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Map Reading I
Purpose
To lay the groundwork for successful map reading and land navigation by exposing the cadet to basic information, significant
color coding, and terrain features used on maps.
Map Reading I
Colors (x6)
BLACK: Man-made features (Buildings, roads, grid-lines)
RED-BROWN: cultural features (contour lines)
BLUE: Water features (Lakes, swamps and rivers)
BROWN: Relief features and elevation on older or red-light
readable maps (contour lines and cultivated land)
GREEN: Vegetation (forest, woods, brush, orchards)
RED: Man-made features (populated areas, major highway
roads, boundaries on older maps)
Map Reading I
Contour Lines & Interval
1. Check contour interval
2. Find given elevation
3. Determine direction of slope
4. Count contour intervals.
Change in ELEVATION
Map Reading I
Contour Lines & Interval
Lines that are farther apart (interval) = GENTLE GENTLE SLOPE
Map Reading I
Major Terrain Features(x 5)
1. Hill.2. Valley.3. Ridge.4. Saddle.5. Depression.
H iddenV alleyR anchS aladD ressing
Map Reading I
Hill: An area of high ground
- Concentric circles. The center of the smallest circle is the hilltop.
Major Terrain Features1 of 5
Map Reading I
Major Terrain Features3 of 5
Valley: a stretched‑out groove in the land, usually formed by streams or rivers.
- U or V shaped contour lines. High ground on 3 sides usually with water flowing in the middle. V or U points upstream.
Valley
Map Reading I
Major Terrain Features4 of 5
Ridge: This is a sloping line of high ground.
- low ground in three directions and high ground in one direction. Contour lines tend to be U‑shaped or V‑shaped. The closed end of the contour line points to lower ground
Map Reading I
Major Terrain Features2 of 5
Saddle: Low point between 2 areas of high ground
- hour glass or figure eight contour lines.
X
Map Reading I
Major Terrain Features5 of 5
Depression: This is a low point in the ground.
- Low ground or sink hole. Closed contour lines that have tick marks pointing toward low ground.
Map Reading I
Minor Terrain Features1 of 3Draw: a less developed stream course than a
valley. There is essentially no level ground .
- contour lines depicting a draw are U‑shaped or V‑shaped,- pointing toward high ground.
Map Reading I
Minor Terrain Features2 of 3
Spur: a short, continuous sloping line of higher ground, normally jutting out from the side of a ridge.
- Contour lines depict the U or V pointing away from high- ground.
Map Reading I
Minor Terrain Features3 of 3
Cliff: a vertical or near vertical feature.
- Contour line converge together into one “Carrying” contour. The last contour has tick marks pointing towards low ground. Sometimes depicted by contours running very close or touching.
Map Reading I
Supplementary Terrain Features
Cut or Fill: a man‑made feature resulting from cutting through high ground or filling low ground.
- Contour line extends the length of the cut (tick marks point to roadbed) and fill (tick marks point away from roadbed).
Map Reading I
Practical Exercise Key
1. HILL 2. VALLEY 3. RIDGE 4. SADDLE 5. DEPRESSION
6. DRAW 7. SPUR 8. CLIFF 9. CUT 10. FILL
Map Reading I
Summary
Purpose Marginal Information Colors (x6) Terrain Features
Major Minor Supplementary
Map Reading I
Conclusion
Knowing how to read and understand maps are valuable skills that can strengthen your
awareness, credibility as a leader, and help you standout
among your peers.