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Map Skills UnitNote taking unit
Introduction● To learn about the Earth, we are going to learn about two
geographic tools you can use….globes and maps.
Globe● A globe is a round model of the planet Earth as if seeing it from
outer space. A globe is round and shows the continents and oceans.
● Globes show the shape, lands, and directions as they truly relate to one another.
Parts of a GlobeEvery globe has several important features
● Continents & Oceans● Poles● Equator● Prime Meridian● Zero Point● Hemispheres● Lines of latitude and longitude● Tropics
Each feature serves a purpose...let’s check them out!
Continents & OceansThe continents and oceans show the land and water coverage of the world.
Poles● The North and South Poles are the points where
the Earth rotates on its Axis.● All lines of longitude meet at the Poles● The North Pole is not part of any country but in the
international waters of the Arctic Ocean. ● The South Pole is located on the continent of
Antarctica
Equator● The equator is the imaginary line that runs east and west around the exact middle of the Earth.● It is found at 0° latitude
Prime Meridian● Is the imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole through Greenwich,
England.● It is found at 0° longitude.● This imaginary line runs through the United Kingdom, France, Spain, western Africa, and
Antarctica.
Zero Point● Zero Point is the spot where the equator
and prime meridian intersect. ● This is where all degrees of latitude and
longitude begin.
Hemispheres● The equator and prime
meridian divide the Earth into four hemispheres, the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western
● The equator divides the Northern & Southern hemispheres.
● The prime meridian divides the Eastern & Western hemispheres.
Latitude and Longitude● On many maps you see
crisscrossing lines with numbers by them. These lines and numbers form a grid system that allows us to describe the absolute, or exact, location of any place on Earth.
● Together, lines of latitude and longitude form a grid system called the coordinate system.
LatitudeThe lines running east to west around
the Earth are called lines of latitude. They measure degrees north and south of the equator.
Longitude● The lines running north
to south around the Earth are called lines
of longitude.
They measure degrees east and west of the
Prime Meridian.
TropicsThe tropics are the most northern & southern points on
Earth that receives direct sunlight.Tropic of Cancer
● Northern Tropic● 23.5° N latitude
Tropic of Capricorn● Southern Tropic● 23.5° S latitude
Map● A map is a model of the
Earth shown on a flat surface. Maps are useful because you can carry them with you.
● Let’s look at a map more closely…
Elements of a mapEvery map has six important elements:
● Title● Map Key/Legend● Compass Rose● Scale● Inset Map● Locator
Each element has a purpose...let’s check it out!
Map Title● The map title tells you the
purpose of the map.● It also informs you what
type of map you are reading.
● It tells you the subject of the map and helps you identify what type of map you are studying
Map Key/Legend● �The legend or map key will tell you
what the symbols on a map mean.● �For example, the map key might tell
you that a dot stands for a city.● �The key might also indicate that a
black line represents a state border.● �It might show you how to identify a
river with a blue line.
Compass Rose● The compass rose is a
direction marker, that displays the cardinal and intermediate directions on a map.○ Cardinal directions - North,
South, East, & West○ Intermediate directions -
Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest
Scale● �The map scale is used to
show the relationship of distance shown on the map to real distance on the Earth.
● The scale is shown in both standard and metric measurements and show distance between objects on the map.
Inset Map● An inset map is a
smaller map that shows more detail of a section on a larger map
Locator● The locator is a
small map or globe that appears on maps and show where the map is located on Earth
Types of Maps● Different cartographers (map-makers) use different
map projections.● Another reason for this difference is that maps can be
created to represent different features of the same places.
Political Map● Maps that show countries,
states, cities, and capitals are known as political maps.
● On political maps boundary lines show the extent of an area’s territory or political influence.
Physical Map● Physical maps
show physical features of the Earth such as, mountains, rivers, oceans, and forests.
Vegetation Map● Vegetation Maps
show the different types of plants that are in an area.
Historical Map● Maps that show parts
of the world as they were in the past are known as Historical Maps.
Contour Map● A Contour Map is used to
show varying elevations of a place.
● These maps use a series of circles to show the contour and elevation.