Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Challenges in Marine Biodiversity and Biodiscovery.
Roberto G. S. Berlinck(Instituto de Química de São Carlos - Universidade de São Paulo)
JAPAN-BRAZIL SYMPOSIUM ON RESEARCH COLLABORATION15th – 16st March 2013, Tokyo (東京)
~ 8,500 km
“Amazônia Azul”Brazil: a country of continental dimensions
Contextualization of Marine Biodiversity and Biodiscovery Research in Brazil
Marine Biology
Biotechnology
Sources: Fundação Universidade do Rio Grande (FURG) - http://www.furg.br/ciencias.marinhas/ISI Web of Science
Marine Biodiscovery
Only 14 articles referring to “marine biotechnology” in keywords havebeen published by Brazilian researchers between 2000 and 2012.
Three Most cited
Clementino, MM. et al. (2008) Extremophiles., 12, 595-604. (11 citations)
Rodrigues, JAG. (2011) Acta Scient.-Technol., 33, 137-144. (7 citations)
Costa-Lotufo, L.V. et al. (2009) Quimica Nova, 32, 703-716. (6 citations)
Marine Biodiversity
167 articles referring to “marine biodiversity” in keywords have beenpublished by Brazilian researchers between 2000 and 2012.
Three Most cited
Schipper, J. et al. (2008), Science, 322, 225-230. (237 citations)
Hoorn, C. et al. (2010), Science, 330, 927-931. (112 citations)
Floeter, S. R. et al. (2010), J. Biogeogr., 35, 22-47. (90 citations)
Biotechnological products from the marine environment
Source: Teixeira, V.L. (2010)
Marine algae: alginates, agar, carragenaans
- 55,000 tons/year US$ 585 million dollars net value: US$ 5,6 Billion/year
87 Marine Biotech Companies over the World
Leading research centers on Marine Biotechnology
Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine (http://cmbb.ucsd.edu/)
Scripps Institution of Oceanography - USA
GeoMarine Biotechnologies (www.geomarinebiotech.com) – India
Center of Applied Marine Biotechnology (www.cambie.ie) – Ireland
Center of Excellence in Biomedical and Marine Biotechnology
(www.floridabiotech.org) - USA
Marine Biotechnology Research Centre (www.crbm-mbrc.com/index.php?lang=en)
Canada
Marine Biotechnology in Brazil until 2010
Sectorial Plan of Ocean Resources (VI PSRM)
Interministerial Comission for Ocean Resources (CIRM)
Executive Committee for the Assessment and Evaluation of the Biotechological Potencial of Marine Biodiversity (Biomar) since 2005
Source: Teixeira, V.L. (2010)
National Policy Proposal
1. Evaluate biotechnological potential of marine organisms
2. Establish conditions for feasibility
3. Provide expertise for supervision
4. Establish steering committees for scientific assessment
Marine Biotechnology in Brazil until 2010
Sectorial Plan of Ocean Resources (VI PSRM)
Interministerial Comission for Ocean Resources (CIRM).
Executive Committee for the Assessment and Evaluation of the Biotechological Potencial of Marine Biodiversity (Biomar) since 2005
Source: Teixeira, V.L. (2010)
New Pharmaceuticals discovery
Development of biological technologies to identify ecological stress
environment protection
Development of molecular tools to identify emerging diseases in marine animals
fisheries and marine resources protection
Development of molecular tools for rapid diagnosis to garantee food resources
Source: Teixeira, V.L. (2010)
238 Researchers
Regions with the largest number of research groups on marine biotechnology
Marine Biotechnology in Brazil
89 research groups – 11 on natural products chemistry
Source: Teixeira, V.L. (2010)
238 Researchers
Regions with the largest number of research groups on marine biotechnology
Marine Biotechnology in Brazil
52 research groups – 5 on natural products chemistry
Source: Teixeira, V.L. (2010)
238 Researchers
Regions with the largest number of research groups on marine biotechnology
Marine Biotechnology in Brazil
44 research groups – 3 on natural products chemistry
~ 8,500 km
“Amazônia Azul”Brazil: a country of continental dimensions
34,622 km coastline
6th largest in the world
CanadaIndonesiaGreenlandRussiaPhillipines
Source: Professor Nobuhiro Fusetani (retired from the University of Tokyo)
Number of publications in Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Fonte: SCImago Journal & Country Rank - http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php
JapanX
Brazil
Number of publications in Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Miscellaneous)
Fonte: SCImago Journal & Country Rank - http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php
JapanX
Brazil
Number of publications in Animal Science and Zoology
Fonte: SCImago Journal & Country Rank - http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php
BrazilX
Japan
Number of publications in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Número de publicações em oceanografia
Fonte: SCImago Journal & Country Rank - http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php
JapanX
Brazil
Number of citations/article in Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Fonte: SCImago Journal & Country Rank - http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php
JapanX
Brazil
Number of citations/article in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Fonte: SCImago Journal & Country Rank - http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php
BrazilX
Japan
Fonte: ISI – Web of Science - http://apps.isiknowledge.com/
Research in Marine Sciences – Japan x Brazil
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pesquisa Ciencias Marinhas/Brasil
pesquisas ciências marinhas/Japan
Fonte: ISI – Web of Science - http://apps.isiknowledge.com/
Research on Marine Algae – Brazil x Japan
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Marine algae/Brasil
marine algae/Japan
Fonte: ISI – Web of Science - http://apps.isiknowledge.com/
Research on Marine Bacteria – Japan x Brazil
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Marine Bacteri*/Brasil
marine bacteri*/Japan
Fonte: ISI – Web of Science - http://apps.isiknowledge.com/
Research on Marine Sponges – Japan x Brazil
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Marine Sponge/Brasil
marine sponge/Japan
Fonte: ISI – Web of Science - http://apps.isiknowledge.com/
Marine Natural Products – Japan x Brazil
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
marine natural product*/Brasil
marine natural product*/Japan
Scientific Output and Visibility
Fonte: SCImago Journal & Country Rank - http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php
0
50
100
150
200
250
1A 1B 1C 1D 2
CNPq research fellowships
Fonte: Plataforma Lattes
Profile of Researchers Developing Projects on Marine Sciences in Brazil
Source: Plataforma Lattes
Profile of investigators developing research in marine biotechnology (Brazil)
0
1
2
3
bolsistas nível 1 bolsistas nível 2
CNPq research fellowships
Brazil
Area: 248.808,8 km2
SP coastline accounts for 622 Km
Research on Marine Biodiversity and Biodiscovery at Sao Paulo State
Marine Protected Areas
2009 (MPA): 52% area –sustainable use (Nagoya aim is for 10% of MPA)
Biota-FAPESP Program: Time Line
1999: BIOTA- FAPESP, The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity
2009: 10 years - Planning for the next 10 years
Gaps: research on marine biodiversityeducation transposition
http://www.fapesp.br/biota/10scienceplan.pdf
Marine Biodiversity Specific Goals:
• a) spatial-temporal studies of mangroves, as a key ecosystem, and of other marine environments;
• b) determine and monitor populations;
• c) use data generated to improve biodiversity conservation policies;
• d) identify endangered species, mapping their occurrence, status of the population and actions to reduce their extinction risk;
• e) identify invasive species, monitoring their occurrence, expansion rate and implement control actions;
• f) stimulate bioprospection of marine organisms, as a potential source of new lead-molecules of economic interest.
• g) training of taxonomists for key taxa;
• h) Education and science outreach
Marine biodiversity:
Inventory, taxonomy, isolation (biological and
culture collections)
-Isolating and identifying coastal phytoflagellates.
-Red algae taxonomy (DNA barcoding), culture
collection
-Brachyura taxonomy
-Cnidaria taxonomy
-Squid taxonomy
Marine biodiversity specific goals:
• a) spatial-temporal studies of mangroves, as a key ecosystem, and of other marine environments;
Uca burgersi Holthuis, 1967.
Foto: Aline S. Benetti
U. rapax
U. victoriana
U. victoriana
0,25 µm
br
cN
1
23
cp
p
aop
ba
op
ai
Uca maracoani
Ultrastructure of spermatozoa
of the genus Uca
Spermatophore, spermatozoa
A. S. Benetti
Marine biodiversity specific goals:
• b) determine and monitor populations;
• Inventory of species (update)
• Taxonomic revisions
• Life cycle of some species
• Factors affecting asexual reproduction
• Protocols for keeping species in
laboratory
• Seasonal patterns of occurrence
• Reproductive patterns
• Feeding behaviour
A. C. Morandini
Marine biodiversity specific goals:
• c) use data generated to improve biodiversity conservation policies;
- Inventory surveys (rare, invasive, etc)
- Squids population dynamics and distribution
- Fisheries and human dimensions
- Sustainable use of resources
Gracilaria caudataA. Migotto, MA Gasalla
Marine biodiversity specific goals:
• d) identify endangered species, mapping their occurrence, status of the population and actions to reduce their extinction risk;
• e) identify invasive species, monitoring their occurrence, expansion rate and implement control actions;
Source of basic information: Inventories, taxonomy, population
genetics, etc.
Cassiopea
Marine biodiversity specific goals:• f) stimulate bioprospection of marine organisms, as a potential
source of new lead-molecules of economic interest.
Main products - Didactic materials S. Ursi
- Expositon “Underwater Trail at Schools” 20 posters + microscopic observation + “curiosity cabinet” + games
All materials focus on marine environment and its biodiversity and conservation
- 20 Lesson plans Biota Neotropica articles as knowledge source
Material elaborated at graduation discipline in 2010-2011
- Site dissemination of some materials: www.botanicaonline.com.br
Education and science outreach
Challenges
• Lack of integration among FAPESP
programs (Biota, Bioen & Climate Change)
• Low integration between selected projects
• Absence of a database of previous projects
and publications (non Biota)
• Short term projects
• MAP of marine biodiversity
Suggestions
• Larger integration between SinBIOTA and OBIS
(submission of data to SinBiota would connect
directly to OBIS) – previous projects already in OBIS
(via SinBiota) up to now individual actions
109 records
estimated
distribution
Suggestions
Coordination of efforts for collecting
larger expeditions
End of 2011 (FAPESP): research ship Alpha Crucis (64 m)
Suggestions
• Ocean and marine planning (committee with
researchers from the selected projects)
• update inventories of marine species
• identification guides
• new methodologies (morphology, histology, biology)
• aggregate data from different projects in
educational approach
• digital material for basic education
Perspectives and Necessities
- Increase the number of scientificresearchers dedicated to marine biodiversity and biodiscoveryresearch
- Increase in funding support
- Stimuli to new, emerging groups
- Address problems and questionsrelated to the Brazilian marine environment
- Commitment with a sustainablemanagement of marine resources
ありがとうございます
Thank you very much