Manufacturing Systems

What is Manufacturing?Manufacturing is the making of parts

and putting the parts together to make a product.

Imagine your life without manufacturing What would it be like?

We are all very dependent on manufacturing.

ManufacturingThe manufacturing industry is very

important to our society. It is important to our economy.An economy is a system for producing

and distributing products and services.Many citizens work in the manufacturing

industry help produce products. They buy products with the money they earn.

ManufacturingThe more products people buy, the

more products are manufactured. This allows more people to work.

Look around the room. Think about all the manufactured products you see. How would you have to adjust to life without these products?

Value Added?Manufacturing is important in another

way.A piece of material is worth more after it

has been changed into a useful product.That is called value added.The value is increased by the

manufacturing process.

The Development of Manufacturing In early days, families made their own

products to make their lives easier.This type of production was known as

the domestic production system.Any surplus (extra) was bartered

(traded) for other supplies the family could not afford to buy.

What could some of these items be?

The Development of Manufacturing

During the Cottage Industry Period, families began to specialize.

What do you think this means?

The Development of Manufacturing

During the Cottage Industry, families were actually making goods to sell.

Commercial manufacturing had begun.These families were not just making

their own thins and selling the rest.Products were still handmade.

The Development of ManufacturingThe factory system came into being in

the 1800’s.Machines were being developed.Factories were introduced as places for

manufacturing to continue to develop.These changes were being made to

manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution.

Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution refers to a

time when great changes in society and the economy were caused by the switch from products being made by hand at home to products being made by machines in factories.

Working conditions were very poor during this time.

The Development of ManufacturingToday manufacturing is still done in

factories.How are modern manufacturing facilities

safer and more efficient than old time factories?

How does the safety aspect in manufacturing effect worker morale and productivity?

Types of Modern ProductionThere are three basic types of modern

production systems: Custom Job Lot Continuous

The type of production system chosen depends on the kind of product to be made and the number or amount to be produced.

Custom Production In custom production, products are

made one at a time according to the customer’s specifications.

Each product is different.This type of production is usually the

most expensive per number of parts made.

Job Lot Production In job lot production, a certain quantity of a

product, called a lot, is made. A job is producing one lot. Many seasonal items, such as lawn mowers

and snow blowers are manufactured this way. Per part, this type of production is less

expensive than custom production. The cost can be spread over more products.

Continuous ProductionContinuous production is the system

used for mass producing products.This means a large quantity of the same

product is made in one steady process using an assembly line.

Continuous production is the most economical type of manufacturing system.

Assembly Line Production In an assembly line, the product moves

from one work station to the next while parts are added.

This type of production is also called line production or mass production.

An assembly line is set up an the products are continuously produced.

Who Does Manufacturing?Anyone can Manufacture.Can you think of ways you might

manufacture something using each type of production system?

What is a Company?A company is an organization formed by

a group of people for the purpose of doing business.

Large companies sometimes manufacture many different items. For instance, General Motors manufactures over 50 different types of cars and trucks.

CompaniesSometimes large companies own

smaller companies that manufacture different products. The smaller companies are called subsidiaries.

They are like separate companies but are controlled by the same parent company.

Manufacturing SystemsA technological system is needed to

efficiently produce manufactured goods.

This system has: Inputs Processes Outputs Feedback

Inputs Input includes anything that is put into the

system. The seven inputs in manufacturing are:

People Materials Tools and Machines Energy Capital Information Time

ProcessesProcesses are all the activities that

need to take place to make the product.There are two kinds of processes:

Management – People who make decisions for the company.

Production – People who physically help produce the product. They change the raw materials into a product.

OutputThe result of inputs and processes is

called output.One output is the manufactured

product.Other outputs, such as waste and

pollution, may not be expected, and they are certainly not wanted.

Impacts of ManufacturingThe outputs of a system affect us and

our world.The outputs of a system have become

so numerous and widely used that they have an impact on nearly every aspect of our lives.

Impacts of ManufacturingThey affect our economy.They affect our society.They affect our politics.They affect our environment.

In SummaryManufacturing is a system that

produces products for our use. It uses inputs to create the desired

outputs.The system is organized to change the

form of materials, using material processing and management technologies.

In SummaryThe activities within the system are

controlled by company and society goals.

If successful, manufacturing will provide goods at a fair price without harming the environment.

The owners of the company should earn a profit.