Map A: Gerhard Mercator. Virginia and Maryland, 1636

Map B: Edward Williams. A Map of Virginia, 1651.

The Pilgrimshttp://pioneersofbearddom.com/2011/11/01/the-pilgrims-2010/

Puritans and PilgrimsPuritanism originated among

Anglican Church members who thought the Reformation hadn’t rejected Roman Catholicism enough

Under Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603) the Anglican Church was free from Catholic control

The Puritans wanted to “purify” the Anglican church by removing all traces of Catholicism

What Puritans BelievedPuritans believed every

worshipper should experience God directly thru faith, prayer, & Bible study

Puritans respected their ministers as sources of religious instruction, but objected to the authority of the Anglican bishops

Some Puritans wanted to remain in the Anglican Church & reform it, but others wanted to form congregations independent of bishops’ control

Don’t Confuse Separatists With PuritansSome of those who wanted to

be independent—called Separatists-escaped from England to Holland to escape persecution

After a dozen years in Holland, the Separatists had a hard time finding jobs-and their kids were growing up Dutch

1620-A small group of families contracted with the Virginia Company, sailed to Plymouth on the Mayflower-known as Pilgrims

The Massachusetts Bay CompanyEnglish Puritans began to worry

more & more about how King Charles I ignored English law

Like Separatists, they felt increased religious persecution, political repression, & poverty

1629-Puritan leader John Winthrop & some of his well-connected friends obtained a charter for a joint-stock company

The Massachusetts Bay Company quickly began transporting Puritans to New England

Massachusetts Bay ColonySept. 1630-Winthrop

established Massachusetts Bay Colony with Boston as its capital

Soon other towns were founded, with thousands of Puritans fleeing an impending Civil War in England

In the 1st year alone, 17 ships brought 1000 men, women, & children

Eventually Plymouth colony was absorbed into Massachusetts Bay

“A City on a Hill”John Winthrop, who served 4

terms as the colony’s governor, expressed the sense of religious mission that bound the Puritans together

“We shall be as a city upon a hill,”—by which he meant the world would be watching how closely they followed God

Although Puritans made no effort to create a democracy, they divided political power

Who Had Power in Massachusetts Bay?Massachusetts Bay

Company gave the right to vote not only to stockholders but to all adult males who belonged to the Puritan church

This was 40% of the colony’s men-a large electorate by European standards in 1630

These freemen voted each year for members of the Massachusetts General Court, which in turn chose the governor

A Massachusetts Town Meeting-American democracy at work

Church and State CombinedIn Massachusetts Bay,

church & state were in a close relationship

Civic officials were members of the Puritan Church who believed they were God’s “elect” whose duty it was to carry out God’s will

Puritan laws criminalized drunkenness, swearing, theft, & idleness

Importance of the FamilyVirginia’s first settlers were

nearly all men, but the Puritans crossed the Atlantic as families

Puritans kept a watchful eye on the actions of husbands, wives, & children

If parents failed to discipline their kids, authorities might place them in a more “God-fearing” home

If a husband & wife bickered, the court might recommend marriage counseling-but if they still argued, one or both might end up in the stocks

The Founding of Rhode IslandPreacher Roger Williams

disagreed with the Puritan idea of forced religion

From his pulpit in Salem, Williams also claimed English settlers had no right to Native American land unless they paid for it

He also declared that government officials had no business punishing settlers for their religious beliefs

Kicked out of Massachusetts BayWilliams was the 1st to

advocate the separation of church & state-every person should be free to worship as he wished

The General Court ordered Williams be arrested & returned to England

Jan., 1636-Williams fled Massachusetts south to Narragansett Bay, & bought land from Indians

He set up a new colony, Rhode Island, which guaranteed religious toleration for Protestants

Anne Hutchinson BanishedAnother dissenter, Anne

Hutchinson, held Bible studies in her home

She came to believe that the Holy Spirit would enlighten the heart of every true believer

If that was the case, who needed a minister to interpret the Bible for them?

1638-Puritan leaders banished Hutchinson

She moved with 6 of her 12 children to a Dutch colony (today’s New York) which practiced religious toleration

Native Americans ResistEnglish settlers were

fanning out from Massachusetts into Connecticut & New Hampshire

Native Americans saw their lands claimed & cleared for farming

They recognized the rapid spread of the settlers meant an end to their way of life

Disputes Over LandFor every acre a colonial

farmer needed to support life, the Native Americans needed 20

They needed so much to hunt, fish, & grow food

For Native Americans, no one owned the land, but it was there for all to use

Treaties in which the Europeans gave them blankets, guns, iron tools, or ornaments, was just a temporary deal

Europeans, saw such treaties as permanent

The Pequot War

The Pequot tribe decided to take a stand against the colonistsThey formed an alliance with their old enemies, the NarragansettsMay, 1637-90 English colonists & their Native American allies surrounded

a Pequot fort & massacred the Pequot men, women, & kidsOnly a few of the 600 people inside survived

King Philip’s WarWithout land or livelihood,

many Native Americans had to work for the English to eat

They also had to obey Puritan laws such as no hunting on Sunday

Wampanoag chief Metacom bristled under these restrictions

Metacom-called King Philip by the English-organized his tribe & others into an alliance

Putting Down the WampanoagsSpring, 1675-Using hit-&-run

tactics, Native Americans attacked outlying settlements throughout New England

The brutal, destructive war went on for 2 years

Native Americans ran out of food, & were decimated by disease & heavy casualties

King Philip was killed by a bullet fired by a Native American ally of the English

The High Price of VictoryKing Philip’s head was put on

display in Plymouth for 20 years

With his defeat, Native American power in New England was gone forever

The English paid a price, too—fully 10% of all colonial adult men were killed in King Philip’s War

That’s a higher proportion of the total population than even the American Civil War

New England Colonial Expansion

Causes EffectsPersecution of Puritans

in EnglandPuritan emigration to

New England

Puritan belief in hard work

Rapid growth & success of Massachusetts Bay

Roger Williams dissenting beliefs

Rhode Island founded-separation of church &

state

Rapid colonial growth in New England

Conflict with Native Americans

Defeat of King Philip End of Native American power in New England

Causes EffectsPersecution of Puritans

in England

Puritan belief in hard work

Roger Williams dissenting beliefs

Rapid colonial growth in New England

Defeat of King Philip