University of Technology and Economics/Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem (BUTE) offers several nuclear related subjects within the Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in both Physics and Energy Engineering. Regarding training, the possibilities include: the Institute of Nuclear Techniques (BUTE) offers a training course Continuing Education Program in Reactor Physics and Reactor Technology745; the Institute of Isotopes/ Üdvözöljük az MTA Izotópkutató Intézet Honlapján offers some lab practices for undergraduate students in chemistry and physics; and several departments of the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute/KFKI Atomenergia Kutatóintézet and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics/Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem have organised training courses.

Continuing with its work in the nuclear field, the Institute of Nuclear Techniques (BUTE) also specialises in research. The Hungarian Academy of Sciences/Magyar Tudományos Akadémia746 has several centers/institutes which carry out research

745 Continuing Education Program in Reactor Physics and Reactor Technology http://www.reak.bme.hu/en/education/academic_programs/continuing_education_in_reactor_physics_and_technology.html

746 Hungarian Academy of Sciences/Magyar Tudományos Akadémia http://www.mta.hu/index.php?id=406&type=0

in the nuclear field which includes: the Chemical Research Center/Kémiai Kutatóközpont747; the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute/KFKI Atomenergia Kutatóintézet748; the Institute of Isotopes/MTA Izotópkutató Intézet749; and the Institute of Nuclear Research/Atommagkutató Intézete750.

There are a number of other institutions that are involved in research which includes: the Frédéric Joliot Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene/Országos Frédéroc Joliot-Curie Sugáregészségügyi Kutató Intézet751; the Institute for Electric Power Research752; the Institute of Isotopes/Izotóp Intézet753; Bay Zoltan Foundation for Applied Research/Bay Zoltan Alkalmazott Kututasi Közalapitvany (BZAKA)754;

747 Chemical Research Center/Kémiai Kutatóközpont http://www.chemres.huindex.htm

748 KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute/KFKI Atomenergia Kutatóintézet http://www.kfki.hu/~aekihp/

749 Institute of Isotopes/MTA Izotópkutató Intézet http://www.iki.kfki.hu/index_en.shtml

750 Institute of Nuclear Research/Atommagkutató Intézete http://www.atomki.hu/index_en.html

751 Frédéric Joliot Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene/Országos Frédéroc Joliot-Curie Sugáregészségügyi Kutató Intézet http://www.osski.hu/index_en.php

752 Institute for Electric Power Research http://www.veiki.hu/index.html

753 Institute of Isotopes/ Izotóp Intézet http://www.izotop.hu/?page_id=7

754 Bay Zoltan Foundation for Applied Research/Bay Zoltan Alkalmazott Kututasi Közalapitany (BZAKA) http://www.bzlogi.hu/bzaka/bzaka_angol.main.page

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Hungary

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

and Power Engineering and Contractor Co./ETV-ERŐTERV Energetikai Tervező és Vállalkozó ZRt755.

STAKEHOLDERS

The companies involved in the nuclear industry in Hungary include: ETV-ERŐTERV Co, the EVIG Engineering756, the Institute of Isotopes (in its market economy field), the KBF UNIO Bányászati Technológiai Fejlesztési Kft.757, Magyar Villamos Művek Zrt758 and Paks NPP have an important presence in the sector.

755 Power Engineering and Contractor Co./ ETV-ERŐTERV Energetikai Tervező és Vállalkozó ZRt. http://www.etv.hu/english/index.php

756 EVIG Engineering http://www.evig-engineering.hu/index_us.html

757 KBF UNIO Bányászati Technológiai Fejlesztési Kft. http://www.kbfiunio.hu/

758 Magyar Villamos Művek Zrt http://english.mvm.hu/Engine.aspx

There are a number of international companies that have a presence in Hungary which includes: ABB Group759, Allen & Overy LLP760, Alstom761, Areva762, Atomstroyexport763, Böhler Edelstahl764, BT765, Bureau Veritas Group766, Clifford Change767, DLA Piper768, Gardiner & Theobald769, GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy International770, Gleeds Worldwide771, Golder Associates772, Mott MacDonald773, Outokumpu774 and Roxtec775. Finally the Magyar Nukleáris Társaság/Hungarian Nuclear Society (MNT)776 is interested in the development of nuclear culture as part of the European Nuclear Society.

759 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/760 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/

Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410761 Alstom http://www.alstom.com/home/762 Areva http://www.areva.com/763 Atomstroyexport http://www.atomstroyexport.com/764 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 765 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 766 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group767 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html 768 DLA Piper http://www.dlapiper.com/ 769 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/ 770 GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy International http://www.

gepower.com/home/index.htm 771 Gleeds Worldwide http://www.gleeds.com/worldwide/

index.cfm? 772 Golder Associates http://www.golder.com/hu/en/

modules.php?name=Pages&sp_id=551773 Mott MacDonald http://www.mottmac.hu/ 774 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 775 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 776 Magyar Nukleáris Társaság/Hungarian Nuclear Society

(MNT) http://mnt.kfki.hu/index.php?page=&lang=en

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INDUSTRY IN HUNGARY

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Hungary [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Hungary

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

IRELAND

Ireland does not have a nuclear power programme or any nuclear facilities.

The main nuclear authorities are the Radiological Protection Institute777 which is in charge of the nuclear and radiological matters and the National Emergency Plan for Nuclear Accidents (NEPNA)778 which coordinates the emergency response to a radioactive contamination in Ireland.

This lack of interest in nuclear power is reflected in higher level education where none of the institutions offer a degree or carries out research in the nuclear field.

Higher education in Ireland is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). There are a small number of courses offered in the nuclear field by the School of Physical Sciences779 of the Dublin City University780 (which includes Applied Spectroscopy, Laser Physics and Medical Applications and Medical Imaging Radiation Physics) and by the National University of Ireland (Maynooth)781 (which includes Radiation, Nuclear and Particle Physics).

Regarding nuclear research, four institutions are involved: the Centre for Laser Plasma Research782 of the School of Physical Sciences783 (Dublin City University); the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies784; the National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology (NCPST)785 and the School of Physics786 of the University of Dublin/ Trinity College Dublin787.

777 Radiological Protection Institute http://www.rpii.ie/778 National Emergency Plan for Nuclear Accidents

(NEPNA) http://www.environ.ie/en/Environment/EnvironmentalRadiation/NationalEmergencyPlan/

779 School of Physical Sciences http://www.dcu.ie/physics/index.shtml

780 Dublin City University http://www.dcu.ie/index.shtml781 National University of Ireland (Maynooth) http://www.

nuim.ie/782 Center for Laser Plasma Research http://www.clpr.dcu.ie/ 783 School of Physical Sciences http://www.dcu.ie/physics/

index.shtml784 Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies http://www.dias.ie/

index.html785 National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology

(NCPST) http://www.ncpst.ie/786 School of Physics http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/787 University of Dublin/ Trinity College Dublin http://www.

tcd.ie/

STAKEHOLDERS

There are a number of international companies that have a presence in Ireland which includes: ABB Group788, ARUP789, Asltom790, Assystem791, Atkins792, BT793, Camfil Farr794, Cyril Swett795, Davis Langdom796, Fluor Corporation797, Gardiner & Theobald798, Golder Associates799, Hyder Consulting800, M+W Group801, Mott MacDonald802, Outokumpu803, Roxtec804, RPS805 and URS806.

788 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/789 ARUP http://www.arup.com/790 Asltom http://www.alstom.com/home/791 Assystem http://www.assystem.com/en/index.html 792 Atkins http://www.atkinsglobal.com/ 793 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 794 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/795 Cyril Swett http://www.cyrilsweett.com/home 796 Davis Langdom http://www.davislangdon.com/Global/ 797 Fluor Corporation http://www.fluor.com/pages/default.

aspx 798 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/ 799 Golder Associates http://www.golder.com/ie/en/modules.

php?name=Pages&sp_id=617 800 Hyder Consulting http://www.hyderconsulting.com/EN/

Pages/default.aspx 801 M+W Group http://www.mwgroup.net/ 802 Mott MacDonald http://www.mottmac.ie/803 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 804 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 805 RPS http://www.rpsgroup.com/getdoc/383bbe87-cd30-

457b-a178-d4cc5d41d76f/Ireland.aspx 806 URS http://www.urscorp.eu/

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INDUSTRY IN IRELAND

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Ireland [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Ireland

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

ITALY

Following the Chernobyl accident, nuclear power was phased-out out in Italy and the last nuclear power plant was closed in 1990. Following moves by the Italian government to relaunch a nuclear programme including the establishment of a joint venture development company between EDF and ENEL, a referendum was held in 2011 whose outcome means that there shall be no nuclear developments in Italy for the medium term.

The regulatory body is the Nuclear Safety Agency/Agenzia per la Sicurezza Nucleare. The responsibility for decommissions of old facilities and waste management is with Management Company for Nuclear Installations/Societá Gestione Impianti Nucleari (SOGIN)807 which has the responsibility for the development of a final surface repository.

Although Italy has not produced nuclear power for almost two decades, the higher educational institutions have continued to offer opportunities in the nuclear field so that nuclear education is still important and indeed Italy ranks among the top three providers of nuclear engineering graduates in Europe.

Higher education in Italy is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). At the Bachelor’s degree level there are a number of courses offered in the nuclear field which include:

• the University of Pisa/Università di Pisa808 offers a degree in Nuclear and Safety Engineering809;

• the Technical University of Turin/Politecnico di Torino810 offers a degree in Energy Engineering with a special interest in the Nuclear and Safety Engineering811;

807 Management Nuclear Systems Society/Societá Gestione Impianti Nucleari (SOGIN) http://www.sogin.it/Pagine/default.aspx

808 University of Pisa/Università di Pisa http://www.unipi.it/english/index.htm

809 Nuclear and Safety Engineering Bachelor/Ingegneria Nucleare e della Sicurezza http://www.unipi.it/corsilaurea/corsi/dett_corso_165.html http://coordinamento.ing.unipi.it/

810 Torino Polytechnic/Politecnico di Torino http://www.polito.it/index.en.php

811 Nuclear and Safety Engineering Bachelor/Ingegneria Nucleare e della Sicurezza http://www.unipi.it/corsilaurea/corsi/dett_corso_165.html http://coordinamento.ing.unipi.it/

• the University of Palermo/Università degli Studi di Palermo812 offers a degree in Energy Engineering813 and the Specialist degree in Engineering and Safety of Nuclear Technologies814;

• the University of Roma/Sapienza Università di Roma815 offers a degree in Energy Engineering816; and

• the University of Bologna/Università di Bologna817 has the possibility of a nuclear specialisation as part of the degree in Energy Engineering818.

Additionally, there is the possibility of specialisation in the last year of a degree. In this way, the Milan Polytechnic/Politecnico di Milano offers a third year specialisation in Nuclear Engineering819 within the Energy Engineering degree.

At the Master’s degree level there is a wider range of possibilities as follows:

• the Milan Polytechnic/Politecnico di Milano820 offers a degree in Nuclear Engineering821;

812 University of Palermo/Università degli Studi di Palermo http://portale.unipa.it/#

813 Bachelor’s Degree in Energy Engineering http://portale.unipa.it/amministrazione/areaserviziarete/segretariestudenti/home/corsi_lauree_triennali.html

814 Specialist Bachelor Degree in Engineering and Safety of Nuclear Technologies/Laurea Specialistica in Ingegneria della Sicurezza e delle Tecnologie Nucleari http://din.din.unipa.it/Didattica/Didattica.html

815 University of Roma/Sapienza Università di Roma http://www.uniroma1.it/default_e.php

816 Energy Engineering Bachelor Degree http://servizi.uniroma1.it/corsidilaurea/schedacorso.do?event=setCurrentRowWithKeyValue&rowKeyStr=14476&event=Apri

817 University of Bologna/Università di Bologna http://www.eng.unibo.it/PortaleEn/Academic+programmes/Courses/Engineering/1stDegree/2010/CoursePage20100924.htm

818 Energy Engineering Bachelor http://www.eng.unibo.it/PortaleEn/Academic+programmes/Courses/Engineering/1stDegree/2005/CoursePage20050057.htm

819 Bachelor Decree (specialistic) in Nuclear Engeneering http://www.ingpin.polimi.it/didattica/corsi_di_studio/corso.php?id_nav=2494&aa=2009&k_cf=31&tipo_corso=2&k_corso_la=193

820 Milan Polytechnic/Politecnico di Milano http://www.english.polimi.it/english/frame/main.php?id_nav=-1

821 Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering http://www.cesnef.polimi.it/master_science.php

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• the University of Bologna/Università di Bologna offers degrees in Nuclear and Sub-nuclear Physics822 and Energy and Nuclear Engineering823;

• the University of Palermo/Università degli Studi di Palermo offers a degree in Nuclear and Energy Engineering824 and participates in the European Master’s degree in Nuclear Engineering825; and

• the University of Pisa/Università di Pisa offers degrees in Technology of Nuclear Installations/Tecnologie degli impianti nucleari826 and Nuclear Safety and Security827, and a Master’s dipoloma or degree in Nuclear Engineering and Safety828.

There is also the possibility of a final year specialisation for a Master’s degree. The University of Turin/Università di Torino829 offers a degree in Nuclear and Sub-nuclear Physics /Laurea Magistrale in Fisica, Percorso Fisica nucleare e subnucleare830. The University of Rome/Sapienza Università di Roma offers a degree in Energy Engineering831.

822 Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics http://www.unibo.it/corsi/fisica-magistrale/Pagine/PianiDidattici.aspx?AnnoAccademico=2009&codCorso=8025&Orientamento=000&Indirizzo=788&Progressivo=1

823 Energy and Nuclear Engineering Master’s Degree http://www.ing.unibo.it/Ingegneria/Didattica/LaureeMagistrali/2009/PaginaCorso20090935.htm

824 Nuclear and Energy Engineering http://portale.unipa.it/export/sites/www/home/attachments/comunicazioni/170709-OFFERTA_FORMATIVA_2009_2010_def_25_6_09_magistrale_def.pdf

825 European Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering http://din.din.unipa.it/Didattica/EMSNE.html

826 Technology of Nuclear Installations/Tecnologie degli impianti nucleari http://www.unipi.it/master/dett_master198.html

827 Nuclear Safety and Security http://www.unipi.it/master/dett_master250.html

828 Nuclear Engineering and Safety http://www.unipi.it/corsilaurea/corsi/dett_corso_377.html

829 Torino University/Università di Torino http://www.unito.it/index_english.htm

830 Skilful bachelor in Physics. Distance Nuclear physics and sub-nuclear/Laurea Magistrale in Fisica/Percorso Fisica nucleare e subnucleare http://fisica.campusnet.unito.it/cgi-bin/home.pl/View?doc=Specialistiche/manifesto_LM17.html

831 Energy Engineering http://servizi.uniroma1.it/corsidilaurea/schedacorso.do?event=setCurrentRowWithKeyValue&rowKeyStr=15226&event=Apri

At the Doctorate level, there are the following possibilities: the University of Rome/Sapienza Università di Roma offers a PhD in the nuclear field832; the University of Palermo/Università degli Studi di Palermo offers a degree in Engineering of Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fusion833; Milan Polytechnic offers a degree in Energy and Nuclear Science and Technology834 which is sponsored by the Department of Energy835; the University of Bologna/Università di Bologna offers a degree in Nuclear and Sub-nuclear Physics836; the University of Pisa offers the Nuclear and Industrial Safety/Sicurezza nucleare ed industriale837; and Technical University of Turin/Politecnico di Torino offers the possibility of doing a thesis in the nuclear field as part of the PhD in Energy.

The courses in the nuclear field offered by universities include the following: the University of Bologna/Università di Bologna838 offers a course on Experimental Nuclear and Sub-nuclear Physic; the University of Rome/Sapienza Università di Roma offers courses on Nuclear Physics/Fisica Nucleare839 and Nuclear and Sub-nuclear Physics/Fisica nucleare e sub-nucleare; the University of Torino/Universitá di Torino840 offers courses in Physics of Fundamental Interactions/ Fisica delle Interazioni Fondamentali841, Plasma Physics and Introduction to nuclear and sub-nuclear physics.

832 Electrin Engineering Department http://www.uniroma1.it/studenti/laureati/dottorati/scheda.php?cod=11019

833 Nuclear Reactors Innovation and Fusion Engineering http://din.unipa.it/Struttura/Personale/Dottorandi.html

834 Energy and Nuclear Science and Technology http://www.ricerca.polimi.it/index.php?id=4189

835 Energy and Nuclear Science and Technology http://www.energia.polimi.it/english/education/d_nucleari.php

836 Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics http://www.df.unibo.it/didattica/dott_fisica.htm

837 Emergency nuclear and manufacturer/Sicurezza nucleare ed industriale http://www2.ing.unipi.it/scuola_dottorato_ingegneria/CorsiDottorato.htm

838 University of Bologna/Università di Bologna http://www.eng.unibo.it/PortaleEn/default.htm

839 Fisica Nucleare http://w3.uniroma1.it/energ/Didattica.htm

840 University of Torino/Universitá di Torino http://www.unito.it/unitoWAR/appmanager/unito/home_en?_nfpb=true

841 Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Fisica delle Interazioni Fondamentali http://fisica.campusnet.unito.it/cgi-bin/home.pl/View?doc=Specialistiche/manifesto.html

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The Management Company for Nuclear Installations/Societá Gestione Impianti Nucleari (SOGIN)842 offers a training course in Radioprotection in the Radioprotection School/Scuola di Radioprotezione843.

Research in the nuclear field is carried out at a number of institutions which includes: the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development/Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA)844 which carries out a large number of activities; the Nuclear Engineering Division845 of the Milan Polytechnic/Politecnico di Milano; the Physics Department846 of the University of Bologna/Università di Bologna; the Nuclear Engineering Department847 of the University of Palermo/Università degli Studi di Palermo; the Department of Mechanical, Nuclear and Production Engineering848 of the University of Pisa/Universitá di Pisa; the National Institute of Nuclear Physics849; the Energy Department850 and the Physics Department851 of the University of Roma/Sapienza Università di Roma; and the Experimental Physics Department852 of the University of Torino/Universitá di Torino.

842 Management Nuclear Systems Company/Societá Gestione Impianti Nucleari (SOGIN) http://www.sogin.it/Pagine/default.aspx

843 Scuola di Radioprotezione http://www.sogin.it/sicurezza/Pagine/scuoladiradioprotezione.aspx

844 Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development/Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA) http://www.enea.it/com/ingl/default.htm

845 Nuclear Engineering Division http://www.energia.polimi.it/english/research/cesnef.php

846 Physics Department http://www.df.unibo.it/index.htm847 Nuclear Engineering Department http://din.din.unipa.it/848 Department of Mechanical, Nuclear and of the Production

Engineering http://web.dimnp.unipi.it/849 National Institute of Nuclear Physics http://www.infn.it/

indexen.php850 Energy Department http://w3.uniroma1.it/energ/

ChiSiamo.htm851 Physics Department http://www.phys.uniroma1.it/

DipWeb/home.html852 Experimental Physics Department http://www.dfs.unito.

it/

In addition, the National Institute of Nuclear Physics/Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)853 and the National Research Council/Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)854 are improving research activities in the nuclear sector.

Finally the Interuniversity National Nuclear Technology Research Association/Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Ricerca Tecnologica Nucleare (CIRTEN)855 represents the Italian network institution for education and research in the nuclear field. Another association involved in the nuclear field is the Italian Nuclear Association/Associazione Italiana Nucleare (AIN)856.

STAKEHOLDERS

The main Italian companies involved in the nuclear field include: Ansaldo Nucleare857, Camozzi Group858, Comecer859, Edison860, ENEL861 (SOGIN862), BM Hudson Italia863, Iter864, Mesit865, MITSafetrans866, Nucleco867, SRS Group868, STF869 and Tecnoplan870.

853 National Institute of Nuclear Physics/Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) http://www.infn.it/indexen.php

854 National Research Council/Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) National Research Council/Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) http://www.cnr.it/sitocnr/Englishversion/Englishversion.html

855 Interuniversity National Nuclear Technology Research Association/Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Ricerca Tecnologica Nucleare (CIRTEN) http://www.cirten.it/

856 Italian Nuclear Association/Associazione Italiana Nucleare (AIN) http://www.assonucleare.it/index.htm

857 Ansaldo Nucleare http://www.ansaldoenergia.com/ansaldonucleare_new.htm (To check this in relation with http://www.master.perform.unige.it/ )

858 Camozzi Group http://www.camozzigroup.com/camozzigroup/index.php?lang=en

859 Comecer http://www.comecer.com/860 Edison http://www.edison.it/edison/site/it/861 Enel http://www.enel.com/en-GB/862 Società Gestione Impianti Nuclear (SOGIN) subsidiary

of ENEL for the nuclear activities. http://www.sogin.it/Pagine/default.aspx

863 BM Hudson Italia (int) http://www.fbmhudson.com/about.html

864 Iter http://www.iter-consult.it/ 865 Mesit http://www.mesit.com/home.eng.htm 866 MITSafetrans http://www.mitsafetrans.com/mitsafetrans/

en/home.aspx867 Nucleco http://www.nucleco.it/Pagine/default.aspx868 SRS Group http://www.srs.it/ 869 STF http://www.stf.it/index.html870 Tecnoplan http://www.tecnoplan.it/

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The international companies that have presence in Italy include: EDF as EDF-Italy871, ABB Group (Int)872, Allen & Overy LLP873, Amec874, Areva875, ARUP876, Ashurst877, Asltom878, Böhler Edelstahl879, BT880, Bureau Veritas881, Camfil Farr882, Clifford Change883, DLA Piper884, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer885, Gardiner & Theobald886, GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy

871 EDF-Italy http://italy.edf.com/edf-italy-47426.html 872 ABB Group (Int) http://www.abb.com/873 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/

Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410874 Amec http://www.amec.com/ 875 Areva http://www.areva.com/876 ARUP http://www.arup.com/ 877 Ashurst http://www.ashurst.com/home.aspx?id_

Content=2 878 Asltom http://www.alstom.com/home/879 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 880 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 881 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group882 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/883 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html 884 DLA Piper http://www.dlapiper.com/ 885 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer http://www.freshfields.

com/ 886 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/

International887, GERB888, Golder Associates889, Hammonds890, M+W Group891, Morson Projects892, Osborne Clarke International893, Pöyry894, Roxtec895 and URS896.

887 GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy International http://www.gepower.com/home/index.htm

888 GERB http://www.gerb.com/index_en.php889 Golder Associates http://www.golder.com/it/en/modules.

php?name=Pages&sp_id=639 890 Hammonds http://www.hammonds.com/ 891 M+W Group http://www.mwgroup.net/ 892 Morson Projects http://www.morson-projects.co.uk/ 893 Osborne Clarke International http://www.osborneclarke.

com/ 894 Pöyry Energy http://www.poyry.com/895 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 896 URS http://www.urscorp.eu/

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Italy

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

INDUSTRY IN ITALY

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Italy [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Italy

71

JRC Reference Report

LATVIA

Latvia does not have a nuclear power programme of its own but was dependent on electricity imports from Lithuania so that it has been affected by Lithuania’s decision to close the Ignalina nuclear power plant in December 2009. As a result of this, the national energy company Latvenergo has received a mandate from the Government to work on preparations for a new Ignalina nuclear power plant together with other energy companies from the Baltic countries.

Latvia does not have a nuclear regulatory body. The responsibility for nuclear matters is with the Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Agency (EGMA)897.

The lack of a nuclear power programme is reflected in the higher educational opportunities available in the nuclear field.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Latvia is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). Despite the recent interest in nuclear power, none of the Latvian universities offers a degree in the nuclear field. However, the Riga Technical University/Rigas Tehniska Universitate898 offers two courses: Molecular Spectroscopy899 and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Although there is a lack of possibilities in higher education in the nuclear field, there are a number institutions involved in research which includes: the Latvian Academy of Sciences/Latvijas Zinatnu Akademija900; the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics901; the University of Latvia/Latvijas Universitate902 and its Laser Centre903; the Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy/Atomfizikas

897 Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Agency (EGMA) http://www.meteo.lv/public/26902.html

898 Riga Technical University/ Rigas Tehniska Universitate http://www.rtu.lv/component/option,com_newsbox/task,view/id,2/Itemid,1074/lang,en

899 Molecular Spectroscopy http://www.ktf.rtu.lv/mzlkfeng/index.htm

900 Latvian Academy of Sciences/Latvijas Zinatnu Akademija http://www.lza.lv/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=100

901 Laboratory of Theoretical Physics http://www.atomic-physics.lv/index.htm

902 University of Latvia/Latvijas Universitate http://www.lu.lv/eng/

903 Laser Centre http://www.lasercentre.lv/

un Spektroskopijas Institüts904; the Institute of Physics/Fizikas Instituts905; and the Institute of Solid State Physics/Cietvielu Fizijas Instituts906 (particularly the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions and the Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics).

Finally, the Latvian Academy of Sciences/Latvijas Zinatnu Akademija is the most important organisation involved in the improvement of activities in the nuclear field.

STAKEHOLDERS

The companies involved in the nuclear industry in Latvia include the following three: ABB Group907, Outokumpu908 and Bureau Veritas Group909.

904 Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy/Atomfizikas un Spektroskopijas Institüts http://www.asi.lv/New/en/index.htm

905 Institute of Physics/Fizikas Instituts http://ipul.lv/main/906 Institute of Solid State Physics/Cietvielu Fizijas Instituts

http://www.cfi.lv/907 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/908 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 909 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

INDUSTRY IN LATVIA

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Latvia [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Latvia

73

JRC Reference Report

LITHUANIA

Lithuania had one nuclear power plant, Ignalina, with two RBMK reactors which generated about two thirds of the country’s electricity requirements. This started commercial operation in 1983 but the first unit on the site was closed down in December 2004 and the second one in December 2009. Currently, the government has decided to build a new nuclear power plant on this site in collaboration with other Baltic countries - referred to as the Visaginas project.

The main Lithuanian nuclear authority is the State Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate/Valstybine Atomines Energetikos Saugos Inspekcija (VATESI)910 which has the remit to ensure nuclear safety. Other nuclear institutions are the Radiation Protection Center/Radiacines Saugos Centras911 and the Radioactive Waste Management Agency/Vl Radioaktyviuju Atlieku Tvarkymo Agentura912 which was established in 2001 for the management and final disposal of all radioactive waste.

The higher educational institutions in the country offer a small number of possibilities for degrees in the nuclear field.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Lithuania is divided into three stages (as required by the Bologna Process) as follows: the Bachelor’s degree (to gain a theoretical basis in a particular subject), the Master’s degree or special vocational training programmes (to prepare a student for independent scientific work) and the Doctorate degree (for scientists who will specialise in a particular field).

Regarding the first stage, there are two institutions that offer Bachelor’s degrees: Kaunas University of Technology/Kauno Technologijos Universitetas913 which offers a degree in Nuclear Energy (Bachelor of Power Engineering); and the University of Vilnius

910 State Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate/Valstybine Atomines Energetikos Saugos Inspekcija (VATESI)

http://www.vatesi.lt/index.php?id=2&L=1 911 Radiation Protection Center/Radiacines Saugos Centras

http://www.rsc.lt/index.php/pageid/510 Research http://www.rsc.lt/index.php/pageid/466 912 Radioactive Waste Management Agency/Vl

Radioaktyviuju Atlieku Tvarkymo Agentura http://www.rata.lt/en.php/about_rata/general_

information/913 Kaunas University of Technology/Kauno Technologijos

Universitetas http://en.ktu.lt/

/Vilniaus Universitetas914 which offers a degree in Physics of Nuclear Energetics915.

The only university offering a Master’s degree in the nuclear field is Kaunas University of Technology/Kauno Technologijos Universitetas which offers a degree in Power Engineering. This university also offers the possibility to do a Doctorate degree in the Thermal Engineering Department.

Recently, the Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI) along with other Technical Support Organisations (TSOs) has created the European Nuclear Safety Training and Tutoring Institute (ENSTTI)916 which offers several training courses.

Although there is not a wide choice of courses in the nuclear field, there are research activities being carried out at the following institutions: the Lithuanian Energy Institute/Lietuvos Energetikos Institutas917 with its nuclear departments (Laboratory of Nuclear Engineering918, Laboratory of Nuclear Installation Safety919 and the Lithuanian International Nuclear Safety Center920); the Radiation Protection Center/Radiacines Saugos Centras; and the universities, Kaunas University of Technology/Kauno Technologijos Universitetas in particularly its Department of Thermal and Nuclear Energy921, the Institute of Physics of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences/Lietuvos Mokslu Akademija922 and the Vilnius University/Vilniaus Universitetas923.

914 Vilnius University/Vilniaus Universitetas http://www.vu.lt/en/

915 Physics of Nuclear Energetics Bachelor https://klevas.vu.lt/pls/klevas/public_ni$www_progr_app.show?p_kalba_name=en&p_mode=view

916 The European Nuclear Safety Training and Tutoring institute (ENSTTI) is a joint initiative of French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety/Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Germany’s Company for Plants and Reactor Safety/Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI) and Czech Nuclear Research Institute Rez/Ústav Jaderného Výzkumu Rez a.s. (UJV) http://www.enstti.eu/Pages/Home.aspx

917 Lithuanian Energy Institute/Lietuvos Energetikos Institutas http://www.lei.lt/index.php?k=9

918 Laboratory of Nuclear Engineering http://www.lei.lt/main.php?m=261&k=9

919 Laboratory of Nuclear Installation Safety http://www.lei.lt/main.php?m=263&k=9

920 Lithuanian International Nuclear Safety Center http://www.lei.lt/insc/index.html

921 Department of Thermal and Nuclear Energy http://en.ktu.lt/content/department/thermal-and-nuclear-energy

922 Lithuanian Academy of Sciences/Lietuvos Mokslu Akademija http://lma.lt/index.php?lang=en

923 Research http://www.vu.lt/en/research/

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

Finally, the Lithuanian Nuclear Energetics Association/Lietuvos Branduolines Energetikos Asociacija has a special interest in the consolidation of nuclear knowledge924.

STAKEHOLDERS

The companies in Lithuania involved in the nuclear industry include: Ignalina NPP925 and Visaginas NPP926, under the umbrella of the Lietuvos Energija AB927. The Rytu skirstomieji tinklai928, the UAB Kauno Energetikos Remontas929 and the UAB Visagino Atominé Elektrine930 is as well involved in the nuclear business.

924 Lithuanian Nuclear Energetics Association/Lietuvos Branduolines Energetikos Asociacija http://www.lbea.lt/?lang=en

925 Ignalina NPP http://www.iae.lt/default_en.asp?lang=1&subsub=10001

926 Visaginas NPP http://www.vae.lt/en/927 Lietuvos Energija AB http://www.le.lt/en928 Rytu skirstomieji tinklai http://www.rst.lt/ 929 UAB Kauno Energetikos Remontas http://www.ker.lt/930 UAB Visagino Atominé Elektrine http://www.vae.lt/

The international companies that have a presence in Lithuania include: ABB Group931, Areva932 and Bureau Veritas Group933, Outokumpu934 and Roxtec935.

931 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/932 Areva http://www.areva.com/933 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group934 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 935 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Lithuania

75

JRC Reference Report

INDUSTRY IN LITHUANIA

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Lithuania [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Lithuania

76

JRC Reference Report

Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

LUXEMBOURG

Traditionally Luxembourg has had a non-nuclear policy and does not have a nuclear power programme. However, it does have a public body in charge of nuclear matters, the Division de Radioprotection/Radioprotection Department936 of the Ministry of Health/Ministère de la Santé which assumes the major responsibility for nuclear matters in collaboration with other government departments such as the Work and Mines Inspection Department/Inspection du Travail et des Mines937.

The non-nuclear policy in Luxembourg means that none of the higher educational institutions in the country offer degrees in the nuclear field.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Luxembourg is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). There is no degree in the nuclear field and only the University of Luxembourg/Université de Luxembourg938 offers one course, Atomic and Nuclear Physics.

936 Division de Radioprotection/Radioprotection Department http://www.ms.public.lu/fr/activites/radioprotection/index.html

937 Work and Mines Inspection Department/Inspection du Travail et des Mines http://www.itm.lu/itm .

938 University of Luxembourg/Université de Luxembourg http://wwwen.uni.lu/

The Radiation Physics Laboratory939 and the Research Unit in Engineering Science940 of the University of Luxembourg/Université de Luxembourg are involved in the nuclear research field.

The European Commission’s DG Energy has two Directorates in Luxembourg in the nuclear field, dealing with Nuclear Safeguards and with Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection.

Finally Luxembourg belongs to the Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Nuclear Receptor society (BNL-NR)941 an association which tries to coordinate all Nuclear Receptor researches within the Benelux countries.

STAKEHOLDERS

There are a number of companies involved in the nuclear industry in Luxembourg include: ABB Group942, Allen & Overy LLP943, BT944, Bureau Veritas Group945, Clifford Change946, Equip Fluides947, Finauxa, Gradel948 and Luxenergie949.

939 Radiation Physics Laboratory http://wwwen.uni.lu/research/fstc/physics_and_material_research_unit/radiation_physics

940 Research Unit in Engineering Science http://wwwen.uni.lu/research/fstc/research_unit_in_engineering_science_rues

941 Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Nuclear Receptor society (BNL-NR) http://nrbenelux.n3t.nl/

942 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/943 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/

Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410944 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do945 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group946 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html 947 Equip Fluides http://www.equip-fluides.

com/?wpid=39423 948 Gradel http://www.gradel.lu/page_historique.

php?lang=en949 Luxenergie http://www.luxenergie.lu/index.

php?idcat=1&lang=3

77

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INDUSTRY IN LUXEMBOURG

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Luxembourg [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Luxembourg

78

JRC Reference Report

Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

MALTA

Malta does not have a nuclear power programme and has no plans to develop nuclear power in the future. This is reflected in the lack of opportunities in the nuclear field at the higher educational level.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Malta is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). There are no degrees available in the nuclear field. Only the University of Malta/L-Universita ta’ Malta950 offers Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Radiography.

950 University of Malta/L-Universita ta’ Malta http://www.um.edu.mt/

Regarding courses, the Malta Institute for Medical Education (M.I.M.E.) offers a Nuclear Medicine course and the University of Malta/L-Universita ta’ Malta951 offers an Atomic Physics952 course.

Additionally, the University of Malta/L-Universita ta’ Malta is the only institution involved in nuclear research953, particularly the Institute for Energy Techonology.

951 University of Malta/L-Universita ta’ Malta http://www.um.edu.mt/

952 Atomic Physics http://www.phys.um.edu.mt/notes.html 953 Research http://www.um.edu.mt/about/research/

faculties/science

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Malta

79

JRC Reference Report

THE NETHERLANDS

The Netherlands has one operating nuclear power plant, the PWR at Borssele which will be allowed to operate until 2034. There is also an older plant, the BWR at Dodewaard, which was a test reactor that was closed down in 1997. The government is currently giving consideration to building a second unit on the Borssele site. There is also the High Flux Reactor (HFR) at Petten which is operated by the Netherlands Energy Research Foundation Nuclear Research and consultancy Group (NRG)954.

The regulatory body is the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment/ Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer (VROM)955.

Despite having a relatively long involvement with nuclear power, there are few opportunities available in the nuclear field at the higher educational level.

Higher education in the Netherlands is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). Currently there is no high educational institution offering a Bachelor’s degree in the nuclear field. However, the Delft University of Technology/Technische Universiteit Delft956 offers two Master’s degrees: Chemical Engineering957 or Applied Physics958 with Specialisation in Nuclear Science and Engineering.

The Eindhoven University of Techonology/Technische Universiteit Eindhoven959 offers the following possibilities of a specialisation: Science

954 Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group/NRG http://www.nrg.eu/indexnl.html

955 VROM, Department of Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards (Kernfysische Dienst) http://international.vrom.nl/

956 Delft University of Technology/Technische Universiteit Delft http://www.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=cd320c39-84fe-4ecc-adf3-113832fa80f2

957 MSc Programme in Chemical Engineering: Specialisation Nuclear Science and Engineering http://www.tnw.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=618c41eb-1b22-46df-898a-efd3895d52d7&lang=en, http://www.chem.msc.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=d86116e3-c460-4455-af28-c417e85d8948&lang=en

958 MSc Programme in Applied Physics: Specialisation Nuclear Science and Engineering http://www.tnw.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=618c41eb-1b22-46df-898a-efd3895d52d7&lang=en, http://www.ap.msc.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=59732254-b61c-4838-87d2-72ac19040874&lang=en

959 Eindhoven University of Techonology/Technische Universiteit Eindhoven http://w3.tue.nl/en/

and Technology of Nuclear Fusion960: and Science in Applied Physics/Specialisation Plasma Physics & Radiation Technology961.

Regarding Doctorate degrees, the Radiation Radionuclides Reactors Department962 of the Delft University of Technology/Technische Universiteit Delft offers the possibility of choosing the nuclear field as a research area963. The University of Groningen/Rijksuniversiteit Groningen especially through its Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI)964 is involved in the nuclear field.

The offer of courses in the nuclear field is quite broad and involves several universities which includes:

• the Delft University of Technology/Technische Universiteit Delft which offers courses in: Nuclear Reactor Physics, Nuclear Reactor Physics Special Topics965, Nuclear Science, Nuclear Chemistry966 and Chemistry of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle967;

• the Eindhoven University of Techonology/Technische Universiteit Eindhoven which offers courses in Advanced Control for Fusion Plasmas, Control and operations of Tokamaks, Fusion on the back of a envelope, Heating and Diagnosing fusion reactors, Magnetic confinement in fusion reactors, Plasma Wall Interaction in fusion reactors, Qualified Expert Level 5A/B, Radiation Safety and Dosimetry for Medical Physicists and Routes to fusion power;

960 Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion Department http://www.phys.tue.nl/fusion/

961 Science in Applied Physics: Specialisation Plasma Physics & Radiation Technology http://www.phys.tue.nl/

962 Radiation Radionuclides Reactors Department http://www.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=70f9805f-de88-

4790-83dc-b5b04db554a6&lang=en 963 PhD Research http://www.tudelft.nl/live/

pagina.jsp?id=34be184f-5e7a-4a66-aa6f-343ed807a679&lang=en

964 Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut(KVI) http://www.rug.nl/kvi/index

965 Nuclear Reactor Physics Special Topics http://www.tnw.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=23f029d5-b0f3-4a46-b74a-baa7f684a686&lang=en

966 Nuclear Chemistry http://www.tnw.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=0e4684df-563f-4159-a89b-c00abfdfdd31&lang=en

967 Chemistry of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle http://www.lr.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=b96f0a1e-ee25-4558-8b1e-dc04182ed3c4&lang=en

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• the University of Groningen/Rijksuniversiteit Groningen968 with a course in Kern van procestechnologie969; and

• the Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group970 which has courses in Advanced and Innovative Reactor Systems, Current LWR Technology, Introduction to Nuclear Power, Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Nuclear Technology.

An important training activity in the nuclear field is performed by the Eindhoven University of Techonology/Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, especially in Radiation protection and dosimetry971, by the Nucleair Nederland972 and by the Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG) (see training973 activities).

In the research field work is carried out at the following institutions:

• the Delft University of Technology/Technische Universiteit Delft particularly in Radiation

968 University of Groningen/Rijksuniversiteit Groningen http://www.rug.nl/corporate/index

969 Kern van procestechnologie http://www.rug.nl/ec/onderwijs/collegeRoosters/vakken/TBPT05E

970 Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group http://www.nrg.eu/indexnl.html

971 Radiation Protection and Dosimetry http://w3.tue.nl/en/services/daz/amvs/sbd/training_instruction_and_education/#c12508

972 Nucleair Nederland http://www.nucleairnederland.nl/ 973 Training http://www.nrg.eu/product/edu/index.html

Radionuclides Reactors974;

• the Eindhoven University of Techonology/Technische Universiteit Eindhoven in Coherence and Quantum Technology, Plasma and Materials Processing and Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion975;

• the Institute for Energy and Transport of the EC’s Joint Research Centre976;

• the Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG);

• the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM)977; and

• the University of Groningen/Rijksuniversiteit Groningen specially by its Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI)978.

Finally the Fantom979 international Research School for Fundamental and Applied Nuclear and Atomic

974 Radiation Radionuclides Reactors http://www.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=70f9805f-de88-4790-83dc-b5b04db554a6&lang=en

975 Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion http://www.phys.tue.nl/fusion/

976 JRC-Institute for Energy http://ie.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ 977 Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM)

http://www.fom.nl/live/english/home.pag978 Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI) http://www.rug.nl/

kvi/index 979 Fantom http://www.rug.nl/kvi/research/

fantomresearchschool/index

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in the Netherlands

81

JRC Reference Report

Physics, with participants from institutions from the Netherlands (Groningen), Belgium (Gent, Leuven), Germany (Münster) and France (Orsay/Paris) has the University of Groningen as its principal co-ordinator.

The Netherlands Nuclear Society (NNS)980 has a big interest in improving the nuclear high education as well as Kivi Niria981 and the Dutch Knowledge Infrastructure on Nuclear Technology (KINT)982.

STAKEHOLDERS

The main companies involved in the nuclear business in The Netherlands include: Centrale Organisatie Voor Radioactief Afval (COVRA)983, Energy Research Centre of the Netherland (ECN), Essent984, EPZ985, KEMA986, NRG and RTD987.

The international companies that have a presence in The Netherlands include: ABB Group988, Aker Solutions989, Allen & Overy LLP990, Alstom991, Areva992, ARUP993, Atkins994, Böhler Edelstahl995, BT996, Bureau Veritas Group997, Camfil Farr998, Clifford Change999,

980 Netherlands Nuclear Society (NNS) http://www.kerntechniek.nl/index.en.html

981 Kivi Niria http://www.kiviniria.net/CM/PAG000002092/english.html

982 Dutch Knowledge Infrastructure on Nuclear Technology (KINT) http://www.kint.nl/

983 Centrale Organisatie Voor Radioactief Afval (COVRA) http://www.covra.nl/1024x768/index1.html

984 Essent http://www.essent.eu/content/about_essent/index.html

985 EPZ http://www.epz.nl/content.asp 986 KEMA http://www.kema.com/about/profile.aspx 987 RTD Roentgen Technische Dienst http://www.rtd-group.

com 988 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/989 Aker Solutions http://www.akersolutions.com/internet/

default.htm990 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/

Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410991 Asltom http://www.alstom.com/home/992 Areva http://www.areva.com/993 ARUP http://www.arup.com/ 994 Atkins http://www.atkinsglobal.com/995 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 996 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 997 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group 998 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/999 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html

DLA Piper1000, Fluor Corporation1001, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer1002, Gardiner & Theobald1003, M+W Group1004, MWH1005, Mott MacDonald1006, Osborne Clarke International1007, Outokumpu1008, Oxand1009, Roxtec1010, RPS1011, Tesella1012, Urenco1013 and URS1014.

1000 DLA Piper http://www.dlapiper.com/ 1001 Fluor Corporation http://www.fluor.com/netherlands/

Pages/default.aspx 1002 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer http://www.freshfields.

com/ 1003 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/1004 M+W Group http://www.mwgroup.net/ 1005 MWH http://www.mwhglobal.com/ 1006 Mott MacDonald http://www.mottmac.nl/1007 Osborne Clarke International http://www.osborneclarke.

com/ 1008 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 1009 Oxand http://www.oxand.com/1010 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 1011 RPS http://www.rps.nl/index.aspx?ID=1 1012 Tesella http://www.tessella.com/ 1013 URENCO is an independent international energy and

technology group operating in UK, D and NL. http://www.urenco.com/

1014 URS http://www.urscorp.eu/

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INDUSTRY IN THE NETHERLANDS

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in the Netherlands [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in the Netherlands

83

JRC Reference Report

POLAND

There were four nuclear reactors under construction in Poland in the 1980s but this project was cancelled in 1990 so that Poland currently does not have any nuclear power plants in operation. However, Poland is currently considering starting a nuclear power programme and is collaborating with the other Baltic states to build a new nuclear reactor on the Ignalina site.

The main nuclear authority is the National Atomic Energy Agency/Państwowa Agencji Atomistyki1015 which will have the responsibility for regulating the new facilities. In addition there is the Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection/Centralne Laboratorium Ochrony Radiologicznej1016 which is responsible for radiological protection.

Despite not having a nuclear power programme, there are a number of opportunities in the nuclear field at the higher educational level.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Poland is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). The Bachelor’s degrees available include: the AGH University of Science and Technology/Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza Im. Stanislawa Staszica w Krakowie1017 offers a degree in Technical Physics Specialisation Nuclear Physics1018; and the Warsaw University of Technology/Politechnika Warszawska1019 offers a degree in Nuclear Power Engineering1020 in its Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering1021.

1015 National Atomic Energy Agency/Państwowa Agencji Atomistyki http://www.paa.gov.pl/en/

1016 Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection/Centralne Laboratorium Ochrony Radiologicznej http://www.clor.waw.pl/

1017 AGH University of Science and Technology/Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza Im. Stanislawa Staszica w Krakowie http://www.agh.edu.pl/en

1018 Bachelor in Technical Physics Specialisation Nuclear Physics http://newton.ftj.agh.edu.pl/dziekan_kursy/?kurs=45&pg=1&pgl=5&lang=en

1019 Warsow University of Technology/Politechnika Warszawska http://www.pw.edu.pl/

1020 Nuclear Power Engineering http://www.meil.pw.edu.pl/pl/MEiL/Studia , http://www.meil.pw.edu.pl/pl/MEiL/Studia/Energetyka-Jadrowa

1021 Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering http://www.meil.pw.edu.pl/eng

The Consortium Personnel for the Nuclear Energy Industry and Technology in Industry and Medicine/Kadry dla Energetyki Jadrowej i Technologi Jadrowej w Przemysle i Medycynie1022 (Maria Curie-Sklodowska University/Uniwersytet Marii Curie Sklodowskiej1023, Wroclaw University of Technology/Politechnika Wroclawska1024 and University of Warsow/Uniwersytet Warszawski1025) offers a range of degrees which includes:

• the Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering1026 offers a specialisation in Design and Utilization of Energy Systems1027 within its Energetics;

• the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science1028 offers a specialisation in Nuclear Safety and Radiological Protection within its Physics studies; and

• the University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry and Faculty of Physics1029 offers a Bachelor’s de-gree in Nuclear Energetics and Chemistry start-ing 2011/2012.

Besides this consortium, several universities offer a nuclear specialisation in its Energy Engineering which includes:

• the Poznan University of Technology/Politechnika Poznanska1030 (Faculty of

1022 Consortium Personnel for Nuclear Energy Industry and Technology in Industry and Medicine/Kadry dla Energetyki Jadrowej I Technologi Jadrowej w Przemsyle I Medycynie http://www.mg.gov.pl/files/upload/10960/program_pej_16082010_v2.pdf

1023 Maria Curie-Sklodowska University/Uniwersytet Marii Curie Sklodowskie http://www.umcs.lublin.pl/articles.php?aid=1113

1024 Wroclaw University of Technology/Politechnika Wroclawska http://www.portal.pwr.wroc.pl/index,242.dhtml

1025 University of Warsow/Uniwersytet Warszawski http://www.uw.edu.pl/en/

1026 http://www.wme.pwr.wroc.pl/index,82.dhtml 1027 Specialisation in Design and Utilization of Energy Systems

http://www.wme.pwr.wroc.pl/energetyka,81.dhtml 1028 Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science

http://mfi.umcs.lublin.pl/?lang=en&id=1 1029 Faculty of Chemistry and Faculty of Physics http://www.

uw.edu.pl/en/page.php/about_uw/faculties.html#chem 1030 Poznan University of Technology/Politechnika Poznanska

http://www.put.poznan.pl/en

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Chemical Technology1031, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering1032 and Faculty of Technical Physics1033) offers a Nuclear Energy Engineering Specialisation1034 in its Energy Engineering degree;

• the Silesian University of Technology/Politechnika Slask1035 offers a Nuclear Engineering specialisation within its Mechanics and Machinery Design department and a Nuclear Energetics Specialisation1036 in its Energy Engineering degree (Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering1037); and

• the Warsaw University of Technology/Politechnika Wroclawska offers a specialisation in Nuclear and Thermal Engineering in its Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering1038 in its Energy Engineering degree.

Regarding Master’s degrees, the AGH University of Science and Technology/Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza Im. Stanislawa Staszica w Krakowie offers two degrees: Technical Physics with a specialisation in Nuclear Physics1039; and Energy Engineering with a specialisation in Nuclear Energy Engineering. In addition, the University of Warsaw/Uniwersytet Warszawski will offer a Nuclear Energetics and Chemistry degree starting in 2012/13.

At the Doctorate level, the AGH University of Science and Technology/Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza Im. Stanislawa Staszica w Krakowie offers Doctorates

1031 Faculty of Chemical Technology http://www2.put.poznan.pl/en

1032 Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering http://www2.put.poznan.pl/wbiis

1033 Faculty of Technical Physics http://www2.put.poznan.pl/en

1034 http://www.put.poznana.pl/studia/kierunki/energetyka 1035 Silesian University of Technology/Politechnika Slask

http://www.polsl.pl/en/Strony/0_welcome.aspx 1036 http://www.polsl.pl/Wydzialy/RIE/Strony/Plany-studiow.

aspx?RootFolder=/Wydzialy/RIE/bibplanystudiow1/Kierunek%20-%20Energetyka&FolderCTID=&View=126837C4-5552-469B-9195-09E4F620E530

1037 Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering http://www.polsl.pl/en/Strony/EnergyAndEnvironmentalEngineering.aspx

1038 Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering http://www.wme.pwr.wroc.pl/index.dhtml

1039 Master in Technical PhyFaculty of Mechanical and Power Engineeringsics Specialisation Nuclear Physics http://newton.ftj.agh.edu.pl/dziekan_kursy/?kurs=61&pg=1&pgl=5&lang=en

in: Technical Nuclear Physics1040 (Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science), and Energy Engineering (in the Faculty of Energy and Fuels starting in 2011/2012).

The Polish Academy of Sciences/Polska Akademia Nauk is the main educational institution and offers the possibility of a Doctorate degree in the nuclear field in several of its institutions which includes1041:

• the Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies/Instytut Problemów Jadrowych im. Andrzeja Soltana1042, 1043;

• the Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics/Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im. Henryka Niewodniczanskieg1044 (specifically the International PhD Studies at the Institute of Nuclear Physics);

• the Institute of Molecular Physics/Instytut Fizy-ki Molekularnej1045, 1046; and

• the Institute of Physics/Instytut Fizyki1047.

• The University of Gdansk/Uniwersytet Gdański1048 offers a Doctorate degree in Experimental Physics - Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy1049 and in Theoretical Physics - Atomic and Molecular Physics.

1040 PhD Physics field of Technical Nuclear Physics http://www.ftj.agh.edu.pl/en/31.html

1041 International PhD Studies at the Institute of Nuclear Physics http://www.ifj.edu.pl/SD/index.php?lang=en

1042 Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies/Instytut Problemów Jadrowych im. Andrezeja Soltana http://www.ipj.gov.pl/en/main.htm

1043 PhD Studies http://www.ipj.gov.pl/en/main.htm1044 Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics/

Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im. Henryka Niewodniczanskiego http://www.ifj.edu.pl/?lang=en

1045 Institute of Molecular Physics/Instytut Fizyki Molekularnej http://www.ifmpan.poznan.pl/index.php

1046 PhD Graduate Studies http://www.ifmpan.poznan.pl/education/studiumd.php

1047 Institute of Physics/Instytut Fizyki http://www.ifpan.edu.pl/index_en.php

1048 University of Gandsk/ Uniwersytet Gdański http://www.ug.gda.pl/en/index.php?lang=en

1049 PhD in Experimental Physics: Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy http://www.ug.edu.pl/en/?id_cat=33&id_art=86&lang=en

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The following courses are available:

• the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science1050 of the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University/Uniwersytet Marii Curie Sklodowskiej offers courses on an Introduction to Nuclear Physics;

• the Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics/ Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im. Henryka Niewodniczanskieg offers several seminars1051 in the nuclear field;

• the University of Gdansk/Uniwersytet Gdański1052 offers some courses within the interdisciplinary studies in Energy Engineering (in its Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering);

• the Cracow University of Technology/Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki1053 offers courses in the Bachelor’s degree in Energy Engineering in its Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering;

• the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Lodz/Politechnika Lodzka offers some courses in its Bachelor’s degree in Energy Engineering; and

• the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Silesian University of Technology/Politechnika Slask offers some courses in the nuclear field in the Power Engineering Specialisation of its degree in Industrial Electrical Engineering.

There is a high level of activity in the nuclear research field and the institutions involved in this include the following:

• the AGH University of Science and Technology/Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanislawa Staszica w Krakowie, particulary the Faculty of Energy and Fuels1054 (Department of Nuclear

1050 Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science http://mfi.umcs.lublin.pl/?lang=en&id=5

1051 Seminars http://www.ifj.edu.pl/sem/?lang=en 1052 University of Gdansk/Uniwersytet Gdański http://www.

ug.gda.pl/en/ 1053 Cracow University of Technology/Politechnika Krakowska

im. Tadeusza Kościuszki http://www.en.pk.edu.pl/ 1054 Faculty of Energy and Fuels http://galaxy.uci.agh.edu.

pl/~wpie/

Energy) and the Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science1055;

• the Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection/Centralne Laboratorium Ochrony Radiologicznej1056;

• the Institute of Atomic Energy POLATOM/Instytut Energii Atomowej POLATOM1057; and

• the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion/Instytut Fizyki Plazmy i Laserowej Mikrosyntezy1058.

The universities involved in the nuclear research field include the following:

• the Jagiellonian University/Univwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie1059 in its Department of Nuclear Physics1060 and Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics1061;

• the Institute of Physics1062 of the Jan Kochanowski University/ Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczego Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach1063;

• the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science1064 of the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University/Uniwersytet Marii Curie Sklodowskiej;

1055 Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science http://www.ftj.agh.edu.pl/en/119.html

1056 Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection/ Centralnego Laboratorium Ochrony Radiologicznej. http://www.clor.waw.pl/

1057 Institute of Atomic Energy POLATOM/ Instytut Energii Atomowej POLATOM http://www.iea.cyf.gov.pl/index_ang.html

1058 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion http://www.ipplm.pl/

1059 Jagiellonian University/Univwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie http://www.uj.edu.pl/index.en.html

1060 Department of Nuclear Physics http://users.uj.edu.pl/~wojciech/ZFJ/index_en.html

1061 Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics http://www.if.uj.edu.pl/index_en.html

1062 Institute of Physics http://www.ujk.edu.pl/ifiz/en/index.php

1063 Jan Kochanowski University/ Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczego Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach http://www.ujk.edu.pl/index_en.php

1064 Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science http://mfi.umcs.lublin.pl/?lang=en&id=5

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• the University of Silesia in Katowice/ Uniwersytet Slaski w Katowicach;

• the Institute of Physics1065 of the University of Szczecin/Uniwersytet Szczeciński1066;

• the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy1067 - particulary the Department of Physics - of the University of Wroclaw/Uniwersytet Wroclawski;

• the Faculty of Physics1068 of the Warsaw University of Technology/Politechnika Warszawska; and

• the University of Warsow/Uniwerstet Warszawski – Heavy Ion Laboratory1069.

1065 Institute of Physics http://www.fiz.univ.szczecin.pl/index.php/en.html

1066 University of Szczecin/Uniwersytet Szczeciński http://www.us.szc.pl/uk/

1067 Faculty of Physics and Astronomy http://international.uni.wroc.pl/en/s3.php

1068 Faculty of Physics http://www.if.pw.edu.pl/www_en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11&Itemid=13

1069 University of Warsow, Heavy Ion Laboratory http://www.slcj.uw.edu.pl/en/0.html

Finally, the Polish Academy of Sciences/Polska Akademia Nauk1070 has done much work in the nuclear research field and several of its institutions have been involved which includes:

• the Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies/Instytut Problemów Jadrowych im. Andrzeja Soltana1071;

• the Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics/Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im. Henry Niewodniczanski1072;

• the Institute of Molecular Physics/Instytut Fizy-ki Molekularnej1073;

• the Institute of Physics/Instytut Fizyki1074 (especially its Division of Radiation Physics and Spectroscopy1075); and

1070 Polish Academy of Sciences/Polska Akademia Nauk http://www.english.pan.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1

1071 Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies/Instytut Problemów Jadrowych im. Andrzeja Soltana http://www.ipj.gov.pl/en/main.htm

Activities http://www.ipj.gov.pl/en/main.htm 1072 Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics/

Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im. Henry Niewodniczanski http://www.ifj.edu.pl/?lang=en

1073 Institute of Molecular Physics/Instytut Fizyki Molekularnej http://www.ifmpan.poznan.pl/index.php

1074 Institute of Physics/Instytut Fizyki http://www.ifpan.edu.pl/index_en.php

1075 Division of Radiation Physics and Spectroscopy http://www.ifpan.edu.pl/index_en.php

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Poland

87

JRC Reference Report

• the Research Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology/Instytut Chemii I Techniki Jadrowej (ICHTJ)1076.

Work in the nuclear field is overseen by the Polish Nuclear Physics Network/Siec Polskiej Fiztki Jadrowej1077 which has been formed by thirteen Polish research and educational institutions1078.

STAKEHOLDERS

The main companies in Poland that are involved in the nuclear industry includes: Ape1079, Chemoremont1080, Elektrobudowa1081, EMAG1082, Energomontaż-Północ SA1083, Energy Management and Conservation Agency1084, Finow Polska1085, Foster Wheeler1086, Introl1087, Modern Technologies & Filtration Sp. Z o o1088, Polon Alfa1089, Polska Grupa Energetyczna (PGE)1090, Savepol Poliuretany1091, TAURON1092, Wroclaw Technology Park1093 and Zec Services1094.

1076 Research Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology/Instytut Chemii I Techniki Jadrowej (ICHTJ) http://www.ichtj.waw.pl/intro/ichtj-animation_3_31.swf

1077 Polish Nuclear Physics Network/Siec Polskiej Fiztki Jadrowej http://www.slcj.uw.edu.pl/pnpn/en/2.html

1078 Institutions participating in the Polish Nuclear Physics Network http://www.slcj.uw.edu.pl/pnpn/en/19.html

1079 Ape http://www.ape.krakow.pl/ 1080 Cheremont http://www.chemoremont.pl/1081 Elektrobudowa http://www.elbudowa.com.pl/main/index.

html1082 EMAG http://www.emag.pl/index.php?l=ang1083 Energomontaż-Północ SA http://www.energomontaz.com.

pl/en/o-firmie/1084 Energy Management and Conservation Agency

http://www.emca.pl/en/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=269

1085 Finow Polska http://www.finow.pl/1086 Foster Wheeler http://www.fwc.com/1087 Introl http://www.introl.pl/index.htm 1088 Modern Technologies & Filtration Sp. Z o o http://www.

mtf.pl/gasification.html1089 Polon Alfa http://www.polon-alfa.pl/ang/index.php1090 Polska Grupa Energetyczna (PGE) http://www.pgesa.pl/

en/Pages/default.aspx 1091 Savepol Poliuretany http://www.savepol.com/company.

html1092 TAURON-Polska Energia http://www.tauron-pe.pl/Pages/

default.aspx1093 Wroclaw Technology Park http://www.technologypark.

pl/?lng=en 1094 Zec Services http://www.zec-service.com.pl/pl/news.html

The international companies that have a presence in Poland include: ABB Group1095, ARUP1096, Asltom1097, Atkins1098, Böhler Edelstahl1099, BT1100, Bureau Veritas Group1101, Camfil Group1102, Clifford Change1103, DLA Piper1104, Gardiner & Theobald1105, Gleeds Worldwide1106, M+W Group1107, Mott MacDonald1108, Outokumpu1109, Parsons Brinckerhoff1110 and Roxtec1111.

Finally the Polish Federation of Engineering Associations1112 and Polish Nuclear Society1113 are interested in the development of nuclear culture.

1095 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/1096 ARUP http://www.arup.com/1097 Asltom http://www.alstom.com/home/1098 Atkins http://www.atkinsglobal.com/ 1099 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 1100 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 1101 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group1102 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/1103 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html 1104 DLA Piper http://www.dlapiper.com/ 1105 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/ 1106 Gleeds Worldwide http://www.gleeds.com/worldwide/

index.cfm? 1107 M+W Group http://www.mwgroup.net/ 1108 Mott MacDonald http://www.mottmac.pl/ 1109 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 1110 Parsons Brinckerhoff http://www.pbworld.com/ 1111 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 1112 Polish Federation of Engineering Associations http://

www.not.org.pl/english/1113 Polish Nuclear Society http://ptn.nuclear.pl/index_

en.php?li=historia_en

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

INDUSTRY IN POLAND

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Poland [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Poland

89

JRC Reference Report

PORTUGAL

Portugal had a plan to build nuclear power plants but it was decided not to proceed with this so that the country does not have a nuclear power programme. However, there is a research reactor at the Technological and Nuclear Institute/Instituto Technológico e Nuclear (ITN).

Despite having no nuclear power plants, Portugal has a wide legislation on nuclear matters, especially in the radiological field, and there are a large number of bodies in different ministries that have responsibilities in this area, the main one being the Ministry for Economic, Innovation and Development Affairs/Ministério da Economia, da Innovaçao e do Desenvolvimento1114. In addition, there is an advisory body on nuclear matters - the Independent Commission for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Security /Comissão Independente para a Protecção Radiológica e Segurança Nuclear.

This is reflected in the higher educational systems where no degrees are offered in the nuclear field. However, some universities offer a variety of courses and several institutions are involved in nuclear research.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Portugal is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). There are no possibilities for studying for a Bachelor’s degree in the nuclear field in Portugal. The only university that offers a Master’s degree is the University of Coimbra/Universidade de Coimbra1115 which is in Physics with a specialisation in Nuclear and Particles Physics1116. The University of Lisbon/Universidade de Lisboa1117 offers a Doctorate in Nuclear Physics1118.

1114 Ministery for Economic, Innovation and Development Affairs/Ministério da Economia, da Innovaçao e do Desenvolvimento http://www.min-economia.pt/

1115 University of Coimbra/Universidade de Coimbra http://www.uc.pt/en

1116 Physics Master with specialisation in Nuclear and Particles Physics http://www.fis.uc.pt/pt/ensino/pl_est.php?pl=plf5_np

1117 University of Lisbon/Universidade de Lisboa http://www.ul.pt/portal/page?_pageid=173,1&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

1118 Physics-Nuclear Physics http://acesso.fc.ul.pt/?page=doutoramentos

This lack of opportunities for degrees in the nuclear field is offset by the wide range of courses available which includes the following: the Porto University/Universidade de Porto1119 offers courses in Nuclear and Particle Physics1120, Radiochemistry1121, Risco Químico, Biológico, Radiológico e Nuclear CBRN1122; the Technical University of Lisbon/Universidade Técnica de Lisboa1123 offers courses in Advanced Experimental Methods in Particle Physics I1124, Advanced Measurements in Radiofrequency1125, Advanced Topics in Nuclear Fusion1126, Advanced Topics in Nuclear Physics I1127, Advanced Topics in Nuclear Physics II1128, Atomic and Molecular Processes in Plasmas1129, Computational Methods in Radiation Technology1130, Design and Simulation of Radiation Detectors1131, Nuclear

1119 Porto University/Universidade de Porto http://sigarra.up.pt/up_uk/web_page.inicial

1120 Nuclear and Particle Physics http://sigarra.up.pt/fcup_uk/DISCIPLINAS_GERAL.FORMVIEW?p_modo=1&p_cad_codigo=42277

1121 Radiochemistry http://sigarra.up.pt/ffup/disciplinas_geral.formview?p_cad_codigo=MI073283&p_ano_lectivo=2009/2010&p_periodo=2S

1122 Risco Químico, Biológico, Radiológico e Nuclear CBRN http://sigarra.up.pt/icbas_uk/DISCIPLINAS_GERAL.FORMVIEW?p_cad_codigo=CA124&p_modo=1

1123 Technical University of Lisbon/Universidade Técnica de Lisboa http://www.utl.pt/index.php?ling=2

1124 Advanced Experimental Methods in Particle Physics I http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052484

1125 Advanced Measurements in Radiofrequency http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052479

1126 Advanced Topics in Nuclear Fusion http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052504

1127 Advanced Topics in Nuclear Physics I http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052059&disciplina=2008052551

1128 Advanced Topics in Nuclear Physics II http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052059&disciplina=2008052552

1129 Atomic and Molecular Processes in Plasmas http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052059&disciplina=2008052514

1130 Computational Methods in Radiation Technology http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052481

1131 Design and Simulation of Radiation Detectors http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052469

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Fusion1132, Nuclear Instrumentation Techniques1133, Nuclear Energy1134, Nuclear Physics1135, Nuclear Physics Methods in Science and Technology1136, Nuclear Reactions1137, Particle Physics1138, Particle Physics Techniques1139, Physics of Laser-Plasma Interactions1140, Plasma Physics and Technology1141, Plasma Technology for Materials Processing1142 and Radiation Physics and Technology1143; the University of Coimbra/Universidade de Coimbra offers a course in Atomic and Molecular Physics1144 and another in Nuclear and Particles Physics1145; and the University of Lisbon/Universidade de Lisboa offers two courses, one in Nuclear Energy1146 and the other in Nuclear and Particles Physics.

1132 Nuclear Fusion http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052477

1133 Nuclear Instrumentation Techniques http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052498

1134 Nuclear Energy http://www.utl.pt/pagina.php?area=456&curso=2008052041&disciplina=2008052143

1135 Nuclear Physics http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052059&disciplina=2008052523

1136 Nuclear Physics Methods in Science and Technology http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052483

1137 Nuclear Reactions http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052059&disciplina=2008052537

1138 Particle Physics http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052473

1139 Particle Physics Techniques http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052500

1140 Physics of Laser-Plasma Interactions http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052472

1141 Plasma Physics and Technology http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052475

1142 Plasma Technology for Materials Processing http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052501

1143 Radiation Physics and Technology http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=254&curso=2008052058&disciplina=2008052474

1144 Atomic and Molecular Physics http://www.fis.uc.pt/df/20092010/df_id_disc.php?formshown=y&id_disc=22&anolect=20092010

1145 Nuclear and Particles Physics http://www.fis.uc.pt/df/20092010/df_id_disc.php?formshown=y&id_disc=30&anolect=20092010

1146 Nuclear Energy http://www.ul.pt/pls/portal/docs/1/250616.PDF

The Technological and Nuclear Institute/Instituto Tecnológico é Nuclear1147 offers special training courses which include: Nuclear Instrumentation; Reactors Operators; Specialised Laboratory Technicians; and Security and Radiological Protection. This is complemented by the Technical University of Lisbon/ Universidade Técnica de Lisboa which offers an Advanced Training Diploma in Radiation Safety1148.

Regarding research in the nuclear field, the main centres are the National Institute of Technological Engineering and Innovation/Instituto Nacional de Engenheria Tecnologia e Inovaçao1149 and the Technological and Nuclear Institute1150. In addition, research is carried out at other institutions which include: the High Technical Institute/Instituto Superior Técnico1151 of the Technical University of Lisbon/Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa (specially the Plasma Physics Center/Centro de Física de Plasmas1152; the Nuclear Fusion Center/Centro de Fusao Nuclear (CFN)1153); and at other universities such as the University of Coimbra/Universidade de Coimbra (Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics/Laboratório de Instrumentaçao e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP)1154), the University of Lisbon/Universidade de Lisboa (specially the Atomic Physics Centre1155 and the Nuclear Physics Centre1156 belonging to the Sciences Faculty Research Centre1157). Regarding the research in the nuclear field, the

1147 Technological and Nuclear Institute/Instituto Tecnológico é Nuclear http://www.itn.pt/uk/uk_main.htm

1148 Advanced Training Diploma. Radiation Safety http://www.utl.pt/paginaescolas.php?area=19&escola=270&curso=2008052155

1149 National Institute of Technological Engineering and Innovation/Instituto Nacional de Engenheria Tecnologia e Inovaçao http://www.ineti.pt/default.aspx

1150 Technological and Nuclear Institute http://www.itn.pt/uk/uk_main.htm . Research http://www.itn.pt/uk/uk_areasid.htm

1151 High Technical Institute/Instituto Superior Técnico http://www.ist.utl.pt/en/

1152 Plasma Physics Center/Centro de Física de Plasmas http://cfp.ist.utl.pt/

1153 Nuclear Fusion Center/Centro de Fusao Nuclear (CFN) http://www.cfn.ist.utl.pt/eng/introd.html

1154 Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics /Laboratório de Instrumentaçao e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP) http://www-lip.fis.uc.pt/index.php?lang=en

1155 Atomic Physics Centre http://cfa.cii.fc.ul.pt/1156 Nuclear Physics Centre http://cfnul.cii.fc.ul.pt/1157 Sciences Faculty Research Centre http://www.fc.ul.pt/

fcul_eng/

91

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National Institute of Technological Engineering and Innovation/Instituto Nacional de Engenheria Tecnologia e Inovaçao1158 and the Technological and Nuclear Institute1159 are involved in it as well as the High Technical Institute/Instituto Superior Técnico1160 of the Technical University of Lisbon/Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa (specially the Plasma Physics Center/Centro de Física de Plasmas1161 and the Nuclear Fusion Center/Centro de Fusao Nuclear (CFN)1162) and other universities such as the University of Coimbra/Universidade de Coimbra (Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics/Laboratório de Instrumentaçao e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP)1163) and the University of Lisbon/Universidade de Lisboa (specially the Atomic Physics Centre1164 and the Nuclear Physics Centre1165 belonging to the Sciences Faculty Research Centre1166.

1158 National Institute of Technological Engineering and Innovation/Instituto Nacional de Engenheria Tecnologia e Inovaçao http://www.ineti.pt/default.aspx

1159 Technological and Nuclear Institute http://www.itn.pt/uk/uk_main.htm . Research http://www.itn.pt/uk/uk_areasid.htm

1160 High Technical Institute/Instituto Superior Técnico http://www.ist.utl.pt/en/

1161 Plasma Physics Center/Centro de Física de Plasmas http://cfp.ist.utl.pt/

1162 Nuclear Fusion Center/Centro de Fusao Nuclear (CFN) http://www.cfn.ist.utl.pt/eng/introd.html

1163 Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics /Laboratório de Instrumentaçao e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP) http://www-lip.fis.uc.pt/index.php?lang=en

1164 Atomic Physics Centre http://cfa.cii.fc.ul.pt/1165 Nuclear Physics Centre http://cfnul.cii.fc.ul.pt/1166 Sciences Faculty Research Centre http://www.fc.ul.pt/

fcul_eng/

STAKEHOLDERS

Due to the non-nuclear policy, there are only a small number of companies that are involved in the nuclear field in Portugal which includes: Arsopi1167, BTL1168 and Efacec1169.

The international companies that have a presence in Portugal includes: ABB Group1170, Asltom1171, Böhler Edelstahl1172, BT1173, Bureau Veritas Group1174, Golder Associates1175, Outokumpu1176, Roxtec1177 and Simmons & Simmons1178.

1167 Arsopi http://www.arsopi.pt/en/1168 BTL http://www.btl.pt/negocio.html1169 Efacec http://www.efacec.pt/PresentationLayer/efacec_

empresa_00.aspx?idioma=1&area=8&local=303&empresa=49

1170 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/1171 Asltom http://www.alstom.com/home/1172 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 1173 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 1174 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group1175 Golder Associates http://www.golder.com/pt/en/

modules.php?name=Pages&sp_id=815 1176 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 1177 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ Hyder Consulting http://

www.hyderconsulting.com/EN/Pages/default.aspx 1178 Simmons & Simmons http://www.simmons-simmons.

com/index.cfm?fuseaction=simmons_simmons_com.main

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Portugal

92

JRC Reference Report

Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

INDUSTRY IN PORTUGAL

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Portugal [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Portugal

93

JRC Reference Report

ROMANIA

There are two nuclear reactors operating in Romania at Cernavoda, both of which are CANDU reactors and together generate about one fifth of the country’s electricity requirements. The original aim was to build 5 plants on the site but three of them were not completed. However, the current Romanian government is now planning to build two further units on the site and the project is well advanced involving a number of international companies.

Romania has a number of official bodies with responsibilities in the nuclear field which includes: the National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control/Comisia Nationala pentru Controlul Activiatilor Nucleare (CNCAN)1179, the Romanian Authority for Nuclear Activities/Regia Autonoma pentru Activitati Nucleare (RAAN)1180, the National Agency for Radioactive Waste/Agentia Nucleara si Pentru Deseuri Radioactive (ANDRAD)1181, and the Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority/Autoritatea Nationala de Realementare in domeniul Energiei (ANRE)1182.

This is reflected in the higher educational opportunities available in the country where specialised degrees are offered in the nuclear field.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Romania is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). The possibilities for a Bachelor’s degree includes: the Polytechnical University of Bucharest/Universitatea Politehnica din Bucuresti offers a degree in Nuclear Power Engineering and Nuclear Technologies1183 and the Ovidius University of Constanza/Universitatea Ovidius Constanta1184 offers a specialisation in

1179 National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control/Comisia Nationala pentru Controlul Activiatilor Nucleare http://www.cncan.ro/en/default.php

1180 Romanian Authority for Nuclear Activities/Regia Autonoma pentru Activitati Nucleare (RAAN) http://www.raan.ro/en/index.html

1181 National Agency for Radioactive Waste/Agentia Nucleara si Pentru Deseuri Radioactive (ANDRAD) http://www.andrad.ro/

1182 Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority/Autoritatea Nationala de Realementare in domeniul Energiei (ANRE) http://www.anre.ro/

1183 Polytechnical University of Bucharest/Universitatea Politehnica din Bucuresti http://www.upb.ro/index.php/en/pub-presentation

1184 Ovidius University of Constanza/Universitatea Ovidius Constanta http://www.univ-ovidius.ro/

Energy Industry within the Energy Engineering degree oriented towards the nuclear field1185.

The possibilities for a Master’s degree includes: the Polytechnic University of Bucharest/Universitatea Politehnica din Bucuresti offers degrees in Radiation Protection and Nuclear Security1186 and Nuclear Engineering; and the University of Bucharest/Universitatea din Bucuresti1187 offers a degree in Physics specialising in Photons, Spectroscopy, Plasma and Laser1188.

The possibilities for a Doctorate degree includes: the Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering1189 offers degrees in the nuclear field1190; the University of Bucharest/Universitatea din Bucuresti offers several options in different nuclear fields such as the Atomic Physics1191, Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particle Physics; and the University Babes-Bolyai Cluj/Universitatea Babe−-Bolyai1192 offers a degree in the nuclear field.

The courses that are offered in the nuclear field include: the Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering offers several Seminars1193; and the University of Bucharest/ Universitatea din Bucuresti offers some courses such as Applied Nuclear Physics, Atomic and Molecular Interactions, Nuclear Interactions, Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particles, Laboratory Atomic and Molecular Interactions, Laboratory Nuclear and Elementary Particle Interactions, Physics of the Atom and of the Molecule and two Specialisation in Nuclear Physics Engineering and in Specialisation in Nuclear and Elementary Interactions seminars.

1185 Energy Engineering Bachelor oriented to the nuclear scope http://www.imim.ro/ro/articol/37

1186 Radioprotection in Nuclear Security http://www.energ.pub.ro/eng/education/index.html

1187 University of Bucharest/Universitatea din Bucuresti http://www.unibuc.ro/en/home

1188 Master in Physics: Specialisation in Fotónica, Spectroscopy, Plasma and Laser http://www.fizica.unibuc.ro/fizica/Studii/Master/Planuri/2008-2009/MasterBolognaFotonica.pdf

1189 Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering http://www.nipne.ro/

1190 Doctoral Thesis http://www.nipne.ro/careers/doctoral/ 1191 Atomic Physics http://www.fizica.unibuc.ro/fizica/Studii/

Doctorat/orar/2009/SDF_FAFNPEAA_ORAR_2009_2010_anul_I_promotia_2009_2012.pdf

1192 University Babes-Bolyai Cluj/Universitatea Babe - Bolyai http://www.ubbcluj.ro/en/

1193 Seminars http://www.nipne.ro/events/seminar/

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

The Romanian National Consortium (RNC) for Training and Education in Nuclear Sciences Platform (TENSP)1194 offers different possibilities in the nuclear training field.

Regarding nuclear research, there are a number of institutions involved which includes: the Institute for Nuclear Research – Pitesti/Sucursala Cercetari Nucleare - Pitesti1195 and the “Horia Hulubei” (IFIN-HH) National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering1196.

In addition, there are two universities working in the nuclear field: the Polytechnic University of Bucharest/Universitatea Politehnica din Bucuresti1197 particularly its Power Engineering Faculty1198 and the University of Bucharest/Universitatea din Bucuresti1199, especially the Center of Research and Development Nuclear Matter

1194 Romanian National Consortium (RNC) for Training and Education in Nuclear Sciences Platform (TENSP) http://tensp.academic.ro/

1195 Institute for Nuclear Research - Pitesti/Sucursala Cercetari Nucleare- Pitesti http://www.nuclear.ro/

1196 “Horia Hulubei” National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH) http://www.nipne.ro/

1197 Polytechnical University of Bucharest/Universitatea Politehnica din Bucuresti http://www.upb.ro/index.php/en/pub-presentation

1198 Power Engineering Faculty http://www.energ.pub.ro/eng/research/index.html

1199 University of Bucharest/Universitatea din Bucuresti http://www.unibuc.ro/en/home

in Extreme Conditions1200 and the Center of Research Photonics, Spectroscopy, Plasma and Laser1201 Research Centre of the Department of Atomic and Nuclear Physics.

The Romanian Nuclear Higher Education Network (RONEN)1202 is a joint initiative of the Romanian Universities, Nuclear Research Institutes, SMEs, NGOs and the Regulatory Body. The foundation members are: IFIN-HH-National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia HULUBEI” – Coordinator; University Politehnica Bucharest (UPB); University of Bucharest – Faculty of Physics; BABES–BOLYAI University Cluj (UBB); UPIT-University of Pitesti, ICN-Institute for Nuclear Research Pitesti; S.C. DOZIMED S.R.L, S.C. ASCENDIA DESIGN S.R.L; AREN-Romanian “NUCLEAR ENERGY” Association; CNCAN-National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control; and BNEN-Represented by SCK•CEN (Belgium). The Romanian Nuclear Energy Association/Asociatia Romana Energia Nucleara (AREN)1203 is involved in the development of nuclear energy in Romania.

1200 Center of Research and Development Nuclear Matter in Extreme Conditions http://brahms.fizica.unibuc.ro/sitecentru/Engleza.php

1201 Center of Research Photonics, Spectroscopy, Plasma and Laser http://www.fizica.unibuc.ro/fotonica/index.html

1202 http://www.ronen.ro/ 1203 Romanian Nuclear Energy Association/Asociatia Romana

Energia Nucleara (AREN) http://www.aren.ro/en_index.htm

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Romania

95

JRC Reference Report

STAKEHOLDERS

The companies involved in the nuclear field in Romania include: Allen & Overy LLP1204, Alstom1205, Amec1206, Analytik Jena Romania1207, ARUP1208, Atkins1209, Böhler Edelstahl1210, Bureau Veritas Group1211, Centru de Inginerie Technologica pentru Obiective Nucleare (CITON)1212, Clifford Change1213, Doosan IMGB1214, Enel1215, Gardiner & Theobald1216,

1204 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410

1205 Asltom http://www.alstom.com/home/1206 Amec http://www.amec.com/1207 Analytik Jena Romania http://www.analytikjenaromania.

ro/ 1208 ARUP http://www.arup.com/1209 Atkins http://www.atkinsglobal.com/ 1210 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 1211 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group1212 Centru de Inginerie Technologica pentru Obiective

Nucleare (CITON) http://www.citon.ro/english_index.html 1213 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html 1214 Doosan IMGB http://www.doosan.com/en/main.do1215 Enel http://www.enel.it/it-IT/1216 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/

Gleeds Worldwide1217, Hyder Consulting1218, Microplasma1219, Mining National Company1220, Nuclearaelectrica S.A.1221, Outokumpu1222, Romag-Prod1223, Roxtec1224, Titan Echipamente Nucleare1225, Uranium National Company S.A.1226, the Center of Engineering and Technology for Nuclear Objectives1227 and Vulcan Vest1228.

1217 Gleeds Worldwide http://www.gleeds.com/worldwide/index.cfm?

1218 Hyder Consulting http://www.hyderconsulting.com/EN/Pages/default.aspx

1219 Microplasma http://www.microplasma.ro/en/contact.htm#

1220 Mining National Company http://www.cnu.ro/en/about.html

1221 Nuclearaelectrica S.A http://www.nuclearelectrica.ro/en1222 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 1223 Romag-Prod http://www.romag.ro/1224 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 1225 Titan Echipamente Nucleare http://www.titan-ten.ro/

index.php?lang=eng 1226 Uranium National Company S.A. http://www.cnu.ro/en/

about.html 1227 Center of Engineering and Technology for Nuclear

Objectives http://www.citon.ro/english_index_siamo.html

1228 Vulcan Vest http://www.vulcanvest.ro/index_en.html

96

JRC Reference Report

Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

INDUSTRY IN ROMANIA

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Romania [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Romania

97

JRC Reference Report

SLOVAKIA

A nuclear power programme was started in Slovakia in the 1950s and currently there are four nuclear reactors operating – two at Bohunice and two at Mochovce. All the units are VVER-440s and together they produce more that half of the country’s energy needs. The two units on the Bohunice site have had their operational lives extended until 2025 (40 years) and there are two older nuclear units on this site that were shut down in 2006 and 2008. Two units Mochovce 1 and 2 were put in operation in 1998 and 2000 and two more units are currently being constructed on the Mochovce site and are planned to be completed in the near future (2013).

The main Slovakian authority is the Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic/Úrad Jadrového Dozoru Slovenskej Republiky1229.

However, the high level of acceptance of nuclear energy in Slovakia is not reflected in the opportunities in the higher educational institutions in the nuclear field.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Slovakia is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). However, no Bachelor’s or Master’s degrees are offered in the nuclear field. At university level the complex specialised nuclear engineering education can be achieved via the Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. There is one possibility for a Doctorate in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (FEI) of the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava/Slovenska Technická Univerzita v Bratislave (STU) which offers a degree in Nuclear Power Engineering1230.

The Nuclear Power Plant Research Institute (VUJE) is the authorised contractor for theoretical and simulator training, and organises other training courses1231 as well as regional and international courses for the IAEA, Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and US Department of Energy.

1229 Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic/Úrad Jadrového Dozoru Slovenskej Republiky http://www.ujd.gov.sk/ujd/web.nsf

1230 Nuclear Power Engineering PhD http://www.fei.stuba.sk/generate_page.php?page_id=2618

1231 Training http://www.vuje.sk/en/index.php?page=our-services/personnel-training

Other institutions that are involved in nuclear research include:

• the Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics1232 of the Comenius University in Bratislava/Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave1233;

• the Institute of Thermal Power Engineering1234 of the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava/Slovenska Technická Univerzita v Bratislave1235; and

• the Institute of Experimental Physics/Ústav experimentálnej Fyziky1236 of the Slovak Academy of Sciences/Slovenská Akadémia Vied1237.

Finally, the Young Generation of the Slovak Nuclear Society/Mladá generácia Slovenskej nukleárnej spoločnosti1238 and the Slovak Nuclear Society/Slovenská nukleárna spoločnosť are highly involved in the preservation of nuclear knowledge and other activities in the nuclear human resources area in Slovakia.

1232 Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics http://www.dnp.fmph.uniba.sk/

1233 Comenius University in Bratislava/Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave http://www.uniba.sk/index.php?id=921

1234 Institute of Thermal Power Engineering http://www.sjf.stuba.sk/generate_page.php?page_id=3944

1235 Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava/Slovenska Technická Univerzita v Bratislave http://www.stuba.sk/new/generate_page.php?page_id=132

1236 Institute of Experimental Physics/Ústav experimentálnej Fyziky http://uef.saske.sk/en/about/

1237 Slovak Academy of Sciences/Slovenská Akadémia Vied http://www.sav.sk/index.php?lang=en&charset=ascii&doc=info

1238 Young Generation of the Slovak Nuclear Society/Mladá generácia Slovenskej nukleárnej spoločnosti http://www.snus.sk/sekcie/yg.htm

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

STAKEHOLDERS

The most important companies involved in the nuclear industry in Slovakia include: Hydrostav1239, Jadrová a Vyrad’ovacia Spolocnost’1240, Slovenské Elektrárne1241, Slovenske Energeticke Strojane1242, Slovenska Nuklearna Spolocnost1243, VÚEZ1244, VÚJE1245 and VUKI1246.

1239 Hydrostav http://www.hds-ba.sk/ 1240 Jadrová a Vyrad’ovacia Spolocnost’ http://www.javys.sk/

sk/index.php 1241 Slovenské Elektrárne (actually is par of the ENEL group)

http://www.seas.sk/company/ 1242 Slovenske Energeticke Strojane http://www.ses.sk/

en/?start 1243 Slovenska Nuklearna Spolocnost http://www.snus.sk/ 1244 VÚEZ http://www.vuez.sk/index.cfm?NewLanguageID=en 1245 VUJE http://www.vuje.sk1246 VUKI http://www.vuki.sk/en

The international companies that have a presence in Slovakia include: Allen & Overy LLP1247, Areva-NP Control, Amec1248, ABB Group, Atomstroyexport, Böhler Edelstahl, Bureau Veritas Group, Camfil Farr1249, DLA Piper1250, Gardiner & Theobald1251, Gleeds Worldwide1252, M.C. Triton spol.1253, Outokumpu1254 and Roxtec1255.

1247 Allen & Overy LLP http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410

1248 AMEC Nuclear Slovakia http://www.amec.com/1249 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/1250 DLA Piper http://www.dlapiper.com/ 1251 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/ 1252 Gleeds Worldwide http://www.gleeds.com/worldwide/

index.cfm? 1253 M.C. Triton spol s.r.o. http://www.mc-triton.cz/index.

php?lang=en1254 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 1255 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Slovakia

99

JRC Reference Report

INDUSTRY IN SLOVAKIA

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Slovakia [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Slovakia

100

JRC Reference Report

Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

SLOVENIA

Slovenia has one nuclear reactor, the PWR at Krško1256, which went into full commercial operation in 1983. The plant is shared between Slovenia and Croatia with each of them owing half of the plant and getting half of the electrical power that it produces. The output from the plant provides about half of Slovenia’s energy requirements and discussions are ongoing about extending its operating life beyond 2023.

In 2006, a resolution was adopted by the Slovenian Parliament on the National Energy Programme and this included the possibility of a second unit being built on the Krško site. This energy policy also has the objective of increasing the opportunities available for education at the higher level on topics related to nuclear power.

The Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration (SNSA)/Uprava Republike Slovenije za jedrsko varnost1257 is the national regulatory body for nuclear facilities. The Slovenian Radiation Protection Administration (SRPA)/Uprava Republike Slovenije za varstvo pred sevanji1258 is responsible for all aspects of radiation protection including the use of radiation sources in medicine and the harmful effects of ionising radiation on humans. The Agency for Radwaste Management/Agencija za radioaktivne odpadke (ARAO)1259 is responsible for the management (and storage) of low and intermediate level radioactive waste.

Despite having a long standing nuclear power programme, there are few opportunities in the nuclear field at the higher educational level.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Slovenia is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). There are no possibilities for studying for a Bachelor’s degree in the nuclear field in Slovenia. At the Master’s degree level, there are two possibilities at the University

1256 Nuklearna Elektrarna Krško http://www.nek.si/en/ 1257 Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration http://www.

ursjv.gov.si/en/ 1258 Slovenian Radiation Protection Administration/Uprava

Republike Slovenije za varstvo pred sevanji http://www.uvps.gov.si/en /

1259 Agency for Radwaste Management/Agencija za radioaktivne odpadke (ARAO) http://www.arao.si/

of Maribor/Univerza v Mariboru1260 which has a programme in the area of nuclear energy1261 in the Faculty of Energy and the Faculty of Civil Engineering offers a Nuclear Power Engineering postgraduate programme1262.

At the Doctorate level, the University of Ljubljana/Univerza v Ljubljani1263 offers a degree in Mathematics and Physics with a specialisation in the nuclear field, the Nuclear Physics Module1264.

The University of Ljubljana offers several courses which include: Experimental Methods of Particle and Nuclear Physics1265, Mechanics of Nuclear Structures and Materials, Modelling in Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics, Nuclear Technology and Nuclear Energy, Particle Physics and Physics of the Nucleus, Radiation and Reactor Physics, Selected Chapters of Nuclear Engineering, and Selected Chapters of Nuclear and Reactor Physics.

In 2009, the Technical High School in Krško introduced a course on the basics of nuclear engineering for mechanical and electrical engineers1266.

The most important research institutions are the University of Ljubljana1267 and the Institute Josef Stefan/Institu Jožef Stefan1268 (IJS), which operates a TRIGA Mark II research reactor with Hot Cells.

Among the centres and support services at the Research Centre is the Nuclear Training Centre1269, which organises training courses for future Krško nuclear power plant operators.

1260 University of Maribor/Univerza v Mariboru http://www.uni-mb.si/

1261 http://www.fe.uni-mb.si/si/studijski-programi.html 1262 http://www.fg.uni-mb.si/dokument.aspx?id=1112 1263 University of Ljubljana/Univerza v Ljubljani http://www.

uni-lj.si/en/ 1264 Doctoral Programme in Mathematics and Physics: Nuclear

Physics Module http://www.fmf.uni-lj.si/storage/14082/zbornik%20-%20DR%20studij%20mat.%20in%20fiz.%20_2009_%20-%20ANG.pdf

1265 Experimental Methods of Particle and Nuclear Physics http://www.fmf.uni-lj.si/storage/14477/Ucni%20nacrti%20FIZ-30-9-08-ang.pdf

1266 http://www.sc-krsko.si/default.aspx 1267 Research http://www.fmf.uni-lj.si/en/research/physics/1268 Institut Josef Stefan/Institu Jozef Stefan http://www.ijs.si/

ijsw/JSI1269 http://www.icjt.org/an/what/tecaji/tecaji.htm

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Finally, the Nuclear Society of Slovenia/Drustvo Jedrskih Strolovnakov Slovenije1270 is highly involved in the dissemination of knowledge in the nuclear field.

1270 Nuclear Society of Slovenia/Drustvo Jedrskih Strolovnakov Slovenije http://www.djs.si/indexen.html

STAKEHOLDERS

The companies involved in the nuclear industry in Slovenia include: GEN Energija1271, Elektro Hrovat Saso SP, Nuklearna Elektrarna Krško1272 and Nukel1273.

The international companies that have a presence in Slovenia include: ABB Group1274, Areva1275, Böhler Edelstahl1276, Bureau Veritas Group1277, Outokumpu1278 and Roxtec1279.

1271 GEN Energija http://www.gen-energija.si/index.php?lang=eng

1272 Nuklearna Elektrarna Krško http://www.nek.si/en/ 1273 Nukel http://www.nukel.si/ 1274 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/1275 Areva http://www.areva.com/1276 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 1277 Bureau Veritas http://www.bureauveritas.de 1278 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 1279 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Slovenia

102

JRC Reference Report

Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

INDUSTRY IN SLOVENIA

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Slovenia [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Slovenia

103

JRC Reference Report

SPAIN

The first Spanish commercial nuclear power plant began operating in 1968. Currently, there are eight reactors consisting of six PWRs and 2 BWRs operating on six sites as follows: Santa Maria de Garona and Cofrentes each have one BWR; Almarez and Asco each have 2 PWRs; and Vandellos and Trillo each have one PWR; and together they generate about one fifth of Spain’s electricity requirements. The gas cooled reactor on the Vandellos site was closed down in 1990 and the PWR on the Jose Cabrera was closed down in 2006. The 2 PWRs on the Lemoniz site and the 2 BWRs on the Valdecaballeros site were not completed. Spain also has a nuclear fuel manufacturing facility and radioactive waste disposal facilities.

Despite the importance of nuclear power, a moratorium was enacted in 1983 and since then no new nuclear power plants have been built and the decommissioning process for the older ones was started.

The responsibility for nuclear power is with the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Commerce1280 and the regulation of energy systems is with the National Energy Commision/Comisón Nacional de Energía1281. In the nuclear field, the regulatory body is the Nuclear Safety Council/Consejo Seguridad Nuclear (CSN)1282 which has the responsibility for ensuring the safe operation of nuclear and radioactive facilities and the National Enterprise for Radioactive Waste/Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radioactivos (ENRESA)1283 which has the responsibility for the decommissioning of nuclear plants and the management of radioactive waste.

Despite the long standing nuclear power programme in Spain there are relatively few opportunities available at the higher educational level in the nuclear field.

EDUCATION

Higher education in Spain is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees

1280 Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Commerce http://www.mityc.es/en-US/Paginas/index.aspx

1281 National Energy Commision/Comisón Nacional de Energía http://www.eng.cne.es/cne/Home

1282 Nuclear Safety Council/Consejo Seguridad Nuclear http://www.csn.es/index.phpoption=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=346?&lang=en

1283 National Enterprise for Radioactive Waste (ENRESA) http://www.enresa.es/

(as required by the Bologna Process). Currently, there is no higher level educational institution that offers a Bachelor’s degree in the nuclear field. There are a number of institutions that offer a Master’s degree which includes:

• the Independent University of Madrid/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid1284 in collaboration with the Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology/Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medio Ambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)1285 offers a degree in Nuclear Engineering and Applications1286;

• the Carlos III University of Madrid/Universidad Carlos III de Madrid1287, Complutense University of Madrid/Universidad Complutense de Madrid1288 and the Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid1289 are partners in the European Master’s degree in Nuclear Fusion Science and Engineering Physics1290 (Erasmus Mundus)1291;

• the Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid offers a degree in Nuclear Science and Technology1292 and, in collaboration with Tecnatom, a degree

1284 Independent University of Madrid/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid http://www.uam.es/ss/Satellite/en/home

1285 Energetic, Environmental and Technologic Research Center/Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medio Ambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) http://www.ciemat.es/

1286 Master in Nuclear Engineering and Applications http://www.uam.es/ss/Satellite/en/1234886367446/1234886604194/master/masterPropio/Master_en_ingenieria_nuclear_y_aplicaciones.htm

(MINA) http://www.ciemat.es/portal.do?TR=A&IDR=1&identificador=4080

1287 Carlos III University of Madrid/Universidad Carlos III de Madrid http://www.uc3m.es/portal/page/portal/home

1288 Complutense University of Madrid/Universidad Complutense de Madrid http://www.ucm.es/centros/webs/en/

1289 Polytechnical University of Madrid http://www.upm.es/portal/site/internacional/

1290 European Master in Nuclear Fusion Science and Engineering Physics (Erasmus Mundus) http://www.em-master-fusion.org/index.asp

1291 Regarding the Máster de Erasmus Mundus, there is a consortium of Spanish educational institutions participating: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid y Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.

1292 Master in Nuclear Science and Technology http://www.din.upm.es/webeng/?q=node/79

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Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

in Technologies of Electrical Energy Generation with a Specialisation Course in Technologies of Nuclear Generation1293;

• the University of Huelva /Universidad de Huelva1294 offers a degree in Nuclear Technology and Instrumentation1295; and

• the Polytechnic University of Catalonia/Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña1296 offers a degree in Synchroton Radiation and Particle Accelerators1297 and an Inter-universitary Master’s degree in Energy Engineering with a Nuclear Specialisation1298.

Regarding Doctorate degrees, there are a number of possibilities which includes:

• the Carlos III University of Madrid/Universidad Carlos III de Madrid offers a PhD in Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion1299;

• the Polytechnical University of Catalunya/Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña1300 of-fers a PhD in Nuclear and Ionising Radiations Engineering1301;

• the University of Castilla La Mancha/Universidad de Castilla La Mancha1302 offers a PhD in Lasers and Advanced Spectroscopy in Chemistry1303; and

1293 Master in Technologies of Electrical Energy Generation with Specialisation Course in Technologies of Nuclear generation http://www.tecnatom.es/master/index.html

1294 Huelva University/Universidad de Huelva http://www.uhu.es/english/index.htm

1295 Master in Nuclear Technology and Instrumentation http://www.uhu.es/master/tin/english.php

1296 Polytechnical University of Catalonia/Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña http://www.upc.edu/eng

1297 Master in Synchroton Radiation and Particle Accelerators http://www.upc.edu/master/fitxa_master.php?id_estudi=16&id_titulacio=80&lang=ing

1298 Interuniversitary Master in Energy Engineering with a Nuclear Specialisation http://energia.masters.upc.edu/?set_language=es

1299 PhD in Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion http://www.uc3m.es/portal/page/portal/postgrado_mast_doct/doctorados/plasma_physics_nuclear_fusion

1300 Polytechnical University of Catalunya/Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña http://www.upc.edu/eng

1301 PhD Nuclear and Ionising Radiations Engineering http://doctorat.upc.edu/estudis/programa.php?idprog=189&id=3

1302 University of Castilla La Mancha http://www.uclm.es/english/

1303 Lasers and Advanced Spectroscopy in Chemistry PhD http://www.uclm.es/estudiantes/estudios.asp

• the Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid offers a PhD in Science and Nuclear Technology and a PhD in the Fusion Nuclear Institute1304.

There are a large number of courses offered in the nuclear field which includes the following: the Basque Country University/Universidad del País Vasco1305 has several courses within this field such as Fundamentals of Nuclear Engineering1306, Nuclear Engineering1307, Nuclear and Particle Physics1308, Nuclear Power Stations1309, Radiological Protection1310 and Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety1311; the Complutense University of Madrid/Universidad Complutense de Madrid offers two courses - Atomic and Molecular Physics1312 and Nuclear and Particles Physics1313; the University of Granada/Universidad de Granada1314 offers courses in Nuclear Structure, Nuclear and Particles Physics1315, Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Technology and Plasma Physics; the National Open University/Universidad Nacional de

1304 Fusion Nuclear Institute http://www.denim.upm.es/ 1305 Basque Country University/Universidad del País Vasco

http://www.ehu.es/p200-home/en 1306 Fundamentals of Nuclear Engineering http://www.ikasleak.ehu.es/p202-shgradct/es/

contenidos/titulacion/act_16146inind202_345_2_5/en_16146/en_fileasig_16146.html

1307 Nuclear Engineering http://www.ikasleak.ehu.es/p202-shgradct/es/contenidos/titulacion/act_12010itmre201_364_1_2/en_12010/en_fileasig_12010.html

1308 Nuclear and Particle Physics http://www.ikasleak.ehu.es/p202-shgradct/es/contenidos/titulacion/act_17390fisic202_310_2_4/en_17390/en_fileasig_17390.html

1309 Nuclear Power Stations http://www.ikasleak.ehu.es/p202-shgradct/es/contenidos/titulacion/act_16135inind202_345_2_5/en_16135/en_fileasig_16135.html

1310 Radiological Protection http://www.ikasleak.ehu.es/p202-shgradct/es/contenidos/titulacion/act_12014itmre201_364_1_3/en_12014/en_fileasig_12014.html

1311 Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety http://www.ikasleak.ehu.es/p202-shgradct/es/

contenidos/titulacion/act_16160inind202_345_2_5/en_16160/en_fileasig_16160.html

1312 Atomic and Molecular Physics http://www.gae.ucm.es/fisatom/docencia/fam0405/welcome.html

1313 Nuclear and Particles Physics http://www.gae.ucm.es/fisatom/docencia/nucypart/welcome.html

1314 Granada University/Universidad de Granada http://www.ugr.es/pages/index

1315 Nuclear and Particles Physics http://www.ugr.es/pages/estudios/titulaciones/fisica

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Educación a Distancia1316 offers courses in Nuclear Instruments1317, Nuclear Physics I1318, Nuclear Physics II1319 and Nuclear Technology1320.

In addition: the Polytechnic University of Catalunya/Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña offers courses in Nuclear Engineering Fundaments1321, Nuclear Fusion1322 and Nuclear Engineering Intensive (specialisation)1323 (at the School of Engineering of Barcelona/Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingienería Industrial de Barcelona1324); the Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid offers courses in Nuclear Physics1325 and Nuclear Technology1326; the University of Alcalá/Universidad de Alcalá1327 offers course on Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics; and finally the University of Cantabria/Universidad de Cantabria1328 has three courses in the nuclear field - Atomic and Nuclear Physics1329, Environmental Radioactivity1330

1316 National Open University/Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia http://portal.uned.es/portal/page?_pageid=93,1&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

1317 Nuclear Instruments http://www.uned.es/ets-inge/pdfs/105359.pdf

1318 Nuclear Physics I http://www.uned.es/ets-inge/pdfs/104375.pdf

1319 Nuclear Physics II http://www.uned.es/ets-inge/pdfs/105363.pdf

1320 Nuclear Technology http://www.uned.es/ets-inge/pdfs/105378.pdf

1321 Nuclear Engineering Fundaments http://www-fen.upc.es/wsen/docencia/etseib/fen/assignatura.htm

1322 Nuclear Fusion http://www.upc.edu/bupc/hemeroteca/2009/b116/14-07-09.pdf

1323 Nuclear Engineering Intensive (specialisation) http://www-sen.upc.es/Docencia/EngNuclear/index.htm

1324 School of Engineering of Barcelona/Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingienería Industrial de Barcelona

http://www-etseib.upc.es/international/index.php?lang=en

1325 Nuclear Physics http://www.minas.upm.es/departamentos/dfarn/varade/PRONUCLEAR.pdf

1326 Nuclear Technology http://www.etsin.upm.es/portal/site/ETSINavales/menuitem.a177709364095dd4910d7acd907c46a8/?vgnextoid=70e043ae41b01210VgnVCM10000009c7648aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e3fea2d102d0c110VgnVCM10000009c7648aRCRD

1327 University of Alcalá/Universidad de Alcalá http://www.uah.es/ http://www.uah.es/idiomas/ingles/#

1328 University of Cantabria/Universidad de Cantabria http://www.unican.es/en

1329 Atomic and Nuclear Physics http://www.unican.es/Departamentos/fmoderna/Docencia/detalle_planes_asignatura.asp?id=4422

1330 Environmental Radioactivity http://www.unican.es/Departamentos/fmoderna/Docencia/detalle_planes_asignatura.asp?id=5675

and Nuclear and Particles Physics1331.

Training for the nuclear industry is provided by Tecnatom1332 at the Training Centres in the Madrid headquarters and at the plants in a number of fields which includes: processing technology, operation and maintenance, materials, non destructive testing, human factors and management skills1333. Tecnatom is owned by the Spanish utilities Endesa, Iberdrola and Gas Natural Fenosa and has over 500 trainees per year from the 6 Spanish nuclear power plants and from abroad. The Nuclear Forum/Foro Nuclear1334 in its Training Department1335 provides training on nuclear issues for teachers and professionals of the media.

There are a large number of institutions and universities involved in research in the nuclear field. Research activities are carried out at the following universities:

• the Basque Country University/Universidad del País Vasco1336 in its Ingeniería Nuclear y Mecánica de Fluidos Department;

• the Carlos III University of Madrid/Universidad Carlos III de Madrid by the Plasma Physics1337 group;

• the Complutense University of Madrid in its Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics Department1338;

1331 Nuclear and Particles Physics http://www.unican.es/Departamentos/fmoderna/personal/detalle_planes_asignatura.asp?id=4421

1332 Tecnatom http://www.tecnatom.es/en/home 1333 Training Centre (fields: processing technology; operation

and maintenance; materials, non destructive testing; human factors; management skills) http://www.tecnatom.es/en/home/activity-areas/training-operation-and-safety http://caat.tecnatom.es/catalogo/index.html

1334 Nuclear Forum/Foro Nuclear http://www.foronuclear.org/en/index.jsp

1335 Training http://www.foronuclear.org/en/formacion.jsp1336 Basque Country University/Universidad del País Vasco

http://www.relaciones-internacionales.ehu.es/p274-homeen/en/

1337 Plasma Physics http://www.uc3m.es/portal/page/portal/investigacion/nuestros_investigadores/grupos_investigacion/grupo_fisica_plasmas

1338 Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics Dept. http://www.gae.ucm.es/fisatom/Index.html

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• the Fusion by magnetic confinement research1339 of the Energetic, Environmental and Technologic Research Cenre/Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medio Ambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT);

• the Granada University/Universidad de Granada1340 in its Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics Department1341;

• the National Open University/Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia1342 specially in the Nuclear Engineering Area1343;

• the Nuclear Physics and Engineering Department1344 of the Polytechnic University of Catalunya/Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña;

• the Fusion Nuclear Institute1345 and the Nuclear Engineering Department1346 of the Polytechnical University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid;

• the Polytechnic University of Valencia1347 and its Energy Engineering Institute1348, Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM)1349 and Chemistry and Nuclear Engineering Department1350;

1339 Fusion by magnetic confinement research http://www.ciemat.es/portal.do?IDM=11&NM=2

1340 Granada University/Universidad de Granada http://www.ugr.es/pages/index

1341 Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics Dept. https://www.ugr.es/~famn/web/

1342 National Open University/Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia http://portal.uned.es/portal/page?_pageid=93,1&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

1343 Nuclear Engineering Area http://portal.uned.es/portal/page?_pageid=93,1090106&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

1344 Nuclear Physics and Engineering Dept. http://www-fen.upc.es/wfen/research/cjtoresearch.htm

1345 Fusion Nuclear Institute http://www.denim.upm.es/ 1346 Nuclear Engineering Department http://www.din.upm.es/

webeng/ 1347 Polytechnical University of Valencia http://www.upv.es/

entidades/DIQN/index-en.html# 1348 Energetic Engineering Institute http://www.iie.upv.es/

m6ingles.htm1349 Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental

Safety (ISIRYM) http://www.upv.es/isirym/index_e.html1350 Chemistry and Nuclear Engineering Dept. http://www.upv.

es/entidades/DIQN/index-en.html#

• the Physics Department1351 of the University of Alcalá/Universidad de Alcalá;

• the Nuclear and High Energy Physics Laboratory1352 of the University of Zaragoza/Universidad de Zaragoza1353; and

• the Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Department1354 of the University of Cantabria/Universidad de Cantabria;

and nuclear research is carried out at a number of institutions including the following:

• the Nuclear Safety Council/Consejo de Seguridad Nacional 1355 (Research1356);

• the Components Techonology Center of Cantabria/Centro Tecnológico de Componentes Cantabria1357;

• the Energy, Environmental and Technology Research Center/Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas1358 (Areas of Activity1359);

• the Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies of Materials/Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados de Materiales (IMDEA)1360;

1351 Physics Dept. http://www2.uah.es/fisica/1352 Nuclear and High Energy Physics Laboratory http://www.

unizar.es/lfnae/lfnae_eng.html1353 University of Zaragoza/ Universidad de Zaragoza http://

wzar.unizar.es/servicios/ingles/prese.htm1354 Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Dept. http://

www.unican.es/Departamentos/macc/ (ex. http://personales.unican.es/corcuerp/idi/sgi.htm)

1355 Nuclear Safety Council http://www.csn.es/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=346?&lang=en

1356 Research http://www.csn.es/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12836&Itemid=374&lang=en

1357 Components Techonology Center of Cantabria/Centro Tecnológico de Componentes Cantabria

http://www.ctcomponentes.es/ http://gruposodercan.es/ci-english/ampliar.php?Id_contenido=5113

1358 Energy, Environmental and Technology Research Center/Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas http://www.ciemat.es/portal.do

1359 Areas of Activity http://www.ciemat.es/portal.do?IDM=72&NM=1

1360 Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies of Materials/Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados de Materiales (IMDEA) http://www.materials.imdea.org/HomeMaterials/tabid/2431/Default.aspx

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• the Physics Center Miguel A. Catalán1361 (and its Fundamentals Physics Institute1362 and Institute of the Structure of the Matter1363) which belong to the Spanish National Research Council/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas1364; and

• the Technological Platform of Nuclear Energy of Fission/Plataforma Tecnológica de Energía Nuclear de Fisión (CEIDEN)1365 (Programas1366).

In nuclear research, institutions and companies are involved, such as the National Enterprise for Radioactive Waste/Empresa Nacional de Residos Radiológicos (ENRESA)1367 and the National Uranium Enterprise/Empresa Nacional de Uranio (ENUSA)1368.

1361 Physics Center Miguel A. Catalán http://www.cfmac.csic.es/ingles/principa_en.htm

1362 Fundamentals Physics Institute http://www.imaff.csic.es/1363 Institute of the Structure of the Matter http://www.ugr.es/

pages/estudios/titulaciones/fisica 1364 Spanish National Research Council/Consejo Superior de

Investigaciones Científicas http://www.csic.es/index.do?lengua=en

1365 Plataforma Tecnológica de Energía Nuclear de Fisión (CEIDEN) http://www.ceiden.com/Default.aspx

1366 Programas http://www.ceiden.com/ProgramasCeiden.aspx

1367 ENRESA www.enresa.es 1368 National Uranium Enterprise (ENUSA) http://www.enusa.

es/eng/index.html http://www.enusa.es/eng/i+d/i+d.html

Several associations are working to improve education in the nuclear field including: the Nuclear Forum1369; Sociedad Nuclear Española1370; Plataforma Tecnológica de Energía Nuclear de Fisión (CEIDEN)1371; the Spanish Society for Nuclear Medicine/Sociedad Española De Medicina Nuclear1372; and Asociación Española de la Industria Eléctrica (UNESA)1373 which had been established as a negotiation forum between all the participants in the nuclear activities.

STAKEHOLDERS

There is a large number of companies involved in the nuclear business in Spain which includes: ABB Group1374, Acciona Infraestructuras1375, Acpro1376, ADEMI1377, Agilent Technologies1378, Alfa Laval

1369 Nuclear Forum http://www.foronuclear.org/en/index.jsp 1370 Sociedad Nuclear Española http://www.sne.es/sne/ 1371 Plataforma Tecnológica de Energía Nuclear de Fisión

(CEIDEN) http://www.ceiden.com/Default.aspx 1372 Sociedad Española De Medicina Nuclear http://www.

semn.es/index.php 1373 UNESA http://www.unesa.es/ 1374 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/ http://www.abb.es/ 1375 Acciona Infraestructuras http://www.acciona-

infraestructuras.com/1376 Acpro http://www.acpro.es/ 1377 ADEMI http://www.ademi.com/ 1378 Agilent Technologies http://www.agilent.com/chem/es

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Spain

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Iberica1379, Allen & Overy1380, Alstom1381, Amec1382, Amphos XXI1383, Análisis DSC1384, Applus1385, Areva NP1386, ARUP1387, Ashurst1388, Assystem1389, Barnes Group1390, Böhler Edelstahl1391, Boslan Ingenieria y Consultoría1392, Bureau Veritas, Camfil Farr1393, Captura Electronica1394, Cegelec1395, Centro de Dosimetría1396, Cespa Conten1397, Chauvin Arnoux Iberica1398, Chemtrol Proyectos y Sistemas (CHEPRO)1399, Cimat1400, Clifford Change1401, Club Español de la Energía (ENERCLUB)1402, Cluster de Energía del País Vasco1403, CMG Consultores1404, COAPSA Control1405, Compañía Internacional de Protección, Ingienería y Tecnología1406, Construcciones Roentgen Ibéricas (CRISA)1407,

1379 Alfa Laval Iberica http://www.alfaval.com/ 1380 Allen & Overy http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/Home/

AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410 1381 Alstom http://www.alstom.com/home/ 1382 Amec http://www.amec.com/ 1383 Amphos XXI http://www.amphos21.com/eng_index.php 1384 Análisis DSC http://www.analisis-dsc.com/ 1385 Applus http://www.applus.com/ 1386 Areva NP (filial) http://www.areva-np.com/scripts/info/

publigen/content/templates/INDEX.asp 1387 ARUP http://www.arup.com/ 1388 Ashurst http://www.ashurst.com/home.aspx?id_

Content=2 1389 Assystem http://www.assystem.com/en/index.html 1390 Barnes Group http://www.barnesgroupinc.com/ 1391 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 1392 Boslan Ingienería http://www.boslan.es/ 1393 Camfil Farr http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/1394 Captura Electronica http://www.captura-el.com/1395 Cegelec http://www.cegelec.es1396 Centro de Dosimetría http://www.dosimetria.com/esp/

index_en.html1397 Cespa Conten http://www.cespa.es/ 1398 Chauvin Arnoux Iberica http://www.chauvin-arnoux.com/1399 Chepro http://www.chepro.com/default.aspx?lan=en 1400 Cimat http://www.cimat.es/1401 Clifford Change http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.

html 1402 Club Español de la Energía (ENERCLUB) http://www.

enerclub.es/es/enerclubHome.do?action=viewCategory&idCategoryToShow=10000

1403 Cluster de Energía del País Vasco http://www.clusterenergia.com/indexeng.asp

1404 CMG Consultores http://www.cmgconsultores.com/1405 COAPSA Control http://www.coapsa.com/undercons.htm 1406 Compañía Internacional de Protección, Ingienería y

Tecnología 1407 Construcciones Roentgen Ibéricas (CRISA) http://www.

crisa-rx.com/

Construcciones Técnicas de Radioterapia1408, Control y Montajes Industriales (CYMI)1409, Copcisa1410, Copisa Industrial1411, Cyril Swett1412, Davis Langdom1413, Deloitte Spain1414, Endesa1415, Enusa Industrias Avanzadas1416, Enwesa Operaciones1417, Euro Plom1418, Equipos Nucleares (ENSA)1419, Felguera Montajes y Mantenimiento1420, Filtros Ceta1421, Fluor Coporation1422, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer1423, Gamesa, Gardiner & Theobald1424, Garlock Sealing Technologies1425, Gas Natural-Unión Fenosa1426, GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy International1427, Geocisa1428, Gleeds Worldwide1429, Global Energy Service Siemsa1430, Golder Associates1431, Grupo Dominguis1432,

1408 Construcciones Técnicas de Radioterapia http://www.ct-rad.com/

1409 Control y Montajes Industriales (CYMI) http://cymimasa.com/

1410 Copcisa http://www.copcisa.com/1411 Copisa Industrial http://www.copisa.es/1412 Cyril Swett http://www.cyrilsweett.com/home 1413 Davis Langdom http://www.davislangdon.com/Global/ 1414 Deloitte Spain http://www.deloitte.com/view/es_ES/es/

index.htm1415 Endesa http://www.endesa.es/Portal/en/default.htm 1416 Enusa Industrias Avanzadas http://www.enusa.es/eng/

index.html 1417 Enwesa Operaciones http://www.enwesa.com/indexI.

html1418 Euro Plom http://www.mifer.com/ 1419 Equipos Nucleares http://www.ensa.es/ 1420 Felguera Montajes y Mantenimiento http://www.

durofelguera.com/ 1421 Filtros Ceta http://www.filtrosceta.com/ 1422 Fluor Coporation http://www.fluor.com/spain/Pages/

default.aspx 1423 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer http://www.freshfields.

com/ 1424 Gardiner & Theobald http://www.gardiner.com/ 1425 Garlock Sealing Technologie shttp://www.garlock.

eu.com/ 1426 Gas Natural-Unión Fenosa http://portal.gasnatural.

com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=common/Controlador&gnpage=3-10-0&centralassetname=3-10-BloqueHTML-Home&centralassettype=BloqueHTML

1427 GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy International (filial) http://www.hitachi-hgne.co.jp/en/

1428 Geocisa http://www.geocisa.com/1429 Gleeds Worldwide http://www.gleeds.com/worldwide/

index.cfm? 1430 Global Energy Service Siemsa S.A. (filial) http://www.

services-ges.es/1431 Golder Associates http://www.golder.com/es/en/

modules.php?name=Pages&sp_id=881 1432 Grupo Dominguis http://www.grupodominguis.com/#

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Hammonds1433, Hidroeléctrica del Cantábrico1434, Iberdrola1435, Iberdrola Ingienería y Construcción1436, Iberinsa1437, Inabensa1438, Inasmet Tecnalia1439, Indra1440, Industrias Leblan1441, Ingienería y Diseño Europeo1442, Initec Nuclear1443, Ingeniería IDOM Internacional1444, Inypsa, Informes y Proyectos1445, Laínsa Logistics Industrial Conditioning1446, Leading Enterprises1447, Medidas Ambientales1448, Moncasa (Moncobra)1449, Obeki Electric Machines1450, Osborne Clarke International1451, Outokumpu1452, Parsons Brinckerhoff1453, Pôyry Energy/Heymo Ingeniería1454, Ringo Válvulas1455, Roxtec1456, Sener Ingenieria

1433 Hammonds http://www.hammonds.com/ http://www.hammonds.com/dm/new_to_nuclear/

1434 Hidroeléctrica del Cantábrico http://www.hcenergia.com/en/portal.do

1435 Iberdrola http://www.iberdrola.es/webibd/corporativa/iberdrola?IDPAG=ESWEBINICIO

1436 Iberdrola Ingienería y Construcción http://www.iberdrolaingenieria.com

1437 Iberinsa http://www.iberinsa.es/img_home/noflash.html 1438 Inabensa http://www.inabensa.com/index.

php?codIdioma=2 1439 Inasmet Tecnalia http://www.inasmet.es/home.

aspx?tabId=1 1440 Indra http://www.indra.es/servlet/

ContentServer?pagename=IndraES/Page/EstructHomeIndra&Language=en_GB

1441 Industrias Leblan http://www.leblan.com/leblan.php 1442 Ingienería y Diseño Europeo SA http://www.idesa.net/ 1443 Initec Nuclear S.A.U. http://www.initec.es/1444 Ingeniería IDOM Internacional SA http://www.idom.

es/?id_sec=&language=I&value1 1445 Inypsa, Informes y Proyectos http://www.inypsa.es/ 1446 Laínsa Logistics Industrial Conditioning http://www.

lainsa.com/eng/index.php 1447 Leading Enterprises http://www.leadingenterprises.es/

eng/main.html 1448 Medidas Ambientales http://www.m Roxtec

edidasambientales.com/ 1449 Moncasa (Moncobra) http://www.grupocobra.com1450 Obeki Electric Machines http://www.obeki.com/index_

en.asp 1451 Osborne Clarke International http://www.osborneclarke.

com/ 1452 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 1453 Parsons Brinckerhoff http://www.pbworld.com/ 1454 Pôyry Energy/Heymo Ingeniería http://www.poyry.com/

http://www.heymo.com/en/default1.htm 1455 Ringo Válvulas http://www.ringospain.com/ingles/index.

php1456 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/

y Sistemas1457, Simmons & Simmons1458, Socoin Ingenieria y Construcción Industrial1459, Suministros y Planificación Industriales1460, Tamoín1461, Tecnatom1462, Tecnicas Reunidas1463, URS1464, Vector & Wellheads Engineering SL1465, Westinghouse Electric Spain1466 and Westinghouse Technology Services1467.

1457 Sener Ingenieria y Sistemas SA http://www.sener.es/?swlang=en

1458 Simmons & Simmons http://www.simmons-simmons.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=simmons_simmons_com.main

1459 Socoin Ingenieria y Construcción Industrial http://www.socoin.es/index.jsp

1460 Suministros y Planificación Industriales http://www.spisa-rail2000.com/

1461 Tamoín is a Spanish company with presence in Germany, Poland, Portugal and Spain http://www.tamoin.com/

1462 Tecnatom http://www.tecnatom.es/ 1463 Tecnicas Reunidas http://www.tecnicasreunidas.es/

english/index.asp 1464 URS http://www.urscorp.eu/ 1465 Vector & Wellheads Engineering SL http://www.

vectorvalves.com/english/index.php 1466 Westinghouse Electric Spain http://www.

westinghousenuclear.com/Our_Company/Driving%20Directions/Spain.shtm

1467 Westinghouse Technology Services http://www.westinghousenuclear.com

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INDUSTRY IN SPAIN

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Spain [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Spain

111

JRC Reference Report

SWEDEN

A nuclear power programme was started in Sweden in 1965 and currently there are 10 nuclear reactors operating on three sites as follows: Ringhals has 4 units (3 PWRs and 1 BWR), Forsmark has 3 units (3 BWRs) and Oskarshamn has 3 units (3 BWRs). Together, they provide close to half of the country’s electricity needs. In addition two of the older units on the Barsebäck site have been closed down.

In 1980, the Swedish government held a referendum and it was decided that no further nuclear power plants would be built and that a nuclear power phase-out would be completed by 2010. Following the closure of Barsebäck 1 and 2, the other 10 units were given a reprieve beyond 2010 allowing them to run up to about 40 years.

In February 2009, the Swedish government announced plans to overturn the 30 year old ban on building new nuclear power plants as part of a new plan to increase energy supplies and security and to combat global warming.

The regulatory body is the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority/Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten (SSM)1468 which has responsibilities for radiation protection and nuclear safety. In 1947, the government established an atomic energy research organisation, AB Atomic Energy/AB Atomenergi which has now become Studsvik AB.

The long standing nuclear power programme in Sweden is reflected in the opportunities available at the higher educational level in the nuclear field.

EDUCATION

In 2007, the higher educational system in Sweden was changed to meet the Bologna Process and, since then, it has been divided into three levels: basic level (grundnivå), advanced level (avancerad nivå) and graduate level (forskarnivå) (which are equivalent to Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degree levels respectively).

No Swedish institutions offer a Bachelor’s degree in the nuclear field. However, Master’s degrees are offered as follows: the Chalmers University1469 offers a degree in Nuclear Engineering1470 and

1468 Swedish Radiation Safety Authority/Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten http://www.ski.se/In-English/About-the-Swedish-Radiation-Safety-Authority1/

1469 Chalmers http://www.chalmers.se/en/1470 Master in Nuclear Engineering http://www.chalmers.se/

en/sections/education/masterprogrammes/programme-descriptions/nuclear-engineering

the KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Universitet1471 offers a degree in Nuclear Energy Engineering1472.

The KTH Royal Institute of Technology has a Doctorate programme managed by the Department of Nuclear Reactor Physics1473 and the Uppsala University/Uppsala Universitet1474 offers a Doctorate degree in Nuclear and Particle Physics1475. It also manages SELECT1476 which offers a Master’s degree in Energy and Nuclear Engineering1477.

There are a number of courses available in the nuclear field which includes: the Lund University/Lunds Universitet1478 offers courses on Atomic and Molecular Physics1479, Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy1480, Nuclear Physics1481 and Theoretical Nuclear Physics1482; and the University of Stockholm /Stockholms Universitet1483 which offers courses on Atomic Physics, Nuclear Physics, Quantum Phenomenology and Radiation Physics, Radiation Dosimetry, Radiation Detectors and Measuring Methods and Radiation Protection and Environmental Radiology.

1471 KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Sveriges Största Tekniska Universitet http://www.kth.se/?l=en_UK

1472 Master in Nuclear Energy Engineering http://www.kth.se/studies/master/programmes/physics/2.7400?l=en_UK

1473 Department of Nuclear Reactor Physics http://reactor.physics.kth.se/study

1474 Uppsala University/Uppsala Universitet http://www.uu.se/

1475 PhD Students at Nuclear and Particle Physics http://www.isv.uu.se/graduate/index.en.php

1476 Erasmus Mundus SELECT http://www.kth.se/studies/master/em/select?l=en_UK in co-operation with Helsinki University of Technology TKK (FIN), Politecnico di Torino Polito (IT), Eindhoven University of Technology TU/e (NL) and UPC Barcelona Tech (E)

1477 Master Degree in Energy and Nuclear Engineering http://international.polito.it/it/supporto_economico/borse_di_studio_internazionali/elenco_generale_dei_progetti/erasmus_mundus_select

1478 Lund University/Lunds Universitet http://www.lu.se/lund-university

1479 Atomic and Molecular Physics http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=11574&lukas_id=FYSB04

1480 Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=11574&lukas_id=FYST14

1481 Nuclear Physics http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=11574&lukas_id=FYSB03

1482 Theoretical Nuclear Physics http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=11574&lukas_id=FYST11

1483 Stockholm University/Stockhoms Universitet http://www.su.se/english/

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Training in the nuclear field is provided by Nuclear Safety and Training/Kärnkraftsäkerhet och Utbildning (KSU)1484.

There are a number of institutions involved in nuclear research which includes the following:

• the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department1485, the Fundamental Physics Department1486 and the Nuclear Engineering Department1487 of the Chalmers University;

• the Department of Nuclear and Reactor Physics1488 and the Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology1489 of the KTH Royal Institute of Technology;

1484 KSU http://www.ksu.se/ 1485 Chemical and Biological Engineering Dept. http://www.

chalmers.se/chem/EN/ 1486 Fundamental Physics http://www.chalmers.se/fp/EN1487 Nuclear Engineering Department http://www.nephy.

chalmers.se/1488 Department of Nuclear and Reactor Physics http://reactor.

physics.kth.se/research1489 Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology http://www.kth.

se/sci/centra/skc?l=en_UK http://www.kth.se/sci/centra/skc/research?l=en_UK

• the MAX-lab (National Electron Accelerator Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Nuclear Physics and Accelerator Physics)1490 of the Lund University/Lunds Universitet;

• the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority/Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten1491; and

• the University of Uppsala /Uppsala Universitet in Division of Nuclear and Particle Physics1492 carries out research in Nuclear and Hadron Physics Research1493.

1490 MAX-lab (National Electron Accelerator Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Nuclear Physics and Accelerator Physics) http://www.maxlab.lu.se/

1491 Research http://www.ski.se/In-English/About-the-Swedish-Radiation-Safety-Authority1/Research/

1492 Division of Nuclear and Particle Physics http://www.isv.uu.se/index.en.html

1493 Nuclear and Hadron Physics Research http://www.isv.uu.se/nuclear.en.html

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in Sweden

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STAKEHOLDERS

There are a large number of companies that are involved in the nuclear industry in Sweden which includes: ABB Group1494, AF Consult1495, Ashurst1496, Atkins1497, Alstom1498, BAE Systems Submarines Solutions1499, BGB Power Solutions AB1500, Böhler Edelstahl1501, BT1502, Bureau Veritas Group1503, Bruker AXS1504, CA Mörck1505, Camfil Farr1506, Elajo Mekanik1507, Ekström & Son (Pressure Vessel Expeert)1508, Electron Crosslinking AB1509, Fagerström Industrikonsult AB1510, Gammadata Instrument1511, Golder Associates1512, IBA

1494 ABB is a Swedish company with presence in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK http://www.abb.com/

1495 AF Consult http://www.afconsult.com/en 1496 Ashurst http://www.ashurst.com/home.aspx?id_

Content=2 1497 Atkins http://www.atkinsglobal.com/ 1498 Alstom http://www.alstom.com/home/1499 BAE Systems Submarines Solutions http://www.

baesystems.com/Businesses/SubmarineSolutions/index.htm

1500 BGB Power Solutions AB http://www.powersolutions.se/ 1501 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 1502 BT http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do 1503 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/

wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group1504 Bruker AXS http://www.bruker-axs.de/home0.html 1505 CA Mörck http://www.ca-morck.se/ 1506 Camfil Farr is a Swedish company with presence in

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden and the UK http://www.camfilfarr.com/cou_camfil/

1507 Elajo Mekanik http://www.elajo.se/1508 Ekström & Son (Pressure Vessel Expeert) http://www.

ekstrom-son.se/default.asp?sprak=sv&huvudmeny=foretaget&sida=2

1509 Electron Crosslinking AB http://www.crosslinking.com/ 1510 Fagerström Industrikonsult AB http://www.fagerstrom.

se/?s=start&lang=eng 1511 Gammadata Instrument http://www.

gammadatainstrument.se/ 1512 Golder Associates http://www.golder.se/sv/modules.

php?name=Pages&sp_id=903

Dosimetry1513, Outokumpu1514, Roxtec1515, Pöyry1516, Studsvik1517, Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB)1518, Unfors Instruments AB1519, Vattenfall1520 and Westinghouse1521.

1513 IBA Dosimetry http://www.iba-dosimetry.com/ 1514 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 1515 Roxtec is a Swedish company with presence in Austria,

Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom. http://www.roxtec.com/

1516 Pöyry http://www.poyry.com/1517 Studsvik http://www.studsvik.com/1518 Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB) http://www.skb.

se/default____24417.aspx 1519 Unfors Instruments AB http://www.unfors.com/ 1520 Vattenfall http://www.vattenfall.com/en/index.htm1521 Westinghouse Electric Sweden http://www.

westinghousenuclear.com/Businesses/Nuclear_Fuel/sweden.shtm

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INDUSTRY IN SWEDEN

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Sweden [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in Sweden

115

JRC Reference Report

UNITED KINGDOM

The first commercial nuclear power plant in the UK came into service in 1956. Currently there are 19 nuclear reactors made up of 2 Magnox reactors, 16 Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGRs) and 1 Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR), operating on 9 different sites as follows: Oldbury and Wylfa each have 2 Magnox reactors; Dungeness, Hinkley Point, Hunterston, Hartlepool and Torness each have 2 AGRs; Heysham has 4 AGRs; and Sizewell has one PWR. Together they generate about one fifth of the country’s electricity requirements. The older steel-vesseled Magnox reactors at Calder Hall, Chapelcross, Berkeley, Bradwell, Hunterston, Hinkley Point, Trawsfynydd, Dungeness and Sizewell have all been closed down as have the two fast reactors at Dounreay.

In addition, the government recently gave the go-ahead for a new generation of nuclear power plants to be built and in November 2009 ten nuclear sites were identified that could accommodate future nuclear power plants. The regulatory authority is carrying out a Generic Design Review of a number of new nuclear reactor designs that might be introduced into the UK. However, the position in the Scottish Parliament is that new nuclear power plants will not be built in Scotland.

The regulatory body in the UK is the Office of Nuclear Regulation (ONR)1522,1523 which has the responsibility for safety and security for all operating nuclear facilities. The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA)1524 has the responsibility for the decommissioning and cleanup of the existing civil nuclear sites and the storage of radioactive waste. The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority1525 carries out research and development on behalf of the nuclear industry. In addition, Cogent1526 is the Sector Skills Council (SSC) for the nuclear industry.

Due to the great importance of nuclear power in the UK, the higher educational institutions offer a wide range of possibilities in the nuclear field.

1522 Health Safety Executive http://www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/index.htm

1523 Health and Safety in the Nuclear Industry http://www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/index.htm

1524 Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) http://www.nda.gov.uk/

1525 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority http://www.ukaea.org.uk/

1526 Cogent SSC http://www.cogent-ssc.com/index.php

EDUCATION

Higher education in the UK is divided into three stages: Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate degrees (as required by the Bologna Process). At the Bachelor’s degree level, the possibilities include:

• Imperial College London1527 offers a BSc in Mechanical with Nuclear Engineering1528;

• the University of Leeds1529 offers a BSc in Chemical and Nuclear Engineering1530;

• the University of Liverpool1531 offers a BSc in Physics with Nuclear Science1532; and

• the University of Lancaster1533 offers a BSc in Nuclear Engineering1534.

At the Master’s degree level, the possibilities include:

• the University of Birmingham1535 offers a MSc in the Physics and Technology of Nuclear Reactors1536;

• the University of Leeds1537 offers a MSc in Chemical and Nuclear Engineering1538;

• the University of Liverpool1539 offers a MSc in Nuclear Science and Technology1540;

1527 Imperial College London http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/1528 Mechanical with Nuclear Engineering http://www3.

imperial.ac.uk/ugprospectus/whatcanyoustudy/#M 1529 University of Leeds http://www.leeds.ac.uk/ 1530 Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Beng http://www.

engineering.leeds.ac.uk/ug/courses/MEBE-CEN_EN.shtml 1531 University of Liverpool http://www.liv.ac.uk/ 1532 Physics with Nuclear Science BSc http://www.liv.ac.uk/

study/undergraduate/courses/F390.htm 1533 Lancaster University http://www.lancs.ac.uk/ 1534 Nuclear Engineering MEng Hons http://www.lancs.ac.uk/

coursesearch/course.php?course_id=009890&entry_session_id=000110

1535 University of Birmingham http://www.bham.ac.uk/ 1536 Physics and Technology of Nuclear Reactors Msc http://www.postgraduate.bham.ac.uk/programmes/

taught/physics/physics-technology-nuclear-reactors.shtml

1537 University of Leeds http://www.leeds.ac.uk/ 1538 Chemical and Nuclear Engineering MEng http://www.

engineering.leeds.ac.uk/ug/courses/MEBE-CEN_EN.shtml 1539 University of Liverpool http://www.liv.ac.uk/ 1540 Nuclear Science and Technology MSc http://www.liv.

ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught_courses/nuclear_science_technology.htm

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• the University of Sheffield1541 offers MSc degrees in Nuclear Environmental Science and Technology1542 and Nuclear Science and Technology1543;

• the City University London1544 offers a MSc in Nuclear Medicine1545; and

• the Nuclear Technology Education Consortium1546 offers a MSc in Nuclear Science & Technology (distance learning)1547 in which there are courses in: Criticality Safety Management; Decommissioning/Waste/Environmental Management; Decommissioning Technology & Robotics; Management of the Decommissioning Process; Nuclear Fuel Cycle; Nuclear Safety Case Development; Processing, Storage and Disposal of Nuclear Wastes; Radiation & Radiological Protection; Reactor Physics, Criticality & Design; and Reactor Thermal Hydraulics.

The University of Cambridge1548 will run a new Master’s degree in Nuclear Energy starting in the autumn of 2011.

Regarding Doctorate degrees, there are a number of possibilities which include:

• the University of Liverpool offers a PhD in Nuclear Physics1549;

1541 University of Sheffield http://www.sheffield.ac.uk/1542 Nuclear Environmental Science and Technology http://

www.shef.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/courses/engineering/material/waste.html

1543 Nuclear Science and Technology http://www.shef.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/courses/engineering/material/nuclear.html

1544 City University London http://www.city.ac.uk/ 1545 Msc Nuclear Medicine http://www.city.ac.uk/study/

courses/communityhealth/nuclear-medicine-technology-msc.html

1546 The Nuclear Technology Education Consortium (NTEC) is a network of several United Kingdom universities and research centres: the University of Birmingham, the University of Central Lancashire, the University of Lancaster, the University of Leeds, the University of Liverpool, the University of Manchester and the University of Sheffield, the University of City University (London), the Defence Academy - College of Management and Technology, the Imperial College London and UHI Millennium Institute. http://www.ntec.ac.uk/prog_summary.htm

1547 Master in Nuclear Science & Technology -distance learning http://www.ntec.ac.uk/distance.htm

1548 University of Cambridge http://www.cam.ac.uk/ 1549 PhD Studentships in Nuclear Physics http://www.liv.

ac.uk/physics/research/PGResearch/PGR_Nuclear.html

• the University of Manchester1550 offers a PhD in Nuclear Engineering1551; and

• the University of Sheffield offers a PhD in Nuclear Engineering1552.

There are a wide range of courses available which include the following:

• the Defence Academy of the UK1553 offers several courses in its Nuclear Department1554 which includes: Nuclear Reactor Engineering, Radiation Protection, Nuclear Safety Management, Safety Case Development, Radiation Emergency Planning and Response, Nuclear Fuel Cycle -NTCE Program- and Nuclear Safety Case Development -NTCE Program;

• Imperial College London offers courses in: Water Reactor Performance and Safety -NTCE Program;

• the University of Lancaster1555 offers courses in Decommissioning Technology & Robotic -NTCE Program-, Design of Safety Critical Systems -NTCE Program- and Environmental Decision Making Applied to Decommissioning -NTCE Program-;

• the University of Birmingham offers courses in: Management of the Decommissioning Process -NTCE Program-, Reactor Physics, Criticality & Design -NTCE Program- and the Seminars1556 of the Nuclear Physics Group1557;

• the University of Leeds1558 offers a course in Particle & Colloid Engineering in the Nuclear Industry -NTCE Program;

1550 University of Manchester http://www.manchester.ac.uk/ 1551 Nuclear Engineering PhD http://www.mace.manchester.

ac.uk/postgraduate/research/choosing/by_degree/phd/nuclear/index.html

1552 Nuclear Engineering PhD http://www.shef.ac.uk/nuclear-engineering-idc/index.html

1553 Defence Academy of the U.K. http://defac.ac.uk/ 1554 Nuclear Department http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/

operations-and-support/establishments/training-establishments/hms-sultan/nuclear-department/

1555 Lancaster University http://www.lancs.ac.uk/ 1556 Seminars http://www.np.ph.bham.ac.uk/seminars.htm 1557 Nuclear Physics Group http://www.np.ph.bham.ac.uk/

research/npt.htm 1558 University of Leeds http://www.leeds.ac.uk/

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• the University of Liverpool1559 offers courses in Environmental Impact Assessment, Radiation Shielding and Reactor Materials & Lifetime Behaviour -all within the NTCE Program-, and a Nuclear Engineering Module1560;

• the University of Manchester (Experimental Reactor Physics -NTCE Program-, Policy, Regulation & Licensing -NTCE Program-) specially in the Dalton Nuclear Institute1561 (Courses topics1562), the School of Chemistry (Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry), the School of Physics1563 (Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Applied Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Fusion and Astrophysical Plasmas, Physics Applied to Medicine and Biology, Nuclear Structure, Nuclear Reactions and Research Master classes -nuclear topics-).

• the University of Lancaster1564 offers courses in Nuclear Safety Environment and Nuclear Engineering Systems1565;

• the University of Sheffield1566 offers courses in Processing, Storage & Disposal of Nuclear Waste -NTCE Program-;

• the City University London offers courses in Risk Management -NTCE Program-, Post Graduate Certificate Nuclear Medicine Technology1567 and Post Graduate Diploma Nuclear Medicine Technology1568; and

1559 University of Liverpool http://www.liv.ac.uk/ 1560 Nuclear Engineering Module http://tulip.liv.ac.uk/portal/

pls/portal/tulwwwmerge.mergepage?p_template=m_eg&p_tulipproc=moddets&p_params=%3Fp_module_id%3D30723

1561 Dalton Nuclear Institute http://www.dalton.manchester.ac.uk/

1562 Courses topics http://www.dalton.manchester.ac.uk/postgraduate/research/courses/index.html

1563 School of Physics http://www.physics.manchester.ac.uk/ 1564 University of Lancaster http://www.lancs.ac.uk/1565 Nuclear Safety Environment and Nuclear Engineering

Systems http://www.engineering.lancs.ac.uk/postgraduate/courses.asp?ID=36

1566 University of Sheffield http://www.sheffield.ac.uk/ 1567 Post Graduate Certificate Nuclear Medicine Technology http://www.city.ac.uk/study/courses/communityhealth/

nuclear-medicine-technology-msc.html 1568 Post Graduate Diploma Nuclear Medicine Technology http://www.city.ac.uk/study/courses/communityhealth/

nuclear-medicine-technology-msc.html

• the Westlakes Scientific Consulting1569 offers three courses within the NTCE Program on: Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste, Environmental Impact Assessment and The Governance of Decommissioning and Radioactive Waste.

The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority1570 has a number of training courses1571 which includes: Peer Review1572, Successful Nuclear Safety Case Production1573 and Radiological HAZAN Production Course1574.

In the nuclear research field the following institutions are involved: Imperial College London1575 and its Department of Physics1576 (see High Energy Physics1577 and Plasma Physics1578), its Department of Mechanical Engineering1579(see Nuclear Engineering1580) and its Energy Futures Lab1581; the University of Lancaster1582 specially the Engineering Department1583 (see Nuclear Energy1584); the Nuclear Institute1585; the University

1569 Westlakes Scientific Consulting http://www.westlakes.org/

1570 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority http://www.ukaea.org.uk/

1571 Training Courses http://www.ukaea.co.uk/services/training_courses/index.asp

1572 Peer Review Course http://www.ukaea.co.uk/services/training_courses/index.asp

1573 Successful Nuclear Safety Case Production http://www.ukaea.co.uk/services/training_courses/

successful_nuclear_safety_case_production/index.asp 1574 Radiological HAZAN Production Course http://www.ukaea.co.uk/services/training_courses/

successful_nuclear_safety_case_production/Radiol2227.htm

1575 Imperial College London http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/1576 Department of Physics http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/

physics/research 1577 High Energy Physics http://www.imperial.ac.uk/research/

hep/ 1578 Plasma Physics http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/

plasmaphysics 1579 Department of Mechanical Engineering http://www3.

imperial.ac.uk/mechanicalengineering 1580 Nuclear Engineering http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/

menuclearengineering 1581 Energy Futures Lab http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/

energyfutureslab 1582 Lancaster University http://www.lancs.ac.uk/ 1583 Engineering Department http://www.engineering.lancs.

ac.uk/research/1584 Nuclear Energy http://www.engineering.lancs.ac.uk/

research/energy.asp 1585 Nuclear Institute http://www.nuclearinst.com/ibis/

Nuclear%20Institute/Home

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of Birmingham specially its Nuclear Physics Group1586; the University of Liverpool1587 and its Department of Physics1588 (see Nuclear Physics Group1589); the University of Manchester1590 particularly the Dalton Nuclear Institute1591 (Nuclear Group1592) and the Westlakes Scientific Consulting1593.

The most important associations involved in the nuclear education are the National Skills Academy1594 and the Nuclear Industry Association1595.

STAKEHOLDERS

There are a large number of companies that are involved in the nuclear industry in the UK which

1586 Nuclear Physics Group http://www.np.ph.bham.ac.uk/research/npt.htm

1587 University of Liverpool http://www.liv.ac.uk/ 1588 Department of Physics http://www.liv.ac.uk/physics/

index.html 1589 Nuclear Physics Group http://www.liv.ac.uk/physics/

research/nuclear_physics.html 1590 University of Manchester http://www.manchester.ac.uk/ 1591 Dalton Nuclear Institute http://www.dalton.manchester.

ac.uk/ 1592 Nuclear Group http://www.mace.manchester.ac.uk/

research/groups/nuclear/ http://www.nuclear.manchester.ac.uk/

1593 Westlakes Scientific Consulting http://www.westlakes.org/

1594 National Skills Academy http://www.nuclear.nsacademy.co.uk/

1595 Nuclear Industry Association http://www.niauk.org/component/option,com_niavidfront/Itemid,313/

includes: ABB Group1596, Abbot Risk Consulting1597, Addleshaw Goddard LLP1598, Aish Technologies1599, Aker Solutions1600, Allen & Overy LLP1601, Alstom1602, Altran Praxis1603, Amec1604, Arcadis1605, ARUP1606, ASD Metal Services1607, Ashurst1608, Association

1596 ABB Group http://www.abb.com/1597 Abbot Risk Consulting http://www.consultarc.com/

content/home.asp 1598 Addleshaw Goddard LLP http://www.addleshawgoddard.

com/ 1599 Aish Technologies http://www.aishtechnologies.com/

home/index.html 1600 Aker Solutions is a UK company with presence in Cyprus,

Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands and United Kingdom http://www.akersolutions.com/internet/default.htm

1601 Allen & Overy LLP is a UK company with presence in Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.allenovery.com/AOWeb/Home/AllenOveryHome.aspx?prefLangID=410

1602 Alstom http://www.alstom.com/home/1603 Altran Praxis http://www.altran-praxis.com/1604 Amec is a UK company with presence in Czech Republic,

German, Italy, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.amec.com/aboutus.htm

1605 Arcadis http://www.arcadis-uk.com/ 1606 ARUP is a UK company with presence in Denmark,

Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.arup.com/

1607 ASD Metal Services http://www.asdmetalservices.co.uk/ 1608 Ashurst is a UK company with presence in Belgium,

France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom: http://www.ashurst.com/home.aspx?id_Content=2

Number of Nuclear Degrees available in the UK

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of Electricity Praducers1609, Assystem1610, ATB1611, ATG1612, Atkins1613, AWE1614, Babcock & Wilcox1615, BAE Systems Submarines Solutions1616, Balfour Beatty1617, Bam Nuttall1618, Barhale Construction 1619, Battelle1620, Bechtel Power Corporation1621, Biwater Treatment1622, BMT Isis1623, Boulting Group1624, Böhler Edelstahl1625, Bracchium1626, Bradtec Decon Technologies1627, BRC Reinforcement1628, British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL)1629, British Energy1630, Brown and Mason1631, BT1632, Bureau Veritas Group1633, Burges Salmon1634, C&D Group1635, Calder1636,

1609 Association of Electricity Praducers http://www.aepuk.com/

1610 Assystem http://www.assystem.com/en/index.html 1611 ATB http://www.laurence-scott.com/ 1612 ATG http://www.atg.uk.com/ 1613 Atkins is a UK company with presence in Denmark,

Germany, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden and United Kingdom http://www.atkinsglobal.com/

1614 AWE http://www.awe.co.uk/ 1615 Babcock & Wilcox www.babcock.com 1616 BAE Systems Submarines Solutions http://www.

baesystems.com/Businesses/SubmarineSolutions/index.htm

1617 Balfour Beatty http://www.balfourbeatty.com/1618 Bam Nuttall http://www.bamnuttall.co.uk/1619 Barhale Construction plc http://www.barhale.co.uk/ 1620 Battelle http://www.battelle.org/ 1621 Bechtel Power Corporation http://www.bechtel.com/ 1622 Biwater Treatment http://www.biwater.co.uk/ 1623 BMT Isis http://www.bmt-isis.com/1624 Boulting Group http://www.boulting.co.uk/1625 Böhler Edelstahl http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/ 1626 Bracchium http://www.bracchium.net/1627 Bradtec Decon Technologies http://www.bradtec.com/ 1628 BRC Reinforcement http://www.brc.ltd.uk/ 1629 British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL) http://www.bnfl.com/ 1630 British Energy www.british-energy.co.uk 1631 Brown and Mason http://www.brownandmason.com/ 1632 BT is a British company with subsidiaries in Austria,

Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, German, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom http://www.globalservices.bt.com/HomeAction.do

1633 Bureau Veritas Group http://www.bureauveritas.com/wps/wcm/connect/bv_com/Group

1634 Burges Salmon http://www.burges-salmon.co.uk/1635 C&D Group http://www.candgroup.co.uk/1636 Calder http://www.caldergroup.eu/

Cammell Laird1637, Cara Group1638, Carillion1639, Carpenter & Paterson1640, Caski1641, Centrica1642, Centronic1643, CH2M HILL1644, Clifford Change1645, Clyde1646, CMP Products1647, CMS Cameron McKenna1648, Controlled Group1649, Converteam1650, Corporate Risks Associates1651, Corus Consulting1652, Costain1653, Culham Centre Fusion Energy1654, Curtins Consulting1655, Cyril Swett1656, Daher1657, Darchem Engineering (Esterline)1658, Davis Langdom1659, Day & Zimmermann1660, Deloitte1661, Del Fungo Giera Energia1662, Denton Wilde Sapte1663, DBD

1637 Cammell Laird http://www.clbh.co.uk/1638 Cara Group http://www.caragroup.co.uk/1639 Carillion http://www.carillionplc.com/1640 Carpenter & Paterson http://www.cp-ltd.co.uk/1641 Caski http://www.caski.com/1642 Centrica http://www.centrica.co.uk/1643 Centronic http://www.centronic.co.uk/1644 CH2M HILL http://www.ch2m.com/corporate/1645 Clifford Change is a UK company with subsidiaries in

Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.cliffordchance.com/home.html

1646 Clyde is a UK company with presence in France, Greece and United Kingdom http://www.clydeco.com/

1647 CMP Products http://www.cmp-products.co.uk/#1648 CMS Cameron McKenna http://www.law-now.com/law-

now/1649 Controlled Group http://www.controlledgroup.com/1650 Converteam http://www.converteam.com/1651 Corporate Risks Associates http://www.c-risk-a.co.uk/ 1652 Corus Consulting http://www.corusservices.com/en/

company/businesses/engineering_services/1653 Costain http://www.costain.com/1654 Culham Centre Fusion Energy http://www.fusion-industry.

org.uk/ 1655 Curtins Consulting http://www.curtins.com/ 1656 Cyril Swett is a UK company with subsidiaries in France,

Spain and United Kingdom http://www.cyrilsweett.com/home

1657 Daher http://www.daher.co.uk/1658 Darchem Engineering (Esterline) http://www.esterline.

com/engineeredmaterials/DarchemEngineering/Products/CompanyOverview/tabid/2011/Default.aspx

1659 Davis Langdom is a UK company with presence in Germany, Ireland, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.davislangdon.com/Global/

1660 Day & Zimmermann http://www.dayzim.com/ 1661 Deloitte http://www.deloitte.com/uk/eiu1662 Del Fungo Giera Energia http://www.

delfungogieraenergia.com/en/home/ 1663 Denton wilde Sapte http://www.dentonwildesapte.com/

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Nuclear1664, DLA Piper1665, Dundas & Wilson1666, Eadon Consulting1667, Eatec1668, EDS1669, Eimco Water Techonologies1670, Energy Solutions1671, Energy Enertec Consultancy1672, Engineering UK1673, ESR Technology1674, Eversheds LLP1675, Fenwick Elliott1676, Field Fisher Waterhouse1677, Fine Tubes1678, Finmeccanica UK1679, Fluor Corporation1680, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer1681, Future Executive Search1682, Gardiner & Theobald1683, Gen II1684, Gleeds Worldwide1685, Golder Associates1686, Goodwin PLC1687, Gravatom1688, Halcrow Nuclear1689,

1664 DBD Nuclear http://www.dbdnuclear.com/1665 DLA Piper http://www.dlapiper.com/1666 Dundas & Wilson http://www.dundas-wilson.com/1667 Eadon Consulting http://www.eadonconsulting.co.uk/1668 Eatec http://www.eatec.co.uk/ 1669 EDS http://www.theedsgroup.com/1670 Eimco Water Techonologies http://www.glv.com/1671 Energy Solutions http://www.energysolutions.org.uk/ 1672 Energy Enertec Consultancy http://www.enertecenergy.

com/1673 Engineering UK http://www.engineeringuk.com/1674 ESR Technology http://www.esrtechnology.com/1675 Eversheds LLP http://www.eversheds.com/1676 Fenwick Elliott http://www.fenwickelliott.co.uk/ 1677 Field Fisher Waterhouse is a UK company with subsidiary

in Belgium, France, German and United kingdom http://www.ffw.com/

1678 Fine Tubes http://www.finetubes.co.uk/ 1679 Finmeccanica UK http://www.finmeccanica.co.uk/ 1680 Fluor Corporation http://www.fluor.com/uk/Pages/

default.aspx 1681 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer is a UK company with

presence in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.freshfields.com/

1682 Future Executive Search http://www.futureexecsearch.co.uk/

1683 Gardiner & Theobald is a UK company with presence in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic and United Kigdom http://www.gardiner.com/

1684 Gen II http://www.gen2training.co.uk/1685 Gleeds Worldwide is a UK company with presence in Czech

Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.gleeds.com/worldwide/index.cfm?

1686 Golder Associates http://www.golder.co.uk/en/modules.php?name=Pages&sp_id=1082

1687 Goodwin PLC http://www.goodwingroup.com/ 1688 Gravatom http://www.gravatom.com/ 1689 Halcrow Nuclear http://www.halcrow.com/

Hammonds1690, Hima-Sella1691, Herbert Smith1692, Hilti1693, Hyder Consulting1694, Hydrock1695, IJS Consultant1696, Interserve1697, J Murphy and Sons1698, Jordan Nuclear1699, Keltbray1700, Kier Construction1701, KorteQ1702, Lab Impex Systems1703, Laing O’Rourke1704, Landauer1705, LSC Group1706, M+W Group1707, Mace1708, Magnox (Magnox North1709 and Magnox South1710)1711, Marick Communications1712, Mech-Tool1713, Metal Improvement Company1714, Metaltek1715, Morgan Lewis1716, MWH1717, MMI Engineering1718, Morgan Sindall Group1719, Morson Projects1720, Mott

1690 Hammonds is a UK company with presence Belgium, Germany, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.hammonds.com/

1691 Hima-Sella http://www.hima-sella.co.uk/ 1692 Herbert Smith is a UK company with presence in Belgium,

Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.herbertsmith.com/

1693 Hilti http://www.hilti.co.uk/holuk/ 1694 Hyder Consulting is a UK company with presence in

Austria, Ireland, Hungary and United Kingdom http://www.hyderconsulting.com/EN/Pages/default.aspx

1695 Hydrock http://www.hydrock.com/ 1696 IJS Consultant http://www.ijsc.co.uk/ 1697 Interserve http://www.interserve.com/ 1698 J Murphy and Sons http://www.murphygroup.co.uk/ 1699 Jordan Nuclear http://www.jordannuclear.co.uk/ 1700 Keltbray http://www.keltbray.com/ 1701 Kier Construction http://www.kier.co.uk/ 1702 KorteQ http://www.korteq.com/ 1703 Lab Impex Systems http://www.lab-impex-systems.co.uk/

uk/ 1704 Laing O’Rourke http://www.laingorourke.com/Pages/

LORHome.aspx 1705 Landauer http://www.landauer.com/ 1706 LSC Group http://www.lsc.co.uk/ 1707 M+W Group http://www.mwgroup.net/ 1708 Mace http://www.macegroup.com/ 1709 Magnox North http://www.magnoxnorthsites.com/1710 Magnox South http://www.magnoxsouthsites.com/1711 Magnox http://www.magnoxelectric.com/ 1712 Marick Communications http://www.

marickcommunications.co.uk/1713 Mech-Tool http://www.mechtool.co.uk/ 1714 Metal Improvement Company http://www.

metalimprovement.co.uk/ 1715 Metaltek http://www.metaltek.com/ 1716 Morgan Lewis http://www.morganlewis.com/ 1717 MWH http://www.mwhglobal.com/ 1718 MMI Engineering http://www.mmiengineering.com/ 1719 Morgan Sindall Group http://www.morgansindall.com/ 1720 Morson Projects is a UK company with presence in

Germany, Italy and United Kingdom http://www.morson-projects.co.uk/

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MacDonald1721, NG Bailey1722, NIS Group1723, Northwest Development Agency1724 Norton Rose1725, NSG Environmental1726, Nuclear Engineering Services1727, Nuclear Management Partner1728, Nuclear National Laboratory1729, Nuclear Risk Insurers1730, Nuclear Technologies1731, Nuvia1732, OEE1733, Osborne Clarke International1734, Outokumpu1735, Pac Tec EPS1736, Panorama Group1737, Parsons Brinckerhoff1738, Piper Supports1739, Powerplus Systems1740, Procon Engineering1741, Promanex1742, Qinetiq1743, Qinshield1744, Radwise1745, Rider Levett Bucknall1746, Rolls Royce1747, Rotary1748, Roxtec1749, RPS1750,

1721 Mott MacDonald is a UK company with presence in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Romania and United Kingdom http://www.mottmac.com/

1722 NG Bailey http://www.ngbailey.co.uk/ 1723 NIS Group http://www.nisltd.com/ 1724 Northwest Development Agency http://www.nwda.co.uk/ 1725 Norton Rose http://www.nortonrose.com/1726 NSG Environmental http://www.nsgltd.com/ 1727 Nuclear Engineering Services http://www.nes-limited.

co.uk/ 1728 Nuclear Management Partners http://www.

nuclearmanagementpartners.com/ 1729 Nuclear National Laboratory http://www.nnl.co.uk/ 1730 Nuclear Risk Insurers http://www.nuclear-risk.com/ 1731 Nuclear Technologies http://www.nuclear.co.uk/ 1732 Nuvia http://www.nuvia.co.uk/ 1733 OEE http://www.oeeuk.com/ 1734 Osborne Clarke International http://www.osborneclarke.

com/ 1735 Outokumpu http://www.outokumpu.com/ 1736 Pac Tec EPS http://www.pacteceps.co.uk/ 1737 Panorama Group http://www.panoramagroup.co.uk/ 1738 Parsons Brinckerhoff http://www.pbworld.com/ 1739 Piper Supports http://www.pipesupports.com/ 1740 Powerplus Systems http://www.powerplus.co.uk/ 1741 Procon Engineering http://www.proconeng.com/ 1742 Promanex http://www.promanex.com/English/Promanex_

Group/Home.aspx?id=940 1743 Qinetiq (int) http://www.qinetiq.com/global.html 1744 Qinshield http://www.quinshield.com/ 1745 Radwise http://www.radwiselimited.co.uk/index.html 1746 Rider Levett Bucknall http://www.rlb.com/ 1747 Rolls Royce http://www.rolls-royce.com/ 1748 Rotary http://www.hastiegroup.com.au/

RotaryGroupUnitedKingdom/Default.aspx 1749 Roxtec http://www.roxtec.com/ 1750 RPS is a UK consultancy with subsidiaries in Ireland,

Netherlands and United Kingdom http://www.rpsgroup.com/getdoc/34685c17-ea26-403a-b495-77c156627e4e/Britain.aspx

RSK1751, Safety and Ecology Corporation,1752 Scottish Enterprise Energy Team1753, Scott Wilson1754, SEC1755, Senior Hargreaves1756, Serck Services1757, Serco1758, Shaw Group1759, Simmons & Simmons1760, Sir Robert McAlpine1761, Stainless Metalcraft (chatteris)1762, Studsvik1763, Tesella1764, TRM1765, Truflo Marine1766, Turley Associates1767, TÜV Rheinland1768, TWI Technology Engineering1769, Ultra Electronics1770, URS1771, Weir Power & Industrial1772, White & Case1773 and Wragge1774.

1751 RSK http://www.rpsgroup.com/getdoc/383bbe87-cd30-457b-a178-d4cc5d41d76f/Ireland.aspx

1752 Safety and Ecology Corporation http://www.sec-tn.com/ 1753 Scottish Enterprise Energy Team http://www.scottish-

enterprise.com/ 1754 Scott Wilson http://www.scottwilson.com/ 1755 SEC http://www.sec-uk.com/1756 Senior Hargreaves http://www.hargreaves-ductwork.

co.uk/ 1757 Serck Services http://www.serckservices.co.uk/ 1758 Serco http://www.serco.com/ 1759 Shaw Group http://www.shawgrp.com/ 1760 Simmons & Simmons is a UK company with presence in

Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and United Kingdom http://www.simmons-simmons.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=simmons_simmons_com.main

1761 Sir Robert McAlpine http://www.sir-robert-mcalpine.com/ 1762 Stainless Metalcraft (chatteris) http://www.metalcraft.

co.uk/index.html 1763 Studsvik http://www.studsvik.se/index.php?afw_lang=en1764 Tesella http://www.tessella.com/1765 TRM http://www.temperature-house.com/1766 Truflo Marine http://www.truflomarine.com/1767 Turley Associates http://www.turleyassociates.co.uk/ 1768 TÜV Rheinland http://www.tuv.com/uk/en/index.html 1769 TWI Technology Engineering http://www.twi.co.uk/ 1770 Ultra Electronics http://www.ultra-electronics.com/ 1771 URS is also based in Netherlands http://www.urscorp.eu/ 1772 Weir Power & Industrial is a UK company with also

presence in France http://www.weirpowerindustrial.com/ 1773 White & Case http://www.whitecase.com/1774 Wragge http://www.wragge.com/

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INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in the UK [%]

Nuclear Stakeholders per business in the UK

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CONCLUSIONS

The first observation is that there is still some scope for harmonisation in the field of nuclear education in Europe. Although the choice of whether to use nuclear energy or not is at the discretion of the national authorities, harmonisation is necessary if mobility and effective use of nuclear human resources through Europe is persuaded. At present, all EU countries are going through a period of transition to make the necessary reforms to implement the Bologna Process. However, these systems have not yet been fully harmonised since not all the countries have made all the necessary changes to their higher level educational systems and there are still some countries where the old higher level educational system coexists with the new one.

There are also differences in the position on nuclear energy since each of the 27 EU countries has different policies on the acceptability and the need to develop nuclear energy. This affects the educational system since the relative strength or weakness of the nuclear industry has a significant influence on the SUPPLY of and the DEMAND for human resources. In those countries where nuclear energy plays an essential role, education in the nuclear field is widely supported both by government and by the different educational institutions.

It is noted that, within the 27 EU Member States nuclear energy has not the same share in their individually chosen energy-mix. Amongst the latter, in most cases there is a lack of interest and a lack of educational centres that offer courses in the nuclear area.

In addition, there are some countries where nuclear energy has not been adopted but there is ongoing research and educational activities in the nuclear field that are continuously being maintained and updated.

It was noted that the European Nuclear Education Network (ENEN) plays already a significant role for harmonisation of educational systems and encouragement of mobility of students and professors. In addition, the existence of institutions like the European Nuclear Society (ENS), the nuclear fora and the Academies of Sciences (or similar educational institutions) are providing a major contribution in the field of nuclear education in ensuring that the general public and future students are aware of the issues relating to nuclear energy.

In general terms, it is noted that increasing SUPPLY possibilities for human resources for the nuclear industry are being created in the last couple of years and it is now coping with the deficit that has arisen during the years 1990-2000 in which the acceptance of nuclear energy has shown a downturn. It is clear however, that the accident that has occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan will affect public opinion on nuclear power and this most probably will be reflected in the educational field. Because of this, it will be even more important to monitor and forecast the development/maintenance of adequate nuclear human resources in Europe and act in a timely manner to ensure expertise and competence needed to keep a safe operation of the EU nuclear power plants is in place. JRC EHRO-N will regularly update its studies on this issue and will provide relevant information to EC policy makers on this issue.

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ANNEXES

ANNEX I: HIGHER LEVEL EDUCATION POSSIBILITIES IN EU-27

Country Institution Website Type

AUSTRIA Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities/Atominstitut

http://www.ati.ac.at/index.php?id=startseite&L=1 Research

AUSTRIA Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences/FH Oberösterreich http://www.fh-ooe.at/en/upper-austria/ Course

AUSTRIA University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien/Fachhochschule FH Campus Wien http://www.fh-campuswien.ac.at/en/home/

Bachelor

Master

AUSTRIA University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien/Fachhoschule Technikum Wien http://www.technikum-wien.at/en/home/ Course

AUSTRIA University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt/Fachhochschule Wiener Neustad

http://www.fhwn.ac.at/desktopdefault.aspx?pageid=407&lang=en

Bachelor

Course

AUSTRIA Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences/FH Oberösterreich http://www.fh-ooe.at/en/upper-austria/ Course

AUSTRIA Vienna University of Technology/Technische Universität Wien http://www.tuwien.ac.at/tuwien_home/EN/ Course

BELGIUMAntwerpen University/Universiteit Antwerpen

http://www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=.ENGLISH Course

Research

BELGIUM BNEN http://www.sckcen.be/bnen/ Master

BELGIUMCatholic University

Leuven/Katholieke Universiteit Leuven http://www.kuleuven.be/english/

Course

Research

BELGIUM Catholic University of Louvain/Université Catholique de Louvain http://www.uclouvain.be/en-index.html

Course

Research

BELGIUMFree University of Brussels/Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

http://www.ulb.be/index.html Master

BELGIUMFree University of Brussels/Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VRIJ)

http://www.vub.ac.be/ Course

BELGIUM Ghent University/Universiteit Ghent http://www.ugent.be/en Master (Eur)

PhD

BELGIUM JRC-Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements

http://irmm.jrc.ec.europa.eu/html/homepage.htm Research

BELGIUM SCK-CEN http://www.sckcen.be/ PhD

Research

BELGIUM University of Liege/Université de Liège http://www.ulg.ac.be/cms/c_5000/home

Master

Course

Research

BELGIUM Xios Hogeschool Limburghttp://www.xios.be/portal/alias__Rainbow/lang__nlBE/tabID__3423/DesktopDefault.aspx

Bachelor

Master

Course

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Country Institution Website Type

BULGARIAInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE)

http://www.inrne.bas.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0107&g=

Course

Research

BULGARIA Plodiv University Paisii Hilendarski http://www.uni-plovdiv.bg/?ln=2 Course

BULGARIARuse University Angel Kanchev/Русенски университет Ангел Кънчев

http://www.uni-ruse.bg/index_en.php Course

BULGARIA Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski http://portal.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Research

BULGARIA Technical University of Sofia http://www.tu-sofia.bg/ENG/index.html

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Research

CYPRUS University of Cyprushttp://www.new.ucy.ac.cy/goto/mainportal/en-US/HOME.aspx

Course/Research

CZECH REP. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic/Akademie věd ČR http://www.cas.cz/en/ PhD

CZECH REP. Brno University of Technology/Vysoké Uceni Technické v Brne http://www.vutbr.cz/?set_lang=1 Master

CZECH REP.Charles University in Prague/Univerzita

Karlova v Prazehttp://www.cuni.cz/UKENG-1.html

Bachelor

Course

Research

CZECH REP. Czech Technical University in Prague/Ceské Vysoké Ucení Technicke http://www.cvut.cz/en?set_language=en

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Course

Research

CZECH REP.Institute of Chemical Technology Prague/Vysolá Skola Chemicko-Technologická v Praze

http://www.vscht.cz/homepage/english/main Research

CZECH REP. Nuclear Research Institute Rez plc Research

CZECH REP. UJP Praha http://www.ujp.cz/ Research

CZECH REP.University of West Bohemia

/Západoceska Univerzita v Plznihttp://www.zcu.cz/en/ Research

ESTONIATallinn University of Technology/Tallinna Tehnikaûlikool

http://www.ttu.ee/?lang=en Research

ESTONIA University of Tartu/Tartu Ülikool http://www.ut.ee/en Research

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Country Institution Website Type

FINLAND Graduate School in Particle and Nuclear Physics (GRASPANP)

https://www.jyu.fi/fysiikka/opiskelu/tutkijakoulut/summary.html

Course

Research

FINLANDHelsinki Institute of Physics/Fysiikan Tutkimuslaiotos (HIP)

http://www.hip.fi/index.html Research

FINLANDAalto University/Aalto-Yliopiston Teknillinen Korkeakoulu

http://www.aalto.fi/en/Course

Research

FINLANDLappeenranta University of Technology/Lappeenrannan Teknillinen Yliopisto

http://www.lut.fi/en/lut/Pages/Default.aspx Course

FINLANDTampere Univeristy of Technology/

Tampereen Teknillinen Yliopistohttp://www.tut.fi/public/index.cfm?siteid=32

PhD

Course

Research

FINLANDTechnical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

http://www.vtt.fi/index.jsp?lang=en Research

FINLANDUniversity of Jyväskylä/Jyväskylän Yliopisto

https://www.jyu.fi/en/Course

Research

FINLAND University of Turku/Turun Yliopisto http://www.utu.fi/en/ Research

FRANCE Armines (Grandes Écoles) http://www.armines.net/?SetLang=uk Research

FRANCEBlaise Pascal University Clermont Ferrand/Université Blaise Pascal Clermont-Ferrand

http://www.univ-bpclermont.fr/rubrique10.html

Course

FRANCE Central School Paris/École Centrale Paris http://www.ecp.fr/index_html_en Bachelor

FRANCE Chemistry Paris Tech/Chimie Paris Tech http://www.enscp.fr/spip.php?page=english Bachelor

FRANCE

Consortium: Paris Tech, the University Paris-Sud 11/Université Paris-Sud11, the École Central Paris (ECP), the National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology/Institut National des Sciences & Techniques

Nucléaires (INSTN) and EDF

http://www.paristech.fr/en/index.html

http://www.u-psud.fr/en/index.html

http://www.ecp.fr/fr/A_ecp/A3_intergroupe/A3c_alliance_supelec.htm

http://www-instn.cea.fr/Page-Home.html

http://www.edf.fr/edf-fr-accueil-1.html#Accueil

Master

FRANCEEngineering National High School of Caen/École Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN)

http://www.ensicaen.fr/61401893/0/fiche___pagelibre/&RH=OUTILS

Bachelor

FRANCEENSTA Paris Tech/École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées

http://www.ensta.fr/en/ Bachelor

FRANCEESPCI Paris Tech/École de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de Paris

http://www.espci.fr/en Research

FRANCEFrench Atomic Energy Commission/

Commissariat à l’énergie atomiquehttp://www.cea.fr/english_portal Research

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Country Institution Website Type

FRANCEGrenoble Institute of Technology/Institute Polytechnique de Grenoble

http://www.grenoble-inp.fr/ Bachelor

Master (int)

FRANCEHigh School of Arts and Crafts/École National Supériure d’Arts et Métiers

http://www.ensam.fr/en/ Bachelor

FRANCEMines Paris Graduate School/

École des Mines Paris (ENSMP)http://www.mines-paristech.eu/ Bachelor

FRANCEMines School of Alés/École des Mines d’Alés

http://www.mines-ales.fr/pages/?all=accueil&idl=21

Bachelor

FRANCEMines School of Nantes/École des Mines de Nantes

http://www.mines-nantes.fr/en/ Bachelor

FRANCE

National Academy of Arts and Crafts/

Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM)

http://www.cnam.fr/jsp/fiche_pagelibre.jsp?STNAV=&RUBNAV=&CODE=36392593&LANGUE=0&RH=

PhD

FRANCE

National Chemistry High School of Montpellier/École Nationale

Supérieure de Chimie de Montepellier

http://www.enscm.fr/en Bachelor

FRANCENational Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology/Institut National des Sciences & Techniques Nucléaires (INSTN)

http://www-instn.cea.fr/Page-Sommaire.html

Bachelor

Master (Eur)

PhD (coll. Paris XI)

Course

FRANCENational Mines High School of Saint-Étienne/École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne

http://www.emse.fr/en/ Bachelor

FRANCERadioprotection and Nuclear Safety Institute/Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire

http://www.irsn.fr/EN/Pages/home.aspx Research

FRANCEUniversity Joseph Fourier/Université Joseph Fourier

http://www.ujf-grenoble.fr/37654972/1/fiche___pagelibre/

Master

FRANCEUniversity of Nancy I Henri Poincare/

Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy Ihttp://www.uhp-nancy.fr/ Master (Eur)

FRANCEUniversity of Paris VII/Université Paris Diderot

http://www.univ-paris-diderot.fr/ Course

FRANCEUniversity Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris VI/Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI

http://www.upmc.fr/en/index.html Master

GERMANYAachen University of Applied Sciences/Hochschule Aachen

http://www.aachen.de/EN/sb/stud/fh_en/index.html

Master (Eur)

Course

GERMANYClausthal University of Technology/Technische Universität Clausthal

http://www.tu-clausthal.de/info/Welcome.shtml.en

Master

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Country Institution Website Type

GERMANYEuropean Nuclear Energy Leadership Academy (ENELA)

http://www.enela.eu/ Master

GERMANYFederal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources/Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

http://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Home/homepage__node.html

Research

GERMANYFederal Office for Radiation Protection/

Bundesamt für Strahlenschutzhttp://www.bfs.de/en/bfs Research

GERMANY

German Research Foundation/Deutsche

Forschungsgemeinschaft

http://www.dfg.de/en/ Research

GERMANYHeidelberg University/Universität Heidelberg

http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/ Research

GERMANY

Institutes of the Dresden-Rossendorf Research Center/Institute des Forschungszentrums Dresden-Rossendorf

http://www.fzd.de/db/Cms?pNid=129 Research

GERMANYJRC-Institute for Transuranium Elements

http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Research

GERMANYJülich Research Centre/Forschungszentrum Jülich

http://www.fz-juelich.de/portal/about_us Research

GERMANYKarlsruhe Institute of Technology/

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

http://www.fzk.de/fzk/idcplg?IdcService=FZK&node=Home&lang=en

Research

GERMANYKarlsruhe University/Universität Karlsruhe

http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/index_en.php Research

GERMANYRWTH Aachen University/Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen

http://www.rwth-aachen.de/go/id/bdz/ Master

GERMANYTechnical University of Dresden/

Technische Universität Dresdenhttp://tu-dresden.de/ Research

GERMANYTechnical University of Munich/Technische Universitat München

http://portal.mytum.de/welcome/ Bachelor

Master

GERMANYUniversity of Stuttgart/Universität Stuttgart

http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/index.en.html Course

GREECE

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki/

Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης

http://www.auth.gr/home/index_en.html Research

GREECEGreek Atomic Energy Commission/Ελληνική Επιτροπή Ατομικής Ενέργειας (GAEC)

http://www.gaec.gr/en/ Master

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Country Institution Website Type

GREECENational Centre of Scientific Research Demokritos/Εθνικό Κέντρο Έρευνας Φυσικών Επιστημών Δημοκριτος

http://www.demokritos.gr/index_muk.asp

Master

PhD

Research

GREECENational & Kapodistrian University of Athens/Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών

http://en.uoa.gr/ Research

GREECENational Technical University of Athens (NTUA)/Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ)

http://www.ntua.gr/ntua_en.html Course

GREECEUniversity of Ioannina/Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων

http://www.uoi.gr/en/index.php Course

Research

HUNGARYBudapest University of Technology and Economics/Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem (BUTE)

http://portal.bme.hu/langs/en/default.aspx Bachelor

Master

HUNGARYEötvös Loránd University/Eötvos Loránd Tudományegyetem

http://www.elte.hu/en/ Course

HUNGARY

Frédéric Joliot Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene/Országos Frédéroc Joliot-Curie Sugáregészségügyi Kutató Intézet

http://www.osski.hu/index_en.php Research

HUNGARY Institute for Electric Power Research http://www.veiki.hu/index.html Research

HUNGARY Institute of Isotopes/Izotóp Intézet http://www.izotop.hu/?page_id=7 Research

HUNGARY University of Debrecen/Debreceni Egyetem http://www.unideb.hu/portal/en PhD

HUNGARYUniversity of Pannonia Veszprém/Pannon Egyetem

http://englishweb.uni-pannon.hu/ Course

IRELAND Dublin City University http://www.dcu.ie/ Course

IRELAND Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies http://www.dias.ie/index.html Research

IRELAND National University of Ireland (Maynooth) http://www.nuim.ie/ Course

IRELAND University of Dublin/Trinity College Dublin http://www.tcd.ie/ Research

ITALY Milan Polytechnic/Politecnico di Milano http://www.english.polimi.it/

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Research

ITALYNational Institute of Nuclear Physics/

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)http://www.infn.it/indexen.php Research

ITALYTechnical University of Turin/Politecnico di Torino

http://www.polito.it/index.en.php

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Research

131

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Country Institution Website Type

ITALY Torino University/Università di Torino http://www.unito.it/index_english.htm

Master

Course

Research

ITALYUniversity of Bologna/Università di Bologna

http://www.eng.unibo.it/PortaleEn/default.htm

Bachelor

Master

Phd

Course

Research

ITALYUniversity of Palermo/Università degli Studi di Palermo

http://portale.unipa.it/

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Research

ITALY University of Pisa/Università di Pisa http://www.unipi.it/english/index.htm

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Research

ITALYUniversity of Roma/Sapienza Università di Roma

http://www.uniroma1.it/default_e.php

Bachelor

Master

PhD

LATVIARiga Technical University/Rigas Tehniska Universitate

http://www.rtu.lv/component/option,com_newsbox/task,view/id,2/Itemid,1074/lang,en

Course

LATVIA University of Latvia/Latvijas Universitate http://www.lu.lv/eng/ Research

LITHUANIAKaunas University of Technology/Kauno Technologijos Universitetas

http://en.ktu.lt/

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Research

LITHUANIALithuanian Energy Institute/Lietuvos

Energetikos Institutashttp://www.lei.lt/index.php?k=9 Research

LITHUANIARadiation Protection Center/Radiacines Saugos Centras

http://www.rsc.lt/index.php/pageid/510 Research

LITHUANIA Vilnius University/Vilniaus Universitetas http://www.vu.lt/en/ Bachelor

Research

LITHUANIAVytautas Magnus University/Vytauto Didzijojo Universitetas

http://www.vdu.lt/ Course

LUXEMBOURGUniversity of Luxembourg/Université de Luxembourg

http://wwwen.uni.lu/ Course

Research

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Country Institution Website Type

MALTAMalta Institute for Medical Education (M.I.M.E.)

http://www.maltime.com/ Course

MALTA University of Malta/L-Universita ta’ Malta http://www.um.edu.mt/

Bachelor

Course

Research

NETHERLANDDelft University of Technology/Technische Universiteit Delft

http://home.tudelft.nl/en/

Master

PhD

Course

NETHERLANDEindhoven University of Techonology/

Technische Universiteit Eindhovenhttp://w3.tue.nl/nl/

Master

Course

NETHERLANDEnergy Research Center of the Netherlands (ECN)

http://www.ecn.nl/en/ http://www.ecn.nl/research/

Research

NETHERLANDFoundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM)

http://www.fom.nl/live/english/home.pag Research

NETHERLAND JRC-Institute for Energy http://ie.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Research

NETHERLANDNuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG)

http://www.nrg.eu/indexnl.html Research

NETHERLANDUniversity of Groningen/Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

http://www.rug.nl/corporate/index?lang=en PhD

Course

POLAND

AGH University of Science and Technology/Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza Im. Stanislawa Staszica w Krakowie

http://www.agh.edu.pl/en

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Research

POLANDCentral Laboratory for Radiological Protection/Centralne Laboratorium Ochrony Radiologicznej

http://www.clor.waw.pl/ Research

POLANDInstitute of Atomic Energy POLATOM/ Instytut Energii Atomowej POLATOM

http://www.iea.cyf.gov.pl/index_ang.html Research

POLANDInstitute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion

http://www.ipplm.pl/ Research

POLANDJagiellonian University/Univwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie

http://www.uj.edu.pl/ Research

POLAND

Jan Kochanowski University/ Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczego JanaKochanowskiego w Kielcach

http://www.ujk.edu.pl/index_en.php Research

POLANDMaria Curie-Sklodowska University/

Uniwersytet Marii Curie Sklodowskiej

http://www.umcs.lublin.pl/articles.php?aid=1113

Course

POLAND University of Gandsk/Uniwersytet Gda−ski http://www.ug.gda.pl/en/index.php?lang=en PhD

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Country Institution Website Type

POLANDUniversity of Silesia in Katowice/

Uniwersytet Slaski w Katowicachhttp://english.us.edu.pl/ Research

POLANDUniversity of Szczecin/Uniwersytet Szczeciński

http://www.us.szc.pl/uk/ Research

POLANDUniversity of Wroclaw/Uniwersytet

Wroclawskihttp://international.uni.wroc.pl/en/s3.php Research

POLANDWarsaw University of Technology/

Politechnika Warszawskahttp://eng.pw.edu.pl/ Research

PORTUGALHigh Technical Institute/Instituto Superior Técnico

http://www.ist.utl.pt/en/ Research

PORTUGAL

National Institute of Technological Engineering and Innovation/Instituto Nacional de Engenheria Tecnologia e Inovaçao

http://www.ineti.pt/default.aspx Research

PORTUGAL Porto University/Universidade de Porto http://sigarra.up.pt/up_uk/web_page.inicial Course

PORTUGALTechnological and Nuclear Institute/Instituto Tecnológico é Nuclear

http://www.itn.pt/uk/uk_main.htm Research

PORTUGALTechnical University of Lisbon/

Universidade Técnica de Lisboahttp://www.utl.pt/index.php?ling=2

Course

Research

PORTUGALUniversity of Coimbra/Universidade de

Coimbrahttp://www.uc.pt/en

Master

Course

PORTUGALUniversity of Lisbon/Universidade de Lisboa

http://www.ul.pt/portal/page?_pageid=173,1&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

Course

Research

ROMANIAHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering

http://www.nipne.ro/

PhD

Course

Research

ROMANIAInstitute for Nuclear Research – Pitesti/

Sucursala Cercetari Nucleare- Pitestihttp://www.nuclear.ro/ Research

ROMANIAOvidius University of Constanta/

Universitatea Ovidius Constantahttp://www.univ-ovidius.ro/ Bachelor

ROMANIAPolytechnical University of Bucharest/

Universitatea Politehnica din Bucurest

http://www.upb.ro/index.php/en/pub-presentation

Bachelor

Master

Research

ROMANIAUniversity Babes-Bolyai Cluj/

Universitatea Babeş-Bolyaihttp://www.ubbcluj.ro/en/ Research

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Country Institution Website Type

ROMANIAUniversity of Bucharest/Universitatea din Bucuresti

http://www.unibuc.ro/en/home

Master

PhD

Course

Research

SLOVAKIAComenius University in Bratislava/

Univerzita Komenského v Bratislavehttp://www.uniba.sk/index.php?id=921 Research

SLOVAKIANuclear Power Plant Research Institute (VUJE)

http://www.vuje.sk/en/ Course

SLOVAKIASlovak University of Technology in Bratislava/Slovenska Technická Univerzita v Bratislave (STU)

http://www.stuba.sk/new/generate_page.php?page_id=132

PhD

Research

SLOVENIA Institut Josef Stefan/Institu Jozef Stefan http://www.ijs.si/ijsw/JSI Research

SLOVENIAUniversity of Ljubljana/Univerza v Ljubljani

http://www.uni-lj.si/en/

Master

PhD

Course

SPAINAutonoma University of Barcelona/

Universidad Autónoma de Barcelonahttp://www.uab.es/english/ Master

SPAIN

Autonoma University of Madrid/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Energetic, Environmental and Technologic Research Center/Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medio Ambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)

http://www.uam.es/ss/Satellite/en/home

http://www.ciemat.es/ Master

SPAINBasque Country University/Universidad del País Vasco

http://www.ehu.es/p200-home/en Course

Research

SPAINCarlos III University of Madrid/

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

http://www.uc3m.es/portal/page/portal/home

PhD

Research

SPAIN

Carlos III University of Madrid/Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Complutense University of Madrid/Universidad Complutense de Madrid and the Polytechnical University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.

http://www.uc3m.es/portal/page/portal/home

http://www.ucm.es/centros/webs/en/

http://www.upm.es/portal/site/internacional/

Master (Euro)

SPAIN

Energy, Environmental and Technology Research Center/Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas

http://www.ciemat.es/ Research

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Country Institution Website Type

SPAINComplutense University of Madrid/Universidad Complutense de Madrid

http://www.ucm.es/centros/webs/en/Course

Research

SPAINComponents Techonology Center of Cantabria/Centro Tecnológico de Componentes Cantabria

http://www.ctcomponentes.es/ Research

SPAINGranada University/Universidad de Granada

http://www.ugr.es/pages/index Course

SPAIN Huelva University/Universidad de Huelva http://www.uhu.es/english/index.htm Master

SPAINMadrid Institute for Advanced Studies of Materials/Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados de Materiales (IMDEA)

http://www.imdea.org/ Research

SPAINNational Open University/Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

http://portal.uned.es/portal/page?_pageid=93,1&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

Course

Research

SPAINPolytechnical University of Catalonia/Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña

http://www.upc.edu/eng

Master

Course

Research

SPAINPolytechnical University of Madrid/

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

http://www.upm.es/portal/site/internacional/

Master

PhD

Course

Research

SPAIN Tecnatom http://www.tecnatom.es/master/index.html Master

SPAINUniversity of Alcalá/Universidad de Alcalá

http://www.uah.es/idiomas/ingles/# Course

Research

SPAINUniversity of Castilla La Mancha/

Universidad de Castilla La Manchahttp://www.uclm.es/english/ PhD

SPAINUniversity of Cantabria/

Universidad de Cantabriahttp://www.unican.es/en Research

SPAINUniversity of Zaragoza/

Universidad de Zaragozahttp://www.unizar.es/ Research

SWEDEN Chalmers University http://www.chalmers.se/en/ Master

Research

SWEDENKTH Royal Institute of Technology/Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Universitet

http://www.kth.se/?l=en_UK

Master

PhD

Research

SWEDEN Lund University/Lunds Universitet http://www.lu.se/lund-university Course

Research

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Country Institution Website Type

SWEDENStockholm University/Stockhoms Universitet

http://www.su.se/english/ Course

SWEDENSwedish Radiation Safety Authority/Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten

http://www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se/In-English/About-the-Swedish-Radiation-Safety-Authority1/

Research

SWEDEN Uppsala University/Uppsala Universitet http://www.uu.se/ PhD

Research

U.K. City University London http://www.city.ac.uk/ Master

U.K. Defence Academy of the U.K. http://defac.ac.uk/ Course

U.K. Imperial College London http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/

Bachelor

Course

Research

U.K. Lancaster University http://www.lancs.ac.uk/

Bachelor

Course

Research

U.K. Nuclear Institutehttp://www.nuclearinst.com/ibis/Nuclear%20Institute/Home

Research

U.K. Nuclear Technology Education Consortium http://www.ntec.ac.uk/prog_summary.htm Master

U.K. University of Birmingham http://www.bham.ac.uk/ Master

Course

U.K. University of Leeds http://www.leeds.ac.uk/ Bachelor

Master

U.K. University of Liverpool http://www.liv.ac.uk/

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Course

Research

U.K. University of Manchester http://www.manchester.ac.uk/

PhD

Course

Research

U.K. University of Sheffield http://www.sheffield.ac.uk/ Master

PhD

U.K. Westlakes Scientific Consulting http://www.westlakes.org/ Course

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ANNEX II: NATIONAL ACADEMIES INVOLVED IN THE NUCLEAR FIELD

AUSTRIAAustrian Academy of Sciences/ Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften

http://www.oeaw.ac.at/english/home.html

BULGARIA Bulgarian Academy of Sciences http://www.bas.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0200

ESTONIAEstonian Academy of Sciences/Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia

http://www.akadeemia.ee/en/academy/

FINLANDAcademy of Finland/Suomen Akatemia

http://www.aka.fi/en-gb/A/

FRANCE

European Foundation for Tomorrow’s Energies/Fondation Européenne pour les Energies de Demain

http://www.energiesdedemain.com/?lg=gb

HUNGARYHungarian Academy of Sciences/ Magyar Tudományos Akadémia

http://www.mta.hu/index.php?id=406&type=0

LATVIALatvian Academy of Sciences/Latvijas Zinatnu Akademija

http://www.lza.lv/index.php?mylang=english

LITHUANIALithuanian Academy of Sciences/Lietuvos Mokslu Akademija

http://lma.lt/index.php?lang=en

POLANDThe Polish Academy of Sciences/Polska Akademia Nauk

http://www.english.pan.pl/index.php?

SLOVAKIASlovak Academy of Sciences/Slovenská Akadémia Vied

http://www.sav.sk/index.php?lang=en&charset=ascii&doc=info

U.K. National Skills Academy http://www.nuclear.nsacademy.co.uk/

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ANNEX III: NUCLEAR EDUCATION NETWORKS

BELGIUM BNEN http://www.sckcen.be/BNEN/

CZECH REP. CENEN http://www.cenen.cz/kontakt.html

DENMARK + FINLAND + ICELAND + NORWAY + SWEDEN

NKS http://www.nks.org/en/welcome.htm

FINLAND FINNEN http://www.aalto.fi/en/

GERMANYKompetenzverbund Kerntechnik

http://nuklear-server.ka.fzk.de/Kompetenzverbund/start.htm

ITALY CIRTEN http://www.cirten.it/

POLAND PNPN http://www.slcj.uw.edu.pl/pnpn/

ROMANIA RONEN http://www.ronen.ro/

U.K. NTEC http://www.ntec.ac.uk/

EU ENEN http://www.enen-assoc.org/

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ANNEX IV: NUCLEAR NATIONAL SOCIETIES

AUSTRIA ÖKTG http://www.oektg.at/

BELGIUM BNS http://www.bnsorg.eu/

BULGARIA BGNS http://www.bgns.bg/page.php?n=103201&SiteID=802

CZECH REP. CNS http://www.csvts.cz/cns/

EUROPEAN ENS http://www.euronuclear.org/

FINLAND ATS http://www.ats-fns.fi/eng/eng_index.html

FRANCE SFEN http://www.sfen.org/

GERMANY KTG http://www.ktg.org/ktg/de/index.php?navid=0

HUNGARY MNT http://mnt.kfki.hu/index.php?page=&lang=en

ITALY AIN http://www.assonucleare.it/

LITHUANIA LNEA http://www.lbea.lt/?lang=en

NETHERLAND NNS http://www.kerntechniek.nl/index.en.html

POLAND PNS http://ptn.nuclear.pl/index_en.php?li=home_en

ROMANIA AREN http://www.aren.ro/en_index.htm

SLOVAKIA SNS http://www.snus.sk/default_en.htm

SLOVENIA NSShttp://www.djs.si/indexen.html

http://www.nss.si/

SPAIN SNE http://www.sne.es/sne/

SWEDEN SKS http://www.karnteknik.se/

U.K. NI http://www.nuclearinst.com/ibis/Nuclear%20Institute/Home

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ANNEX V: NUCLEAR REGULATORY AUTHORITIES

AUSTRIA Federal Alarm Centrehttp://www.bmi.gv.at/cms/BMI_Zivilschutz/mehr_zum_thema/Bundeswarnzentrale.aspx

BELGIUM BEL V http://www.belv.be/

BULGARIA BNRA http://www.bnsa.bas.bg/en/front-page-en?set_language=en

CYPRUS

Radiation Inspections and Control Service of the Department of LabourInspection

http://www.mlsi.gov.cy/mlsi/dli/dli.nsf/dmlindex_en/dmlindex_en

CZECH REP. SUJB http://www.sujb.cz/?r_id=26

DENMARK DEMA http://www.beredskabsstyrelsen.dk/uk/

ESTONIA ALARA http://www.alara.ee/

FINLAND STUK http://www.stuk.fi/en_GB/

FRANCE ASN http://www.asn.fr/

GERMANY BMU http://www.bmu.de/english/aktuell/4152.php

GREECE GAEC http://www.gaec.gr/en/

HUNGARY HAEA http://www.haea.gov.hu/web/v2/portal.nsf/index_en

IRELAND RPII http://www.rpii.ie/

ITALY ISPRA http://www.isprambiente.it/site/en-gb/

LATVIA EGMA http://www.meteo.lv/public/26902.html

LITHUANIA VATESI http://www.vatesi.lt/index.php?id=2&L=1

LUXEMBOURG Radioprotection Department http://www.ms.public.lu/fr/activites/radioprotection/index.html

NETHERLAND VROM http://international.vrom.nl/

POLAND PPA http://www.paa.gov.pl/en/

PORTUGAL CIPRSN

ROMANIA CNCAN http://www.cncan.ro/ro/default.php

SLOVAKIA UJD http://www.ujd.gov.sk/ujd/web.nsf

SLOVENIA URSJV http://www.ursjv.gov.si/

SPAIN CSN http://www.csn.es/

SWEDEN SKI http://www.ski.se/Allmanhet/

U.K. HSE http://www.hse.gov.uk/

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Delivering a sustainable Energy Future for Ireland. Government White Paper. Department of Communication, Marine and Natural Resources.

• Discusión y opinión pública sobre la energía nuclear en España. Pérez-Díaz, Víctor; Rodríguez, Juan Carlos. ASP Research Paper 73(a)/2007.

• Education and Training. Transactions. Nest. European Nuclear Society, 2008.

• Euroatom. Supply Agency. Annual Report 2008. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009.

• Experimental Facilities for Education. Transactions. Nest. European Nuclear Society, 2008.

• Fusion Research. An Energy Option for Europe’s Future. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004.

• Global Public Opinion on Nuclear Issues and the IAEA. GlobeScan Incorporated. International Atomic Energy Agency publication, 2005.

• Glossary of Nuclear Terms. Koelzer, Winfried. Forschungszentrem Karlsruhe, 2010.

• Guidelines for Analysis of Data Related to Ageing of Nuclear Power Plant Components and Systems.Kelly, Dana; Rodionov, Andrei; Uwe-Klügel, Jens. JRC-Institute for Energy. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008.

• Handbook on Nuclear Law. Baer, Alec; Pelzer, Norbert; Stoiber, Carlton; Tonhauser, Wolfram. International Atomic Energy Agency publication, 2003.

• International Developments in Nuclear Education and Training. Transactions. Nest. European Nuclear Society, 2008.

• Knowledge Management for Nuclear Industry Operating Organisations. International Atomic Energy Agency publication, IAEA-TECDOC-1510, 2006.

• Management of Nuclear Knowledge on an international scale using small university research reactor. Böck, H.; Villa, H. International Atomic Energy Agency publication, IAEA-CN-153/4/P/28.

• Managing Nuclear Knowledge: Strategies and Human Resource Development. Summary of an international conference.International Atomic Energy Agency publication, 2006.

• Next Generation. Skills for New Build Nuclear. COGENT, 2010.

• Nuclear Data for sustainable nuclear energy. JRC-Institute for Energy. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009.

• Nuclear Knowledge Management in Europe. Böck, H.; Khan, R.; Villa, M. EU Project Contract no. FP6-036414.

• Nuclear Education and Training: Cause for Concern? Nuclear Energy Agency-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

• Nuclear Energy in Lithuania: Nuclear Safety. Annual Report 2008. Vilnius: StateNuclear Power Safety Inspectorate (VATESI), 2008.

• Nuclear Energy in Finland. Ministry of Employment and the Economy.

• Nuclear Power Reactors in the World. International Atomic Energy Agency publication, 2010.

• Nucleonica Web Portal. Transactions. Nest. European Nuclear Society, 2008.

• Research Activities in Nuclear Physics in Belgium. Heyde, K. Universiteit Gent, 2005.

• Research and Test Facilities Required in Nuclear Science and Technology. Nuclear Energy Agency-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2009.

• Role of Education in knowledge management, The. Transactions. Nest. European Nuclear Society, 2008.

• Training programmes for industry. Transactions. Nest. European Nuclear Society, 2008.

• ENEN Website

• Status and Trends in Nuclear Education. IAEA Nuclear Energy Series Nr. NG-T-6.1, 2011.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This report has been reviewed internally by staff from the JRC’s Institute for Energy and externally by the Senior Advisory Group (SAG) of the European Human Resource Observatory in the Nuclear Energy Sector (EHRO-N). We would like to acknowledge therefore the following persons for their contribution:

Internal

Elio d’Agata, Ralf Ahlstrand, Luca Ammirabile, Antonio Ballesteros, Christiane Bruynooghe, Anca Costescu-Badea, Bernhard Elsing, Martin Giersch, Ferenc Gillemot, Vladimir Krsjak, Alexander

Kryukov, Jhon Lindt, Artur Muehleisen, Radek Novotny, Mikolaj Oettingen, Vesselina Ranguelova, Ynte Stockmann, Miodrag Strucic, Ulla Vuorio, Anastasius Youtsos, Stanislovas Ziedelis

SAG Members of EHRO-N

Ute Blohm-Hieber, David Gilchrist, Georges van Goethem, Andreas Hamann, Luc van Hoenacker, Simonne Henrard, Joachim Knebel, Jürgen Krone, Ludger Mohrbach, Brian Murphy, Eckhard Nithack, Francisco Sanchez, Anselm Schäfer, Vladimir Slugen, Laurent Turpin, Yanko Yanev

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ABSTRACT

The petroleum crisis in 1973 caused public opinion to swing in favour of the development of nuclear energy, since this did not depend on the imports of oil, and the costs of nuclear energy were becoming more and more economic. However, the accidents of Three Mile Island in 1979 and Chernobyl in 1986 caused a significant reduction in the support for nuclear energy leading to the construction of all new nuclear power stations in Europe being stopped.

The decrease of acceptance for nuclear energy has had a significant effect on education in the nuclear field, especially at the higher educational level since there was no longer the need for new human resources in the nuclear industry. This has led to a reduction in student numbers in courses related to nuclear energy, which in turn has led to the SUPPLY of human resources to the nuclear industry being reduced.

One of the aims of this report is to inform students about the higher educational opportunities in the nuclear field available to them across Europe, so that they can make an educated choice of a field to study and consider working in the nuclear sector. This report also provides a mapping of what is happening in the educational and research institutions in the nuclear field in the EU-27. This is intended to help academia and industry to know about the different initiatives, to be complementary to each other and to collaborate for a continuous improvement of nuclear safety and security.

In short, this report makes a contribution that allows both the SUPPLY institutions of human resources to the nuclear industry and the DEMAND stakeholders of these human resources to be aware of the existence of each other, to make contact, so that they can collaborate in making improvements in this sector.

The report gives factual information for each of the countries of the EU relating to the situation with respect to nuclear power, the higher educational opportunities available and the companies involved in the nuclear industry. Much of the work to produce the report was carried out before the accident occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011. It is clear that this has led to a change in public opinion so that the support for nuclear power has reduced significantly. In addition, the future of the operating nuclear power plants and the need to build additional ones is being reconsidered by the governments in some countries. However, the factual information presented in the report describes the situation relating to nuclear power in each of the countries, the higher educational opportunities available and the companies involved in the nuclear industry.

The contents of this report will be published and updated on the website of EHRO-N at http://ehron.jrc.ec.europa.eu.

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JRC Reference Report

Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

European Commission

EUR 25160 – Joint Research Centre – Institute for Energy and Transport

Title: Mapping of Nuclear Education Possibilities and Nuclear Stakeholders in the EU-27

Authors: Maria Alicia Lacal Molina, Ulrik von Estorff

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union

2012 – 144 pp. – 21.0 x 29.7 cm

EUR – Scientific and Technical Research series – ISSN 1018-5593 (print), ISSN 1831-9424 (online)

ISBN 978-92-79-22715-8 (PDF)

ISBN 978-92-79-22714-1 (print)

doi:10.2790/41101

Abstract

The petroleum crisis in 1973 caused public opinion to swing in favour of the development of nuclear energy, since this did not

depend on the imports of oil, and the costs of nuclear energy were becoming more and more economic. However, the accidents of

Three Mile Island in 1979 and Chernobyl in 1986 caused a significant reduction in the support for nuclear energy leading to the

construction of all new nuclear power stations in Europe being stopped.

The decrease of acceptance for nuclear energy has had a significant effect on education in the nuclear field, especially at the higher

educational level since there was no longer the need for new human resources in the nuclear industry. This has led to a reduction

in student numbers in courses related to nuclear energy, which in turn has led to the SUPPLY of human resources to the nuclear

industry being reduced.

One of the aims of this report is to inform students about the higher educational opportunities in the nuclear field available to

them across Europe, so that they can make an educated choice of a field to study and consider working in the nuclear sector. This

report also provides a mapping of what is happening in the educational and research institutions in the nuclear field in the EU-27.

This is intended to help academia and industry to know about the different initiatives, to be complementary to each other and to

collaborate for a continuous improvement of nuclear safety and security.

In short, this report makes a contribution that allows both the SUPPLY institutions of human resources to the nuclear industry and

the DEMAND stakeholders of these human resources to be aware of the existence of each other, to make contact, so that they can

collaborate in making improvements in this sector.

The report gives factual information for each of the countries of the EU relating to the situation with respect to nuclear power, the

higher educational opportunities available and the companies involved in the nuclear industry. Much of the work to produce the

report was carried out before the accident occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011. It is clear that this

has led to a change in public opinion so that the support for nuclear power has reduced significantly. In addition, the future of the

operating nuclear power plants and the need to build additional ones is being reconsidered by the governments in some countries.

However, the factual information presented in the report describes the situation relating to nuclear power in each of the countries,

the higher educational opportunities available and the companies involved in the nuclear industry.

The contents of this report will be published and updated on the website of EHRO-N at http://ehron.jrc.ec.europa.eu.

LD-N

A-25160-EN-N

As the Commission’s in-house science service, the Joint Research Centre’s mission is to provide EU poli-cies with independent, evidence-based scientific and technical support throughout the whole policy cycle.

Working in close cooperation with policy Directorates-General, the JRC addresses key societal challenges while stimulating innovation through developing new standards, methods and tools, and sharing and transferring its know-how to the Member States and international community.

Key policy areas include: environment and climate change; energy and transport; agriculture and food security; health and consumer protection; information society and digital agenda; safety and security including nuclear; all supported through a cross-cutting and multi-disciplinary approach.