MAP OF BULGARIA BLACK SEA

MAP OF BULGARIABLA

CK

SEA

CORPUS OF ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTSIN MODERN BULGARIA

Volume I

ROMAN CITIES IN BULGARIA

Edited by RUMEN IVANOV

The present edition is sponsored by Scientific Investigations

Fund at the Ministry of Education, Youth and Science.


Volume I


Edited by RUMEN IVANOV

BULGARIA • SOFIA • 2012

© Rumen Teofilov Ivanov, editor, 2012© Brendan Mc Gonagle, translator, 2012© Teodora Petrova Nedyalkova, translator, 2012© Radoslav Radoslavov Marinov, graphic design, 2012© Professor Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, 2012

ISBN 978-954-322-507-1

Bulgaria is located at the crossroads of different civilizations and cultures – Thracian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Bulgarian. Today we can see the ruins of hundreds of settlements from various ages, which existed through times of grandeur and decay. In three volumes we will focus on the most impor-tant among them in order to familiarize readers with the ancient past of these Balkan lands.

In Volume one Ulpia Oescus (present-day Gigen), Durostorum (Silistra), Nicopolis ad Istrum (Niky-up), Abritus (Razgrad), Serdica (Sofia), Pautalia (Kyustendil), Nicopolis ad Nestum (Garmen), Philip-popolis (Plovdiv), Diocletianopolis (Hissarya), Augusta Traiana/Beroe (Stara Zagora), and Mesambria Pontica (Nesebar) will be presented.

Volume two will encompass the great Thracian royal residence at Kozi Gramadi (near Hissarya) and the city of Seutopolis (by Kazanlak). The old Greek polis –Anchialos (Pomorie), the Roman cities Rati-aria (Archar), Marcianopolis, Montana (fort and minicipium), Parthikopolis (by Sanadanski), Bulgarian capital in the Middle Ages – Veliko Tarnovo, Bdin (Vidin), Hotalich (by Sevlievo, Sostra (near Troyan).

Volume three will consider the Black Sea poleis Dionysopolis (Balchik), Odessos (Varna) and Apol-lonia Pontica – Sozopolis (Sozopol), the medieval capitals – Pliska, Preslav, and other settlements, Novae, Iatru s, Melnik, etc).

V

Prof. Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House at the Bulgarian Aca-demy of Sciences plans to include in its publishing program Corpus of Thracian Centers and Residences, Greek Poleis along the West Black Sea coast, Roman, Late Roman and Early Byzantine cities, as well as of the Bulgarian medieval capitals and more major settlements within the mo-dern territory of the Republic of Bulgaria.

The current plan is the Corpus to be released in three volumes and about thirty-five cities to be published in it.

In this work we have emphasized on eleven urban centers on both sides of the Balkan Mountains; they all belong to the chronological range be-tween the 1st and the beginning of the 7th c. AD. Four of them are located in present-day Northern Bulgaria and seven are in Southern Bulgaria. They belong to the Roman provinces of Moesia Inferior (Ulpia Oescus, Durostorum, Abritus, Nicopolis ad Istrum) and of neighbouring Thracia (Serdica, Philippopolis, Augusta Traia na, Mesambria Pontica, Pautalia, Nicopolis ad Nestum and Late Roman Diocle tia nopolis), and afterwards they fall in the new provinces since the end of the 3rd century and on – in the new pro vinces since the end of the 3rd century – Moesia Secunda, Da-cia Mediterranea, Thracia in the diocese of Thracia, Rhodopa/Rhodope and Haemimontus. We have paid attention exclusively to their location and the chronicle of research; to their turbulent history, road network, architecture and urban-planning (street network, water supply and sew-erage, squares, buildings of public, religious and private purposes); to ethnic composition and religion of the population; to necropoles and set-tlement continuity.

All authors are members of the teams studying these sites. This work aims to attract the interest of foreign experts in ancient ar-

chaeology and ancient history, as well as that of students and amateurs who are interested in these subjects.

Sofia, October 2011 Professor Rumen Teofilov Ivanov

CORPUS OF ANCIENT (THRACIAN, GREEK, ROMAN)AND MEDIEVAL CITIES IN PRESENT-DAY BULGARIA


VI

M A P S

Map of the Roman provinces Lower Moesia and Thrace during the Principate (after R. Ivanov)

VII

M A P S

Map of the provinces in Late Antiquity in the Southeastern part of the Balkan Peninsula (after V. Velkov and R. Ivanov)

VIII

M A P S

IX

M A P S

MAP OF THE LOWER DANUBE FRONTIER DURING

THE PRINCIPATE AND LATE ANTIQUITY

After R. Ivanov, 1997

X

C O N T E N T S

ABBREVIATIONS XII

COLONIA ULPIA OESCENSIUM Rumen Ivanov 1

DUROSTORUM – CASTA, CANABAE, MUNICIPIUM, VICIRumen Ivanov 45

NICOPOLIS AD HAEMUM / NICOPOLIS AD ISTRUMRumen Ivanov 109

ABRITUS / ABRITTUS Rumen Ivanov 155

SERDICA / SERDIKA Nadezhda Kirova 199

XI

C O N T E N T S

PAUTALIA Vesselka Katsarova 261

NICOPOLIS AD NESTUM / MESTUM Svetla Petrova 289

PHILIPPOPOLISIvo Topalilov 363

DIOCLETIANOPOLISMitko Madzharov 439

AUGUSTA TRAIANA / BEROE Rumen Ivanov 467

MESAMBRIA PONTICA in orbis Romanus Hristo Preshlenov 493

INDEX 537

XII

AAP Архитектурен и археологически резерват (Architectural and Archaeological Preserve)АИМ Археологически институт с музей (БАН), София (Archaeological Institute with Museum (BAS), Sofia)АИНМ Археологически известия на Народния музей, София (Archaeological Procee dings of the National Museum, Sofia)AMП Археологически музей Пловдив (Plovdiv Archaeological Museum)АОР Археологически открития и разкопки (Archaeological Discoveries and Excavations)БАН Българска академия на наукитe (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences)БИБ Българска историческа библиотека, София (Bulgarian Historical Library, Sofia)ВИСб Военно-исторически сборник, София (Military and Historical Symposium, Sofia)ГАИМ Годишник на Археологическия институт с музей, София (Annual of the Archaeological Institute with Museum, Sofia)ГАМП Годишник на Археологическия музей – Пловдив (Annual of the Archaeological Museum of Plovdiv)ГДА НБУ Годишник на департамент Археология при Нов български университет,

София (Annual of Department of Archaeology at New Bulgarian University, Sofia)ГДСИИ-НБУ Годишник на департамента по средиземноморска история и изкуство, Нов

български университет (Annual of Department of Mediterranean History and Art, New Bulgarian

University) ГИБИ, ІІ, 1958: Гръцки извори за Българската история, ІІ. – София 1958 (Greek Sources on Bulgarian History, II. – Sofia 1958)ГИБИ, ІІІ, 1960: Гръцки извори за българската история, ІІІ. – София 1960 (Greek Sources on Bulgarian History, III. – Sofia 1960)ГМПО Годишник на музеите в Пловдивски окръг (Annual of the Museums in Plovdiv Region)ГМСБ Годишник на музеите в Северна България (Annual of the Museums in Northern Bulgaria)ГНАМ Годишник на Националния археологически музей, София (Annual of the National Archaeological Museum, Sofia)ГНАМП Годишник на Народния археологически музей в Пловдив (Annual of the National Archaeological Museum in Plovdiv)ГНИПК Годишник на Националния институт за паметници на културата (Annual of the National Institute of Cultural Monuments)ГНМ Годишник на Народния музей, София (Annual of the National Museum, Sofia)ГНПМ Годишник на Народния пловдивски музей (Annual of the National Museum of Plovdiv)ГПНБМ Годишник на Пловдивската народната библиотека и музей (Annual of the National Library and Museum of Plovdiv)

A B B R E V I A T I O N S

XIII


ГРАМП Годишник на Регионалния археологически музей – Пловдив (Annual of the Regional Archaeological Museum of Plovdiv)ГСУ ГГФ Годишник на Софийския университет, Геолого-географски Факултет (Annual of the University of Sofia, Faculty of Geology and Geography)ГСУ ИФ Годишник на Софийския университет, Исторически факултет (Annual of the University of Sofia, Faculty of History)ГСУ ИФФ Годишник на Софийския университет, Историко-философски (Annual of the University of Sofia, Faculty of History and Philosophy)ГСУ ФЗФ Годишник на Софийския университет, Факултет по западни филологии

(Annual of the University of Sofia, Faculty of Western Philology) ГСУ ФКНФ Годишник на Софийския университет, Факултет по класически и нови

филологии (Annual of the University of Sofia, Faculty of Classic and New Philology)ГСУ ФФ Годишник на Софийския университет, Филологически факултет (Annual of the University of Sofia, Faculty of Philology)Енциклопедия (2006) Енциклопедия на изобразителните изкуства в България, т. 3, София 2006

(Encyclopedia of fine arts in Bulgaria, vol. 3, Sofia 2006)ИАИ Известия на археологическия институт, София (Proceedings of the Archaeological Institute, Sofia)ИАИМ Известия на Археологическия институт с музей, София (Proceedings of the Archaeological Institute with Museum, Sofia)ИБАД Известия на българското археологическо дружество, София (Proceedings of the Bulgarian Archaeological Society, Sofia)ИБАИ Известия на българския археологически институт, София (Proceedings of the Bulgarian Archaeological Institute, Sofia)ИБИД Известия на българското историческо дружество, София (Proceedings of the Bulgarian Historical Society, Sofia)ИВАД Известия на Варненското археологическо дружество (Proceedings of the Archaeological Society of Varna)ИИ Интердисциплинарни изследвания, НАИМ-София (Interdisciplinary studies, NAIM-Sofia)ИИД Известия на историческото дружество, София (Proceedings of the Historical Society, Sofia)ИИМ ВТ Известия на Историческия музей Велико Търново (Proceedings of the Historical Museum of Veliko Tarnovo)ИИМ СЗ Известия на Историческия музей – Стара Загора (Proceedings of the Historical Museum of Stara Zagora)ИИМК Известия на Историческия музей Кюстендил (Proceedings of the Historical Museum of Kyustendil)ИМ Исторически музей (Historical Museum)ИМСЗБ Известия на музеите в Северозападна България, София, Враца (Proceedings of the Museums in North-western Bulgaria, Sofia, Vratsa)ИМЮБ Известия на музеите в Южна България (Proceedings of the Museums in Southern Bulgaria)ИМЮИБ Известия на музеите в Югоизточна България (Proceedings of the Museums in South-eastern Bulgaria)

XIV

ИНИМ Известия на Националния исторически музей, София (Proceedings of the National Historical Museum, Sofia)ИНМВ Известия на Народния музей Варна (Proceedings of the National Museum of Varna)ИПр Исторически преглед, София (Historical Review, Sofia)ИРАИК Известия Русского археологического института в Константинопле (Proceedings of the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople)ИРИМ Известия на РИМ, Русе (Proceedings of RHM, Ruse)ИРИМ ВТ Известия на Регионалния исторически музей – Велико Търново (Proceedings of the Regional Historical Museum of Veliko Tarnovo)ИСИГТМ Извори за старата история и география на Тракия и Македония. София

1949 (Sources on the Ancient History and Geography of Thrace and Macedonia, Sofia

1949)ИСИПТ ИФ СУ Институт по Стара история, палеобалканистика и тракология. Исторически

факултет, Софийски университет (Institute of Ancient History, Paleo-Balkanic Studies and Thracology. Depart-

ment of History, University of Sofia)ИСТИГА Известия на Секцията по теория и история на градоустройството и архитек-

турата при БАН (Proceedings of the Department of Theory and History of Urbanization and Architecture at BAS)

История на Добруджа, 1. София, 1984 (History of Dobrudzha, 1, Sofia)ЛИБИ 1960: Латински извори за българската история. ІІ, София 1960 (Latin Sources on Bulgarian History. II, Sofia 1960.)МИС Музей за история на София (Museum of History of Sofia)МПК Сп. Музеи и паметници на културата (Museums and Cultural Monuments Journal)НА/АИМ Научен архив на Археологически институт с музей – София (Research Archives of the Archaeological Institute with Museum – Sofia)НА/БАН Научен архив на Българската академия на науките, София (Research Archives of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia)НАИМ Национален археологически институт с музей при БАН (бивш АИМ) (National Archaeological Institute with Museum at BAS, Sofia (former AIM)НБУ Нов български университет, София (New Bulgarian University, Sofia)НЕК Несебър Научно-експедиционен клуб Несебър (към UNESCO) (Scientific and Expedition Club Nessebur (at UNESCO)НСЕ Нумизматика, сфрагистика и епиграфика, София (Numismatics, Sphragistics and Epigraphy, Sofia)ОК Окръжна конференция (Regional Conference)РП Разкопки и проучвания (НАИМ) (Excavations and Studies (NAIM)


XV

РИМ Регионален исторически музей (Regional Historical Museum)CA Советская археология, Москва (Soviet Archaeology, Moscow)СБЕ Списание Български език (Bulgarian Language Journal)СбНУНК = (МСб) Сборник народни умотворения = Министерски сборник (Collection of folklores = Minister’s collection)СИМ Софийски исторически музей (Sofia Historical Museum)Сп БАН Списание на Българската академия на науките (Journal of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences)Сп БГД Списание на българското геологическо дружество (Journal of the Bulgarian Geographic Society)Сп БИАД Списание на българското инженерно и архитектурно дружество, София

(Journal of the Bulgarian Engineer’s and Architectural Society, Sofia)СУ ГГФ Софийски университет, Геолого-географски факултет (University of Sofia, Faculty of Geology and Geography)СУ ИСИПТ Софийски университет, Институт по стара история, Палеобалканистика и

Тракология (University of Sofia, Institute of Ancient History, Paleo-Balkan Studies and Thra-

cology)СУ ИФ Софийски университет, Исторически факултет (University of Sofia, Faculty of History)ХСб Херсонесский Сборник, Севастополь (Украина) (Chersonesos Symposium, Sevastopol, Ukraine)ЮЗУ Югозападен университет, Благоевград (South-western University, Blagoevgrad)

AA Archäologischer AnzeigerAAASHung Acta archeologica Academiae scientarium Hungariacae, BudapestAAPh., StA Acta Antiqua Philippopolitana, Studia archeologica AE Année épigraphique, ParisAEM Archäologisch-epigraphische Mittheilungen aus Österreich – Ungarn – Wien AISC Anuarul Institutlui de studii clasice, ClujANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, Berlin – New YorkASMA Aarhus Studies in Mediterranean AntiquityBAR British Archaeological Reports, OxfordBonn.Jahrb. Bonner JahrbücherCIL Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum, BeroliniCorpus 1999 R. Pillinger, V. Popova, B. Zimmermann. Corpus der spätantiken und frühchrist-

lichen Wandmalereien Bulgariens. Wien 1999BRGK Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, Frankfurt a.MainBCH Buletin corespondance héléniquees, ParisBHR Bulgarian Historical Review, SofiaBSA Annual of the British School of Athens. London 1895 sqq. Athens


XVI

BCCAR Cronica cercetarilor archeologice din Romania, BucureștiDACL Dictionaire d’archéologie crétienne et liturgie, ParisDG: C. Balmelle, M. Blanchard, Lemée, J. Christophe. Le décor géometrique de la

mosaïque romaine. Répertoire graphique et descriptif des compositions liné-aires et isotropes. Paris 1985

IGBulg. G. Mihailov. Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria repertae: Vol. I (1956), II (1958), III (1961, 1963), IV (1966), I,2 (1970), V (1995), SerdicaeILBulg. B. Gerov. Inscriptiones Latinae in Bulgaria repertae (Inscriptiones inter Oescum

et Iatrum repertae. Serdicae MCMLXXXIXISM Inscripţiile din Scythia Minor, BucureştiJRGZM Jahrbuch des Römish-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, MainzJRS Journal of Roman StudiesÖAI Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, WienÖJh Österreihische Jahreshefte, WienJRA Journal of Roman ArchaeologyLCI Lexikon der Christlichen Iconographie. Rom-Freiburg-Basel-WienNovaensia Badania Ekspedycji Archeologicznej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego w Novae Novensiа Osrodek Badan Archeologicznych w Novae Universytetu Warszawskiego PIR Prosopographia Imperii Romani, BerlinPWRE = RE Paulys Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Stuttgart 1890

ff. RA Revue archéologique, ParisRatiariensia Vl. 1: Studi i materiali Mesici e Danubiani. Bologna 1980; Vol. 2: Bologna 1984;

Vol. 3-4: Atti del Convegno internazionale sul Limes, Decenalia. Widin 1985, Bologna 1987; Limes 5 (= Vol. 5) (G. C. Susini, ed.) Studii di storia. Bologna 1994.

RESEE Revue des etudes sud-est Europenes, BucarestREB Revue des études byzantines, ParisRECA Real-Encyclopedie der Christlichen Altertumer, Bd.I, MünchenRLBK Reallexikon zur byzantinische Kunst, StuttgartRPh Revue de philologie, SofiaSAUS Studia Archaeologica Universitatis SerdicensisSCIV(A) Studii şi cercetâri de istorie veche şi archeologie, BucureştiSMIMM Studii şi materiale de muzeografie şi storie militarâ. BucureştiTAB Terra antiqua Balcanica, Veliko Tarnovo, SofiaThA Thracia antiqua, SerdicaeZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bonn


562

A U T H O R S

RUMEN TEOFILOV IVANOV

Professor, Dr. habil., National Institute of Archaeology with Museum – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia.

Field of research: Roman Danube frontier, fortification systems, construction ceramics (Roman bricks and tiles with stamps), ancient cartography, street network, watersupply and sewerage.

Archaeological surveys: Nicopolis ad Istrum, Ulpia Oescus, Tryavna, Novae, Pravets etc.

NADEZHDA KIROVA

Ph.D., Museum of Sofia, Department of Roman Archaeology.

Field of research: medical tools from the Roman age, urban planning, military camps.

Archaeological surveys: Serdica, Novae.

VESSELKA KATSAROVA

Ph.D., National Institute of Archaeology with Museum – BAS – Sofia.

Field of research: urban planning and architecture, religion, arts and crafts.

Archaeological surveys: Pautalia, settlements and villages in Southeast Bulgaria.

563

A U T H O R S

MITKO MADZHAROV

Assos. Prof., Director of the Historical Museum – Hissarya.

Field of research: Roman and Early Byzantine roads, Roman baths and thermae, fortification systems.

Archaeological surveys: Diocletianopolis, Krastevich (Thracian emporion and religious center), way stations.

IVO TOPALILOV

Assos. Prof., “Konstantin Preslavski” University of Shumen.

Field of research: Ancient Philippopolis – urban planning and architecture, pagan religion, Christianity, epigraphy.

Archaeological surveys: PhilippopolisTrimontium, ancient sites in Plovdiv region.

SVETLA PETROVA


Field of research: Roman architecture, Roman roads; organizer of exhibitions focused on Antiquity.

Archaeological surveys: Nicopolis ad Nestum, colonia Flavia Pacis Deultensium, Sandanski.

HRISTO PRESHLENOV


Field of research: various aspects of economy and culture of the cities along the West Black Sea coast.

Archaeological surveys: Mesambria Pontica, colonia Flavia Pacis Deultensium, fortresses along Dyulino Pass, Burgas Region.


Volume I


Edited by Rumen Ivanov

BulgarianFirst edition

Graphic design Radoslav MarinovProofreader Borislav Kremenski

Size 60×84/8 Printer’s sheets 72.50

Printing office of the Prof. Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House1113 Sofia, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 5

www.baspress.com

ISBN 978-954-322-507-1

MAP OF BULGARIA WITH THE MAJOR CITIES AND SETTLEMENTS FROM THE ROMAN PERIOD

AND LATE ANTIQUITY

After R. Ivanov

Documents

MAP OF BULGARIA BLACK SEA