Manuscrip-Human-Hair-NCR-Phy-Team.pdf

Human Hair as Reinforcement to

Cement Bonded Composite

National Capital Region

Malabon National High School

M. Naval St., Hulong Duhat Malabon City

Researchers

IAN JONATHAN P. AUSTRIA

CAMILLE M. SUMANG

LOIS EVANGELINE R. ALAG

Project Adviser

MANOLO DAVANTES

Physical Team Category

Human Hair as Reinforcement to Cement Bonded Composite 2

Table of Contents

Page Number

Abstract .. 6

Introduction . 7

Rationale 8

Statement of the Problem 10

Hypothesis 11

Scope and Delimitation . 11

Review of Related Literature .. 12

Review of Related Studies 14

Methodololgy

a. Gathering of Materials .. 15

b. Preparation of Molders . 17

c. Preparations of Replicates and Control .. 17

d. Treating of Replicates before Testing .. 19

e. Testing .. 21

Presentation and Interpretation of Data

a. Simple Crashing Test ... 25

a.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

Simple Crashing Test 29

b. Breaking Load of Flexure Test 30

b.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

Breaking Load of Flexure Test 37


Page Number

c. Compression Test . 39

c.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for Compression Test . 46

d. Water Absorption Test 48

d.1 Statistical Treatment of Hypothesis for

Water Absorption Test 53

e. Comparison of the Experimental Group to the Control Group 55

Conclusion . 58

Recommendation .. 60

Acknowledgement . 62

Bibliography .. 64


LIST OF TABLES

Table No. TITLE Page No.

1 Proportion of Components in each Replicates. 26

2 Physical Characteristics of the Replicates Before and After Testing 26

3 Result of Crashing Test of Treated Replicates Per Treatment. .. 27

4 Summary of Simple Crashing Test of Replicates

In Different Treatment... 28

5 Result of Breaking Load in Flexure Test Of Treated Replicates per Treatment .. 29

6 Summary of Result for Flexure Test of Replicates in Different Treatments ... 30

7 Result of Compression Test of Treated Replicates per Treatment .. 31

8 Summary of Compression Test of Replicates

In Different Treatment . 38

9 Result of the Compression Test of Treated Replicates Per Treatment 39

10 Summary of Swelling Test Results of Replicates in Different Treatments ... 40

11 Comparison of Experimental Group Against The Control on Various Test . 41


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. TITLE Page No.

1 Bar Graph of Crashing Test for Different Treatment .. 27

2 Bar Graph of Flexure Test for

Different Treatment . 36

3 Bar Graph of Compression Test for Different Treatment . 45

4 Bar Graph of Flexure Test for Different Treatment . 52

5 Line Graph showing the Percentage Difference Of the Experimental Group Against The Control Group 56


ABSTRACT

Human hair is non-degradable and has high tensile strength that can be utilized

as a fiber reinforcement material. This study examines the effect of human hair additives

in preparing cement bonded composites as a reinforcement to concrete building

materials. It aims to produce a concrete which can withstand strong pressure and prevent

swelling when submerged in water. Experiments were conducted on cement bonded

composites mixture with different proportions of human hair varying from 1.25%, 2.5%

and 3.75% by weight as the experimental groups and a standard composite as the control

group. The replicates go through different treatments such as heated, submerge in fresh

water and salt water. The treated replicates were subjected to several mechanical test

such as: simple crashing test, ASTM C293 flexure, ASTM C109 compression, and ASTM

D570 water absorption test.

Results of the test shows an increment in various mechanical property of the

treated replicates to the control. The experimental group shows a high percentage

difference against the control. Replicate C (3.75% hair) has the highest percentage

difference of 135.91% for crashing test, 44.74% for flexure test, 120.79% for

compression and 102.04% in swelling test. Analysis of variance reveals that there is a

significant difference on the strength, flexibility, compressibility and swelling of the

treated replicates as compared to the control group. Therefore, with the optimum amount

of human hair in the preparation of the concrete mixture it can add strength, flexibility

and resistance to water making it a better building material.


INTRODUCTION

At present there is a need to look for materials that can reinforce concrete

structures in order to avoid severe damage caused by natural or man-made events. The

Malabon City is called the Little Venice of the Philippines because it experiences

perennial floods. Most places in the area is below sea level that caused the flood to stay

for a long time before subsiding. Even a small amount of rain or a sudden rise in the tides

could cause floods that may reach 1 to 5 feet deep.

When concrete structure is submerged in water for a long time it can cause

corrosion of steel and could weaken the concrete slab due to swelling. This and other

factors could weaken the concrete are the following: concrete fatigue, exposure to

extreme heat, continuous or sudden strong vibrations, weathering, inadequate

maintenance and deterioration due to old age.

The most common factor affecting the concrete strength is porosity. This is a

condition in which voids of concretes are filled with air or water. The more porous the

concrete, the weaker it is. Concrete expands and contracts as temperature and moisture

changes that can cause cracks and breaks. Too much water (hydrostatic pressure) can

weaken the concrete which may lead to leaks, breaks or cracks.

Furthermore, extreme heat can also cause cracks because it makes the concrete

expand. Long exposure to the sun during the day expands it and at night it shrinks

because of low temperature. The retreat back of the concrete can cause cracks. Repeated

expansion and contraction can increase the gap of cracks.


The ultimate purpose of this study is to come up with a concrete mixture that

exhibits strength but less porous or almost water proof and has low expansion response

to heat.

RATIONALE

Reinforcing concretes is important so as to prevent the formation of cracks, breaks

or may cause structural failure. Usually steel bars are used to reinforce concretes by

builders. At present, there are many available materials used for concrete reinforcement

such as: steel bars, polymers, and wire mesh. However, these materials can add cost to

the production. The presence of reinforcement materials to concrete can add more

strength and prevent the widening of gap on cracks and breaks. Study (Jain, 2012) shows

that too much steel in the concrete can cause the concrete slabs to crack by restraining

normal concrete to shrink.

This study is conducted on Malabon City which is prone to frequent deep flooding.

The city is adjacent to the coastline of Manila Bay and is below sea level. Frequent high

tides and rains can submerge the concrete structures which can cause slow damage to

the concretes. It will swell as water is absorbed and may cause carbonatation in which

chloride is ingress to the steel bars causing it to corrode and weaken. Salt water also

cause surface powdering and flaking. The exposure to heat coming from the direct

sunlight can also aggregate the formation of cracks.

These are the reasons why the researchers conduct this study. Their aim is to find

an alternative fiber reinforce materials that can give additional tensile strength to the


concrete and at the same time prevent cracks and breaks brought about by extreme

temperature and water absorption. The researchers have decided to make use of the

human hair as an additive to cement production and test the composite mixture for its

tensile strength, flexure, compression and swelling capacity. The human hair was chosen

as the fiber reinforcement because of the following reasons: 1) it can be obtained readily

from different hair salons as a waste materials; 2.) it has high tensile strength, which can

sustain 40% of its own weight; 3) high hydrophobic power to resist swelling or avoid

water penetration; 4) high flexibility, it can stretch from 30% to 50% of its original length;

and 5) it has low decomposition rate.

The research is deemed to be beneficial because it provides a better, effective,

and cost efficient source of concrete fiber reinforcement materials. Structures built with

hair additives can take advantage of its increase strength, flexibility, compressibility and

low absorption of water. These make the infrastructure last longer. The general public

can take advantage of its cheap source for reinforcement materials in building structures.

It can also prevent less degradation caused by floods. The environment also gain benefit

because there will be no dumping of human hair and the emission of harmful chemicals

can be prevented.


STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study is conducted to investigate the reinforcement ability of the human hair

as additive to cement bonded composite mixture.

Specifically this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What concentration of human hair gives favorable result in crashing , flexure,

compression and swelling test of the cement bonded composite:

1.1 1.25% concentration,

1.2 2.50% concentration, and

1.3 3.75% concentration?

2. What concentration of human hair yielded the best result in crashing test, breaking

load of flexure, compression test and water absorption test in terms of the

following treatment:

2.1 no treatment,

2.2 heated,

2.3 submerged in fresh water, and

2.4 submerged in salt water?

3. What is the percentage difference of the experimental groups in terms of: crashing

test, flexure, compression and swelling test as compared to the control?

4. Is there a significant difference in the mechanical properties of the treated

replicates to the control?


HYPOTHESIS

NULL:

There is no significant difference in the mechanical properties of the treated

replicates to the control.

ALTERNATIVE:

There is significant difference on the mechanical properties of the treated


SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study will utilize the human hair as the source of fiber that is incorporated to

the cement mixture in order to reinforce the concrete. The human hair is collected at

different hair trimming salons along the barangay of Hulong Duhat, Malabon City.

Analyses of the collected human hair as well as the type and chemical treatment it

receives will not be investigated. The length of hair collected will not be measured

because in the preparation of the replicates the hair will be cut into shorter length. The

ordinary type of sand and commercial Portland cement is used in the mixture of concrete.

Specific preparation of each replicate particularly the amount of hair added is strictly

followed. The researcher prepared the molder for the brick and cube to give the concrete

definite shape and form. All samples are treated first before subjecting it to the different

tests. The researchers subjected the replicates to only four standard test for building

materials. The simple strength test (impact force test), ASTM C293 breaking load of


flexure test, ASTM C109 compressional test, and ASTM D570 water absorption test.

Qualitative and quantitative observation are used in the conduct of the test. The

researchers prepared all the samples as well as the treatment of all the replicates. The

simple strength test is performed by the researchers themselves. The test of flexure,

compression and water absorption are performed by the DOST-ITDI because of the

unavailability of the equipment in the school. The researchers are not allowed to observe

and take part in the testing of the replicates at the DOST because the institution has a

bulk of requests for testing. Due to time constraint and for the quality assurance of precise

data, the analyst of the DOST-ITDI conducted the test requested. However, the

researchers are the one who tabulated the data, analyzed and interpreted the results

with the assistance of their adviser.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

WHAT IS FIBER REINFORCE CONCRETE?

Fiber reinforce Concrete is a cement composite that has mixture of cement, sand

and fibers. Fibers on the other hand is defined as a small piece of materials that can give

reinforcement capability due to its characteristics.

WHY USE HAIR FIBER AS REIFORCEMENT?

Hair is a strong organic fiber made from keratin which is estimated to be 80%

abundance and with a sulfur content coming from the amino acid cysteine. The major

composition of the human hair is protein about 95% and 32% water. The remaining is


lipids, pigments and other components. According to Velasco (2009), the hair cortex

keratin is responsible for its strength, flexibility, elasticity and hydrophilic power.

Hair has high resistance to stretching. The weight for a single thread of hair to

rupture is estimated between 50 100 grams. A person has an average hair around

120,000 and can sustain a twelve tons. Its ability not to break easily can be attributed to

its hair diameter.

Hair has high elasticity. The hair is estimated to stretch from 20 30% when dry

and may react to 50% when wet.

Hair has high hydrophilic power. The keratin of the hair can absorb up to 40% of

its own weight under liquid or steam form. Adding water or hydration can break the

hydrogen bond and can affect the fibers elasticity. The hair ability to resist swelling is due

to its molecular bonds which avoids the water penetration.

The geometrical shape of the hair depends on its lineage, Asian people have

circular hair while Caucasian hair is oval. African ancestry got elliptical hair.

The cortex of the hair is responsible for its strength and flexibility. Its stretching

resistance can range from 50 to 150 grams per strands. The hair breaking resistance

depends on its diameter. A person is estimated to have around 12,000 hair strands and

could sustain around 12 tons of weight. It is also said that the hair is elastic. It can stretch

up to 30% of its original length when exposed to dry condition, and around 50%

stretching limit when exposed to wet conditions.

Since the hair was proven to possess tensile strength it was a long practice to

incorporate hair to concrete and plaster based products.


A study (Wilson, A. Hair After Death. 2010) on the condition of the hair after death

stated that hair as well as nails is made of strong keratin which is almost resistant to

decomposition by proteolysis. The rate of decomposition is not the same for all types of

hair but studies shows that around 5% of the human hair decomposes for 100 years.

The rate of degradation is not uniform, it varies depending the condition of the

environment and microbial life.

WHY USE HAIR AS ADDITIVES TO CONCRETE PREPARATION?

The human hair is use as concrete reinforcement because of the following

reasons: First, it has high tensile strength. Tensile strength refers to the ability of the hair

to be stretch without breaking easily; Second, it is non-biodegradable thus can reduce

the possibility of dumping it as waste materials; Third, it is cheap and can be obtained

readily in large amount.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

HAIR FIBER AS REINFORCEMENT MATERIALS

A study about (Jain, Hair Fibre Reinforce Concrete. 2012) the comprehensive

compressive, crushing and flexural strength of concrete beams and cubes with human

hair additives for the purpose of reducing environmental problems. Hair is mix with

different proportions such as 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% by mass to the construction

of the concrete beams and cubes. The findings of the test showed favorable result in

reinforcing the product.


Another (Ganiron, T. Effects of Human Hair Additives in Compressive Strength of

Asphalt Cement Composite, 2014), experiment on the human hair added to asphalt for

the purpose of proving the worth of hair as an effective additive to asphalt in increasing

it compressive strength when to make roads and improve road pavements. Ganiron

prepared his asphalt composites having different concentration of 3% to 12% by mass

to bitumen. His study proves that human hair can be added to asphalt thereby increase

its compressive strength making it an excellent additive for asphalt effectiveness as road

pavements.

METHODOLOGY

I. GATHERING OF MATERIALS

Human hair is obtained from different salons and barbershops in the area

of Hulong Duhat, Malabon City. The collected hair has a total mass of 1 kg.

Hair is weighed and separated in the following proportion: 6.25 grams (1.25%)

of human hair for Replicate A, 12.5 grams (2.5%) of human hair for Replicate

B, 18.75 grams (3.75%) of human hair for Replicate C.


Four kilograms of sand were brought in Philord Hardware located in

Hulong Duhat, Malabon City. Each replicate is prepared with the same

amount of sand proportion (250g) of sand for Replicate A, B, C and control.

Four kilograms of Portland cement were brought in Philord Hardware

located at Hulong Duhat, Malabon City. All replicates including the control

will have the same proportion of 250 grams of cement.

REPLICATE A REPLICATE B

REPLICATE C CONTROL

REPLICATE A REPLICATE B

REPLICATE C CONTROL


II. PREPARATION OF MOLDER

The researchers used a prepared molder to give definite shape to

the product. It is made of cardboard and an acetate film. It is cut, shaped

and taped together to resemble a rectangular molder with the following

dimensions: 2.54cmx10.16x12.7cm. Twenty molders were made in a half

size illustration board and 5 pieces of acetate film. The rectangular molder

will be used to prepare the composite for crashing method test and flexural

tes

The molder to be used for the compression and water absorption

test is shaped in a dimension of 5.08cm x 5.08cm x 5.08cm area. A total of

32 molders were made out of a full illustration board and a 2 pcs of acetate

film.

III. PREPARATION OF REPLICATES AND CONTROL

The cement bonded composite mixture with human hair is the experimental

group. Human hair is added to standard cement bonded composite mixture of 250g


of sand, 250g of cement and 110mL of water. Three different proportions of human

hair is added to the concrete mixture varying from 1.25% (6.25g of hair), 2.50%

(12.5g of hair), and 3.75% (18.75g of hair). The 1.25% concentration is labeled

Replicate A, the 2.50% concentration for Replicate B and the 3.75% concentration for

Replicate C. The control group has no hair. A total of 16 bricks were made out of 250

g of sand and cement.

For the preparation of each replicate for the experimental group, the sand,

cement, water and human hair concentration is mix in a plastic container thoroughly.

The mixture was transferred to the prepared molder and filled up the rim. It was set

to dry for 3 days under the heat of the sun form 8:00am to 3:00pm. Four samples of

this proportion was made to constitute each replicate.


For the control group a 250 grams of sand, 250 grams of cement and

110 mL of water mixed thoroughly in a plastic container. No human hair

was added. The composite was transferred to the prepared molder and

filled up to the rim. It was set to dry for 3 days under the heat of the sun

from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm. Four samples of this proportion was made to

constitute control. Physical description was observed for all 16 samples after

obtaining the samples.

IV. TREATING OF REPLICATES BEFORE TESTING

The samples of replicates including the control undergo several

treatments before subjecting to different test.

TREATMENT NO. 1 No Treatment

TREATMENT NO. 2 Heated to 100oC.

A sample of each experimental group including the control

was heated to a temperature of at least 100oC for one hour using an

oven. After heating it was left to cool before subjecting the composite

to different mechanical test. Physical description of the samples were

recorded and tabulated.


TREATEMENT NO. 3 Submerge in Fresh Water

A sample of each experimental group including the control was

submerge in fresh water for 14 days under 0.5 meter deep using a

bucket. After 14 days all samples were set to dry before subjecting the

composite to different mechanical test. Physical description of the

samples was noted before and after the treatment.

These treatment is done to resemble the submerging of the

concrete caused by rain water floods.

REPLICATE A

REPLICATE B

REPLICATE C

CONTROL


TREATMENT NO. 4 Submerge in Salt Water

A sample of each experimental group including the control was

submerge in salt water for 14 days under 0.5 meter deep in the sea

inside a fishnet basket. After 14 days all samples were set to dry before

subjecting the composite to different mechanical test. Physical

description were noted before and after treatment

These treatment is done to resemble the submerging of the

concrete caused by high tides.

V. TESTING

The method of test to determine the effectivity of the human hair as

reinforcement to composite are the following:

a. Simple Crashing Test,

b. ASTM C293 Flexure Test,


c. ASTM C109 Compression Test, and

d. ASTM D570 swelling test.

SIMPLE CRASHING TEST

The researchers performed the simple crashing test by dropping the samples

of each replicate at different heights with a 0.25m interval. The procedure is done

repeatedly until the concrete cracks or break.

The amount of impact force acted on the cement bonded composite at different

height of fall was determined using the formula:

= 1

2

2

Where: F = force of impact m = mass

vf2= final velocity squared d = height of fall

REPLICATE A REPLICATE B REPLICATE C CONTROL


ASTM C293 - BREAKING LOAD OF FLEXURE TEST

The researchers prepared 16 treated samples to be tested by the Department of

Science and Technology Industrial Technology Development Institute for the breaking

of load flexure test. The test was conducted by an analyst of the DOST-ITDI on October

20, 2014. When the researchers obtained the raw data from the DOST, it was tabulated,

analyzed and interpreted to form a conclusion.

ASTM C109 COMPRESSIONAL TEST and ASTM D570 WATER ABSORPTION TEST

To researchers again commissioned the DOST-ITDI to conduct the compressional

and swelling test of the 16 different treated replicates. The analyst of the DOST-ITDI

conducted the test last December 10, 2014. The obtained raw data was tabulated,

analyzed and interpreted by the researchers to form a conclusion.


PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Table 1 Proportion of Components in each Replicates

Replicate Sand Cement Hair Water

A 250 g 250 g 6.25 g 110 ml

B 250 g 250 g 12.5 g 110 ml

C 250 g 250 g 18.75 g 110 ml

Control 250 g 250 g 0 g 110 ml

Table 1 shows the different amount of components used in the preparation

of the human hair bonded composite. It can be noted that the amount of sand

(250g), cement (250g) and water (110 mL) are the same for all replicates including

the control. In experimental group the replicate A contains 6.25g (1.25%),

replicate B has 12.5 g (2.50%) and 18.75 g (3.75%) for replicate C. The control

group has no hair.

Table 2 Physical Characteristics of the Replicates before and after Treatment

Replicate Before Treatment After Treatment

A Rough, uneven surface, light gray color, mild pungent smell

Rough, uneven surface, light gray color, mild pungent smell

B Rough, uneven surface, dark

gray color, mild pungent smell

Rough, uneven surface, dark

gray color, mild pungent smell

C Rough, uneven surface, light gray color, strong pungent smell

Rough, uneven surface, light gray color, strong pungent smell

Control Rough, uneven surface, light gray color, no pungent smell

Rough, uneven surface, light gray color, no pungent smell


Table 2 shows the physical observation of the treated replicates before and after.

It shows that in general no change in color, odor, appearance are observed before and

after the treatement.

Table 3 RESULT OF CRASHING TEST OF TREATED REPLICATES PER TREATMENT

Table 3 shows that result of the crashing test conducted on different replicates

for every treatments. For No Treatment, Replicate C1 (18.75g hair) breaks with a

calculated impact force of 1428.35 N. Replicate B1 (13g hair) ranked second with a force

of 732.55N followed by replicate A1 (6.25g hair) with 394.7N mean force. The control

breaks at the height of only 0.25 m with an impact force of 136.22N. This shows that

Replicate Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Average

Mass (grams)

Max. Height (meter)

Computed Impact Force

(Newton)

Rank

NO

TR

EA

TMEN

T A1 (1.25%) 392.20 397.20 393.04 396.36 537 0.75 394.7 3

B1 (2.50%) 730.68 734.3 730.35 734.65 598 1.25 732.5 2

C1 (3.75%) 1426.77 1427.43 1429.93 1429.27 583 2.5 1428.35 1

Control 1 555.75 556.24 557.15 554.85 556 0.25 136.22 4

HEA

TED

A2 (1.25%) 701.05 702.27 705.25 704.03 574 1.25 703.15 3

B2 (2.50%) 735.10 735.30 737.34 737.14 601 1.25 736.22 2

C2 (3.75%) 1550.87 1548.72 1548.39 1550.54 575 2.75 1549.63 1

Control 2 136.33 134.36 136.62 135.06 553 0.25 135.59 4

SUB

MER

GE

IN

FRES

H W

ATE

R

A3 (1.25%) 945.51 943.89 944.43 946.05 551 1.75 944.97 2

B3 (2.50%) 569.11 569.53 567.51 567.27 580 1 568.4 3

C3 (3.75%) 1004.29 1001.11 1002.27 1005.45 585 1.75 1003.28 1

Control 3 288.76 289.55 291.40 290.61 592 0.5 289.95 4

SUB

MER

GE

IN

SALT

WA

TER

A4 (1.25%) 290.04 288.16 288.44 289.76 590 0.5 289.10 3

B4 (2.50%) 293.17 295.24 295.81 293.74 601 0.5 294.49 2

C4 (3.75%) 442.90 442.04 441.61 443.33 602 0.75 442.47 1

Control 4 283.32 282.89 285.51 285.08 580 0.5 284.17 4


concrete mixture with higher human hair concentration exhibit greater impact force

strength.

For Heated, Replicate C2 (18.75 g) human hair recorded an impact force of

154.963N. Replicates A2 (6.25g hair) and B2 (12.5g hair) register a force of 703.15N and

736.22N respectively. The control ranked last with a total force of 135.59N. It can be

noticed that replicate A2 (6.25g hair) with less concentration of hair has little impact force

difference than Replicate B2 (12.5g hair). However, when compared to Replicate C2

(18.75g hair) an increment of impact force is noticed. The result indicates that a heated

replicates with greater concentration of human hair increases the composite crashing

strength.

For submerge in fresh water, Replicate C3 (18.75 g hair) breaks at an impact force

of 1003.28N. Replicate A3 (6.25g hair) ranked second with a force of 944.97N. Replicate

B3 (12.5g hair) ranked third with an impact force of 568.40N. Last in rank is the control

with a mean force of only 289.95N. Replicate A3 (6.25g hair) in this particular treatment

exhibit greater impact force as to Replicate B3 (12.5g hair) but when compared to

Replicate C3 (18.75g hair) the increment of strength is greater. Therefore it can be

inferred that higher concentration of hair in the cement mixture submerge in fresh water

provides greater resistance to high impact force.

For submerge in salt water, the result of crashing shows that Replicate C4 (18.75g

hair) got an impact force of 442.47N. Replicate B4 (12.5 g hair) has 294.49N. Third in

rank is Replicate A4 (6.25 g hair) has an impact force of 289.10N. The control has 284.17N

impact force. The data clearly shows that replicates with higher concentration of human


hair in the production of the cement bonded composite submerge in salt water strengthen

the concrete. It can be noticed that the height of fall in this group is lesser than in other

treatment. It indicates that concretes submerge in salt water breaks easily.

Table 4

Summary of Simple Crashing Test of Replicates in Different Treatment

No

Treatment (N)

Heated (N)

Submerged in Fresh Water

(N)

Submerged in Salt Water (N)

Mean RANK

A (1.25%) 394.70 703.15 944.97 289.10 582.98 2

B (2.5%) 732.50 736.22 568.40 294.49 582.90 3

C (3.75%) 1428.35 1549.63 1003.28 442.47 1105.93 1

Control 136.22 135.59 289.95 284.17 211.48 4

Mean 672.94 781.15 701.65 327.56

Rank 3 1 2 4

Figure 1. Bar Graph of Summary of the Crashing Test for Different Treatment

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

No Treatment Heated Submerged in Fresh Water Submerged in Salt Water

FOR

CE

(N)

TREATMENTS

Summary of Results for Simple Crashing Test of Replicates in Different Treatments

Rep A (1.25%) Rep B (2.50%) Rep C (3.75%) Control


Table 4 shows the summary of the result of the crashing test conducted on each

replicates in four different treatments. In terms of concentration of hair in the concrete,

Replicate C (18.75g hair) got the highest mean of 1105.93N. Followed by Replicate A

(6.25g hair) with 582.97N. Third in rank is Replicate B (12.5g hair) with a mean score of

582.90N. Last in rank is the control with only 211.48N. The data shows that higher

concentration of hair in the concrete mixture gives additional strength. Although Replicate

A (6.25g hair) as compared to Replicate B (12.5g hair) register little increment but when

compared to Replicate C the increment of impact force is greater than Replicate A. It can

be inferred that greater amount of hair provides greater impact force to the concrete.

In terms of impact force received by different replicates on every treatment.

Heated replicates register a highest mean of 781.15N. Replicates submerged in fresh

water rank 2 with a mean of 701.65N while replicates with no treatment rank third with

a mean impact force of 672.94N. Replicates submerged in salt water got the lowest mean

of 327.56N. The data reveals that when concrete is immerse in salt water it reduces

strength while replicates that was heated the human hair reinforce the concrete. It can

be inferred that concretes that are wet reduces its strength in terms of impact.


STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF HYPOTHESIS (Simple Crashing Test)

I. Problem: Is there a significant difference in the crashing strength of the treated


II. Hypothesis: H0= There is no significant difference in the crashing strength of the treated


Hi= There is a significant difference in the crashing strength of the treated


III. Level of Significance: dfBET = k-1 4-1= 3

n-k 16-4=12

Tabular value at 0.5 significance= 3.49

IV. Statistics:

Replicate A Replicate B Replicate C Control

X1 12 X2 X2

2 X3 X32 X4 X4

2

No Treatment 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Heated 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Submerge in Fresh Water 2 4 3 9 1 1 4 16

Submerge in Salt Water 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

= 11 31 9 21 4 4 16 64


Analysis of Variance Table

Sources of Variation

Df Sum of squares

Mean squares F value

computed Value

Between groups K-1

3 18.5 6.17 13.41 3.49

Within groups

(N-1)(K-1)

12 5.5 0.46 13.41 3.49

Total N-1 15

V. Decision:

13.41 > 3.49, reject H, significant

VI. Conclusion:

Since, the computed F value 13.41 is greater than the tabular value of

3.49 the null hypothesis is rejected .There is a significant difference in the

crashing strength of the treated replicates to the control.

RESULT OF THE BREAKING LOAD IN FLEXURE TEST

The researchers commissioned the DOST-ITDI to perform the breaking load

flexure test of the different treated replicates with varying human hair proportions. A total

of 16 composites were tested for flexure strength.


Flexure Breaking Load Test Conducted by the DOST-ITDI

A. Raw Data Sheet


B. Report of Analysis


Table 5 RESULT OF BREAKING LOAD IN FLEXURE TEST OF

TREATED REPLICATES PER TREATMENT

Replicates Length (mm) Width (mm) Thickness (mm) Load (N) Rank

NO

TREATM

EN

T

A1 (1.25%) 127 96.00 22.49 1273 3

B1 (2.50%) 135 96.67 23.09 1336 2

C1 (3.75%) 128 102.67 22.87 1789 1

Control 1 127 102.00 22.54 1224 4

HEATED

A2 (1.25%) 126 97.33 20.91 1458 3

B2 (2.50%) 128 102.33 23.43 1602 2

C2 (3.75%) 128 101.00 20.37 1861 1

Control 2 134 94.33 22.52 1061 4

SU

BM

ERG

E I

N

FRESH

WATER

A3 (1.25%) 129 99.00 21.78 1437 3

B3 (2.50%) 131 105.33 23.02 1499 2

C3 (3.75%) 124 96.67 22.24 1723 1

Control 3 131 101.67 22.00 1212 4

SU

BM

ERG

E I

N

SALT W

ATER A4 (1.25%) 128 98.33 22.57 1783 2

B4 (2.50%) 131 105.00 22.20 1618 3

C4 (3.75%) 129 99.67 21.79 1814 1

Control 4 131 107.33 21.21 1062 4

Length of Span = 100 mm

Table 5 shows the result of the breaking load in flexure test of treated replicates

in different treatment. For No Treatment, Replicate C1 (18.75g hair) ranked first

withstanding a load of 1789N. Replicate B1 (12.5g hair) ranked second with a flexing load

of 1336N. Replicate A1 (6.25g hair) ranked 3 with a 1273N load. The control rank last

with only 1224N load before breaking. The data shows that the treated replicates with


greater hair additives manifest a greater flexure strength as compared to the control

given no treatment.

For Heated replicates, First in rank is Replicate C2 (18.75g hair) with a breaking

load of 1861N. Replicate B2 (12.5g of hair) ranked second having a 1602N. Replicate A2

(6.25g of hair) ranked third enduring a 1458N load. The control ranked last with only

1061N load before breaking. The following replicates were heated to 100oC of

temperature for one hour. The data shows that the heated replicates with greater hair

additives exhibit an increase in the flexure strength as compared to the control.

For Submerge in Fresh Water Treatment, replicate C3 (18.75g hair) ranked first

with a load of 1723N. Replicate B3 (12.5g hair) ranked second that has 1499N load.

Replicate A3 (6.25g of hair) ranked third with a 1437N load. The control ranked last with

only 1212N load before breaking. All replicates were submerged in fresh water for the

period of 14 days under 0.5 meter deep before undergoing flexure test. The treated

replicates shows an increased in the flexural strength as the concentration of the hair

increases.

For Submerge in Salt Water Treatment, Replicate C4 (18.75g hair) ranked first

with 1814N. Followed by replicate A4 (6.25g of hair) with a braking a 1782N. Replicate

B4 (12.5g of hair) ranked third with 1618N load. The control ranked last with only 1062N

load before breaking. The four replicates were submerged in salt water for a period of 14

days at the depth of 0.5 meter before subjecting to flexural test. The data shows a little

increment in terms of flexure difference between Replicate A4 (6.25g hair) as compared

to Replicate B4 (12.5g hair) but when compared to Replicate C4 (18.75g hair) the flexural


strength increases. This shows that the treated replicated with human hair additives with

higher hair concentration reinforce the concrete in terms of flexing strength as compared

to the control.

Table 6 SUMMARY OF RESULT FOR FLEXURE TEST OF REPLICATES

IN DIFFERENT TREATMENTS

Replicates No

Treatment

(kN)

Heated

(kN)

Submerged in Fresh

Water (kN)

Submerged in Salt water

(kN)

Mean

(kN) RANK

A (1.25%) 1.273 1.458 1.437 1.783 1.488 3

B (2.50%) 1.336 1.602 1.499 1.618 1.514 2

C (3.75%) 1.789 1.861 1.723 1.814 1.797 1

Control 1.224 1.061 1.212 1.062 1.140 4

Mean (kN) 1.401 1.496 1.468 1.569

Rank 4 2 3 1

Figure 2. Bar Graph of Flexure Test Result for Replicates in Different Treatments

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

No Treatment Heated Submerged in Fresh Water Submerged in Salt water

LOA

D (

kN)

TREATMENTS

Summary of Result for Breaking Load of Flexure Test of Replicates in Different Treatment

A (1.25%) B (2.50%) C (3.75%) Control


Table 6 shows the summary of the result for the breaking load in flexure of

replicates in different treatments. For varying hair concentration, Replicate C (8.75g hair)

ranked first with a flexural strength of 1.797kN. Second in rank is Replicate B (12.5g hair)

with a flexural strength of 1.514kN. Replicate A is third in rank with flexural strength of

1.488kN. The control ranked last with only 1.140kN flexural strength. It can be inferred

that greater concentration of hair in the concrete mixture can increase the flexural

strength of the concrete.

Among the different treatments conducted on the replicates before testing,

replicates submerged to salt water register a mean score of 1.569kN. Followed by

replicates that are heated got a mean of 1.401kN. Third in rank are replicates submerged

in fresh water with a mean score of 1.468kN. Replicates with no treatment got a mean

score of 1.401kN. This shows that replicates submerged in salt water are better

strengthen in terms of flexural strength with the addition of human hair. The graph shows

(figure 2) that replicates C (18.75g hair) have high mean score as compared to other

replicates.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF HYPOTHESIS (Breaking Load Flexure Test)

I. Problem: Is there a significant difference in the flexural strength of the treated


II. Hypothesis:

H= There is no significant difference in the flexural strength of the treated



Hi = There is a significant difference in the flexural strength of the treated


III. Level of Significance:

dfBET = k-1 4-1= 3

n-k 16-4=12


IV. Statistics:


Sources of

Variation

df Sum of

squares


computed Value

Between groups K-1

3 18.5 6.17 49.36 3.49

Within groups (N-1)(K-1)

12 1.5 0.125 49.36 3.49

Total N-1 15

V. Decision: 49.36 > 3.49, reject H, significant

Replicate A Replicate B Replicate C Control

X1 12 X2 X2

2 X3 X32 X4 X4

2

No Treatment 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Heated 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Submerge in Fresh Water 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Submerge in Salt Water 2 4 3 9 1 1 4 16

= 11 31 9 21 4 4 16 64


VI. Conclusion:

Since, the computed value 49.36 is greater than the tabular value of 3.49

the null hypothesis is rejected .There is a significant difference in the flexure

strength of the treated replicates to the control.

Result of the Compression Test

The researchers prepared a total of 16 pieces 2x2x2 inches treated concrete

composites to the DOST-ITDI for compression test. The raw data obtained from the

DOST-ITDI was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by the researchers to formulate a

valid conclusion.


Raw Data of the Compression Test performed by the DOST-ITDI


RESULT OF THE WATER ABSORPTION TEST

CONDUCTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE

RESULT TO BE RELEASED ON DECEMBER 19, 2014


Table 7 RESULT OF THE COMPRESSION TEST OF TREATED REPLICATES

PER TREATMENT

Replicates Length

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Area

(mm2)

Load

(kN)

Compression

MPa Rank

NO

TREATM

EN

T

A1 (1.25%) 52.07 49.81 50.54 2593.61 5.110 1.97 3

B1 (2.50%) 53.00 53.31 48.34 2825.43 5.917 2.09 2

C1 (3.75%) 53.87 54.52 53.67 2936.99 21.039 7.16 1

Control 1 56.04 54.26 50.82 3040.73 2.139 0.70 4

HEATED

A2 (1.25%) 53.10 52.50 51.42 2787.75 21.458 7.70 3

B2 (2.50%) 56.73 53.96 49.48 3061.15 28.357 9.26 2

C2 (3.75%) 54.18 53.38 48.93 2892.13 32.300 11.17 1

Control 2 53.36 50.59 51.10 2699.48 4.349 1.61 4

SU

BM

ERG

E I

N

FRESH

WATER

A3 (1.25%) 52.99 49.92 51.85 2645.42 6.560 2.48 3

B3 (2.50%) 52.41 51.37 51.01 2692.30 10.922 4.06 2

C3 (3.75%) 50.62 50.68 48.46 2565.42 46.705 18.21 1

Control 3 55.00 53.37 51.01 2692.30 10.922 4.06 4

SU

BM

ERG

E I

N

SALT W

ATER A4 (1.25%) 56.18 55.75 49.22 3132.04 26.635 8.50 3

B4 (2.50%) 52.82 53.44 51.08 2822.70 29.292 10.38 2

C4 (3.75%) 52.79 52.96 49.20 2795.76 38.814 13.88 1

Control 4 50.93 51.25 49.35 2610.16 16.853 6.46 4

Rate of Load = 1.8kN/sec

Table 7 shows that result of the compression test performed on treated replicates.

For No treatment, Replicate C1 (18.75g hair) ranked first with the highest compressional

strength of 7.16MPa. Replicate B1 (12.5g hair) ranked second and has a compressional

value of 2.09MPa. Third in rank is Replicate A1 (6.25 g hair) with a compressional strength

of 1.97MPa. The control having no hair is last in rank with 0.70MPa. It shows that greater


amount of human hair to the concrete mixture can increase the compressional strength

of the composite.

For Heated, Replicate C2 (18.75g hair) with a compressional strength of 11.17MPa.

Second is replicate B2 (12.5g hair) with 9.26MPa. Replicate A2 (6.25g hair) ranked third

with a compressing strength of 7.70MPa. The control ranked last with 1.61MPa. Heated

Replicates that has higher concentration of hair exhibit greater compressing strength.

For Submerge in Fresh Water treatment, Replicate C3 (18.75g hair) is ranked first

with a compressional strength of 18.21MPa. Second in rank is replicate B3 (12.5g hair)

with 4.06MPa. Replicate A3 (6.25g hair) ranked third with 2.48 MPa. The control has a

compressional strength of 4.06 MPa. It can be inferred that greater hair concentration on

replicates that are submerged in fresh water give greater compressional strength.

For Submerge in Salt Water treatment, Replicate C4 (18.75g hair) ranked first with

a compressional strength of 13.88MPa. Second in rank is replicate B4 (12.5g hair) with

10.38Ma and Replicate A4 (6.25 g hair) ranked third with 8.50MPa. The control ranked

last with a compressional strength of 6.46MPa. Again, it can be concluded that increasing

the amount of hair in the mixture of the concrete can increase the compressional strength

of the replicates submerge in salt water.


Table 8

SUMMARY OF COMPRESSION TEST OF REPLICATES IN DIFFERENT TREATMENT

No

Treatment (MPa)

Heated

(MPa)

Submerged in

Fresh Water (MPa)

Submerged

in Salt water (MPa)

Average Rank

A (1.25%) 1.97 7.70 2.48 8.50 5.163 3

B (2.50%) 2.09 9.26 4.06 10.38 6.448 2

C (3.75%) 7.16 11.17 18.21 13.88 12.605 1

Control 0.70 1.61 4.06 6.46 3.208 4

Mean 2.98 7.44 7.20 9.81

Rank 4 2 3 1

Figure 3. Bar Graph of the Compression Test for Replicates in Different Treatments

Table 8 presents the summary of result of the compression test of replicates in

different treatments. In terms of result in percent concentration of hair, Replicate C

(18.75g hair) has a mean pressure of 12.605MPa. Second is Replicate B (12.5g hair) with

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

No Treatment Heated Submerged in Fresh Water Submerged in Salt Water

PR

ESSU

RE

(MP

a)

TREATMENTS

Summary of the Compressional Test Result for Replicates in Different Treatments

A (1.25%) B (2.50%) C (3.75%) Control


6.448MPa and followed by Replicate A (6.25g hair) with a score of 5.163MPa. The control

got the lowest mean of 3.208MPa. The data shows that increasing the concentration of

hair in the concrete mixture can strengthen the compressional strength of the composite.

The graph shows that replicates submerged in salt water got a mean score of

9.81MPa. Heated replicates ranked second obtaining 7.44MPa and submerge in fresh

water replicates followed with a registered mean pressure of 7.20MPa. Replicates that

has no treatment showed the lowest compressional strength of 2.98MPa. From the data

it can be inferred that adding hair to the concrete can give higher compressional strength

to replicates that are submerged in salt water.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF HYPOTHESIS (Compression Test)

I. Problem: Is there a significant difference in the compressional strength of the

treated replicates to the control?

II. Hypothesis:

H= There is no significant difference in the compressional strength of the

treated replicates to the control.

Hi = There is a significant difference in the compressional strength of the



dfBET = k-1 4-1= 3

n-k 16-4=12



IV. Statistics:


Sources of Variation

Df Sum of squares


computed Value

Between groups K-1

3 20.00 6.67 4.45 3.49

Within groups

(N-1)(K-1)

12 18.00 1.5 4.45 3.49

Total N-1 15

V. Decision:

4.45 > 3.49, reject Ho, significant

VI. Conclusion:


the null hypothesis is rejected. There is a significant difference in the

compressional strength of the treated replicates to the control.


X1 12 X2 X2

2 X3 X32 X4 X4

2

Not treated 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Exposed to extreme heat 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Submerged in water 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Submerged in Salt water 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

= 12 36 8 16 4 4 16 64


RESULT OF WATER ABSORPTION TEST

The researchers prepared 16 pieces of 2x2x2 inches treated concrete for swelling

test at DOST-ITDI. The raw data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by the

researchers in order to come up with a valid conclusion.


Table 9 RESULT OF THE WATER ABSORPTION TEST OF TREATED REPLICATES

PER TREATMENT

Replicates Original

Weight (g) Wet

Weight (g) Increase in Weight (%)

RANK Observation

NO

TREATM

EN

T A1 (1.25%) 184.90 205.10 10.92 3 No change in Color and physical appearance

B1 (2.50%) 238.20 249.50 4.74 2 No change in Color and physical appearance

C1 (3.75%) 263.70 271.10 2.81 1 No change in Color and physical appearance

Control 1 237.20 263.60 11.13 4 No change in Color and physical appearance

HEATED

A2 (1.25%) 238.20 251.30 5.50 3 No change in Color and physical appearance




SU

BM

ERG

E I

N

FRESH

WATER





SU

BM

ERG

E I

N

SALT W

ATER





Table 9 shows the result of the water absorption of the treated replicates per

treatment. For No Treatment, Replicate C1 (18.75g hair) showed the least percentage of

weight increase of 2.81%, followed by Replicate B1 (13g of hair) with a 4.47% weight

increase. Replicate A1 (6.5g hair) ranked third with 10.92% weight increase and the

control obtained the highest weight increase of 11.13%. All replicates displayed no

change in color and physical appearance. Low increase in weight percentage indicates

less water is absorbed by the concrete. The data shows that replicates that are not treated


and with greater concentration of hair have less water absorbed indicating that the

concrete less porous.

For Heated treatment, Replicate C2 (18.75g hair) have the least percentage of

weight increase of 4.06%. Replicate B2 (13g hair) is second in rank with a 5.00% and

Replicate C2 (6.5 g hair) with 5.50% of weight increase. Last in rank is the control having

the highest weight increase of 6.35%. All replicates displayed no change in color and

physical appearance. The data revealed that concrete mixture with greater concentration

of human hair that undergo heating exhibits less water intake.

For Submerge in Fresh Water treatment, Replicate C3 (18.75g hair) showed least

percentage of weight increase of 1.78 %. Replicate B3 (13g hair) ranked second with

2.83 % and Replicate C3 (6.5g hair) followed next with 4.30 % weight increase. Last in

rank is the control having the highest weight increase of 6.57%. All replicates displayed

no change in color and physical appearance. Replicates with greater amount of hair has

less weight increase, meaning less water can penetrate the concrete. It can also observed

that replicates that are treated to water submersion before the test marks a decrease in

the percentage of weight gain as compared to treatment.

For Submerge in Salt Water treatment, Replicate C4 (18.75g hair) ranked first with

weight increase of 0.43%. Replicate B4 (13g hair) ranked second with 0.85% and

Replicate A4 (6.5g hair) followed next with 1.88% weight increase. The control ranked

last with the highest weight increase of 3.96%. All replicates displayed no change in color

and physical appearance. Data shows that greater amount of hair in the preparation of


the concrete mixture lessen the chances of swelling as indicated by a drop in the weight

gained.

Table 10 SUMMARY OF SWELLING TEST RESULTS OF REPLICATES

IN DIFFERENT TREATMENTS

Replicates No Treatment

Heated Submerged in Fresh Water

Submerged in Salt water

Mean Inc. Wt.

Rank

A (1.25%) 10.92 5.50 4.30 1.88 5.65 3

B (2.50%) 4.47 5.00 2.83 0.85 3.29 2

C (3.75%) 2.81 4.06 1.78 0.43 2.27 1

Control 11.13 6.35 6.57 3.96 7.00 4

Mean Inc. Wt.

7.4

5.23

3.37

1.78

RANK 4 3 2 1

Figure 4. Bar Graph of Swelling Test Result for Replicates in Different Treatments

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

No Treatment Heated Submerged in Fresh Water Submerged in Salt water

PER

CEN

TAG

E D

IFFE

REN

CE

(%)

TREATMENTS

Summary of Swelling Test Result for Replicates in Different Treatments

A (1.25%) B (2.50%) C (3.75%) Control


Table 10 shows the summary of the weight increase of treated replicates. For

concentration of hair, Replicate C (18.75g hair) have the least percentage weight increase

of 2.27%. Followed by Replicate B (13g of hair), Replicate A (6.25g hair) rank third with

5.65% increase. The control registered the highest increase in weight of 7.00%. Data

shows that the greater concentration of hair in the concrete mixture will reduce concrete

water absorption.

Among different treatments, replicates that are submerge in salt water register

the least weight increase of 1.78%. Submerge in fresh water replicates followed with a

3.57% and the heated replicates ranked third with 5.23% weight increase. The replicates

with no treatment showed the highest weight gain of 7.4%. The data shows that the

addition of hair in the concrete mixture exhibit less swelling concrete submerge in water.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF HYPOTHESIS (Water Absorption Test)

I. Problem: Is there a significant difference in the water absorption of the

treated replicates to the control?

II. Hypothesis:

H= There is no significant difference in the water absorption of the


Hi = There is a significant difference in the water absorption of the




dfBET = k-1 4-1= 3

n-k 16-4=12


IV. Statistics:


Sources of

Variation

Df Sum of

squares


computed Value

Between

groups K-1

3 20.00 6.67 4.45 3.49

Within groups (N-1)(K-1)

12 18.00 1.5 4.45 3.49

Total N-1 15

V. Decision:

4.45 > 3.49, reject Ho, significant

VI. Conclusion:


the null hypothesis is rejected. There is a significant difference in the water

absorption of the treated replicates to the control.


X1 12 X2 X2

2 X3 X32 X4 X4

2

Not treated 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Exposed to extreme heat 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Submerged in water 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

Submerged in Salt water 3 9 2 4 1 1 4 16

= 12 32 8 16 4 4 16 64


COMPARISON OF THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP AGAINST THE CONTROL GROUP

The obtained result of each test in different treated replicates will be analyzed

and compared against the control. Percentage difference will be computed to determine

the amount of effectiveness of each replicate against the control.

To compute for the percentage difference of the treated replicates to the control

from the different test conducted the following formulas are used:

Difference: first value second value

Average: first value + second value 2

Percentage Difference: between two values divided by the average of the two

values in percentage. Difference value x 100%

Average Value

Table 11

COMPARISON OF THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP AGAINST THE CONTROL ON THE FOUR TEST CONDUCTED

Crashing

Test

(kN)

% Diff

Flexure

Test

(kN)

% Diff

Compression

Test

(MPa)

% Diff

Swelling

Test

(%)

% Diff

A (1.25%) 0.583 93.70 1.488 26.48 5.163 46.86 5.65 21.34

B (2.50%) 0.583 93.70 1.501 27.34 6.448 67.10 3.29 36.05

C (3.75%) 1.106 135.91 1.797 44.74 12.605 118.85 2.27 102.04

Control 0.211 1.140 3.208 7.00


Figure 5. Line Graph showing Percentage Difference of Experimental Group against the

Control Group

Table 23 shows the summary of the obtained value of different test conducted in

each replicates. The percentage difference of the treated replicates is compared to the

control. In the impact force test Replicate C (18.75g hair) register a percentage difference

of 67.09% as compared to the control. Replicate B (13g hair) mark a difference of

46.76%. Lowest percentage difference is obtained by Replicate A (6.25g hair) with

46.44%. This shows that human hair can increase the impact force strength of the

concrete by 67% when the mix with a 3.75% concentration by weight. Data also shows

that an increase in the amount of hair yielded favorable result in terms of impact force to

the concrete.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

% Diff % Diff % Diff % Diff

PER

CEN

TAG

E D

IFFE

REN

CE

(%)

TREATMENTS

Percentage Difference of Treated Replicates Against the Control

A (1.25%) B (2.50%) C (3.75%)


For the breaking load of flexure, Replicate C (18.75g hair) exhibit the highest

difference of 22.37% compared from the control. Replicate B (13g hair) follow next with

a 14.09% difference. Third in rank is Replicate A (6.25g hair) with only 0.38% difference.

A 22.37% difference of flexural strength on concrete can be achieved by incorporating

3.75% hair by weight of the composite. The result indicate an increment in the flexure

strength of the concrete as the amount of human hair additives increases in the

composite.

For the compression test, Replicate C (18.75g hair) register a difference of 82.19%

difference to the control. Replicate B (13g hair) got 49.82% difference and Replicate A

(6.25g hair) has only 47.57% difference. The result is parallel to the findings of the impact

force test. The greater amount of human hair added to the cement composite gives

additional compressive strength as compared to the concrete without hair. It can give as

much 82.18% increase in compressive strength if 3.75% hair concentration is added to

the percent weight of the concrete.

The water absorption or swelling test, shows that Replicate C (18.75g hair)

indicates a high percentage difference of 51.02% as compared to the control group.

Replicate B (13g hair) has a difference of 36.05% and Replicate A only has 10.67%. The

data indicate better prevention of water absorption can be achieve in concretes with

higher concentration of human hair. A 51.02% increase can be achieve using 3.75% hair

concentration to the preparation of the concrete mixture by its percent weight.

From the graph of percentage difference distribution (figure 5) it clearly shows

that Replicate C (3.75%) tops all the mechanical test conducted on the concrete.


Replicate B (2.5%) is at the middle and the Replicate A (1.25%) is at the bottom of the

chart. This indicates that the 3.75% concentration of hair is the best percentage weight

proportion in the production of concrete mixture that will give best result in construction

strong building materials.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Based on the obtained data, Replicate C (3.75%) concentration obtained the

highest mean in all test conducted. It obtained a mean of 4.42kN for crashing test,

1.797kN for flexural strength, 7.16MPa for compression test and 2.27% on swelling

test.

2. The concentration of human hair yielded the best result in the different mechanical

test for each treatment

2.1 No treatment - Replicate C (3.75%) obtain the highest mean for crashing

test (1.428kN), breaking load of flexure test (1.789kN), compression test

(7.16MPa) and lowest in the swelling test (2.81%).

2.2 For Heated - Replicate C (3.75%) again showed favorable result in the

crashing test (1.549kN), breaking load in flexure test (1.861kN),

compression test (11.17MPa) and lowest in the swelling test (4.06%).

2.3 Submerge in fresh water - Replicate C (3.75%) obtained the highest mean

for the crashing test (1.00kN), breaking load in flexure test (1.723kN),

compression test (18.21MPa) and lowest in the swelling test (1.78%).

2.4 Submerge in salt water - Replicate C (3.75%) obtained the highest mean

for the simple crashing test (442.47N), breaking load in flexure test


(1.814kN), compression test (13.88MPa) and lowest in the swelling test

(0.43%).

From the data presented it can be concluded that replicate C shows

favorable result in all treatment.

3. The experimental group recorded a percentage difference against the control

composite based on the following test:

3.1 Crashing Test.

Replicate C (18.75g hair) recorded a 135.91% difference to

the control. Replicate B (13g hair) and A (6.25g hair) has both

93.70%.

3.2 Breaking Load of Flexure Test.

Replicate C (18.75g hair) marks a 44.47% difference while

Replicate B (13g hair) and A (6.25g hair) has 27.34% and 26.48%

difference against the control.

3.3 Compression Test

Replicate C (18.75 g hair) got 120.79% difference of pressure

sustain against the control. Replicate B (12.5g hair) has 77.23%

while Replicate A (6.25g hair) has 54.19% difference against the

control.

3.4 Water Absorption Test.


Replicate C (18.75g hair) shows a 102.04% difference in

terms of restraining water to enter the concrete as compared to the

control. Replicate B (13g hair) got 36.05% while Replicate A (6.25g

hair) has 21.34% difference against the control.

4. Using the Statistical treatment which is One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the

researchers have computed the following F value: 13.41 for the simple crashing

test; 49.36 for breaking of flexure test and 4.45 for both compression and water

absorption test. The computed value are all greater than the tabulated value of

3.49. The researchers have concluded that there is a significant difference in the

simple strength test, flexure test, compression test and water absorption test of

the treated replicates to the control.

RECOMMENDATIONS

After the result of the study and the obtained conclusion, the researchers come up

with the following recommendations for the future researchers:

1. Device a better way of uniformly distributing the hair in the mixture of the

concrete. This poses a problem on the consistency of the human hair throughout

the prepared samples. The researchers was force to distribute the hair manually

throughout the concrete making the process longer.

2. Determine if higher concentration of hair from 3.75% can still give a favorable

result on all test conducted.


3. Expose the concrete with hair to another treatment like freezing temperature and

windy atmosphere.

4. Use hair in reinforcing other materials such as plastics, rubbers, ceramics and

glass.

5. Combine the human hair with animals or plant fibers in making a reinforced

concrete.

6. Perform other test aside from the three standard test conducted to the concrete

like: Abrasion Test, Air-Entering for Cement Test , Alkali-Reactivity Test, Heat of

Hydration Test and Resistance to freezing test.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Research work demands collaborative effort of many authorities and experts on

the focused fields as well as the service of librarians and staffs of archives. The

researchers wishes to express their deepest gratitude and appreciation to the following

persons who contributed to the successful completion of this undertaking.

Dr. Anna Samaniego, NCR Science Supervisor her encouragement and professional

assistance towards the completion and improvement of this study.

Dr. Ibanez, Division OIC Asst. Superintended, Mrs. Rufina Cuan, Education

Supervisor-Science for their assistance and encouragement to the researchers.

Dr. Fortunato B. Abude, Principal IV of Malabon National High School for his

untiring support and financial assistance for the conduct of laboratory test. Also for his

expert advice in the development of this research work.

Mrs. Anacoreta R. Trogo, MNHS Science Coordinator for her unselfish and

incomparable support in the development of this research work. Her assistance in every

competition this research work have gone through.

Mr. Mark Jason Collantes and Mrs. Myla German, for their valuable assistance in

the completion, submission and have supported the researchers in so many ways.

Ms. Mylene Jamendang, research teacher for her assistance in the computation of

the statistical data of this research.

Dr. Manolo C. Davantes Jr., our project adviser for his professional guidance and

expertise in field of research and for his scholarly advice that contributed much to the

improvement of this study. The untiring and unconditional support inspired the


researchers to achieve beyond their expected capacity. For giving us the needed trust,

encouragement and believe in ourselves.

The researchers friends and classmates, IV- their valuable support and

encouragement that gives them joy and strength to continue improving this research

work.

To all the members of the researchers family for their utmost concern, love and

cooperation which provided them the encouragement to complete this work.

Lastly, and above all, to God Almighty, the researchers gives thanks and praises

for His Divine favor in making this investigatory work come true.

IAN JONATHAN P. AUSTRIA

CAMILLE M. SUMANG

LOIS EVANGELINE R. ALAG


BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Documents

Manuscrip-Human-Hair-NCR-Phy-Team.pdf