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Manufacturing. Modern manufacturing technologies and processes can produce quality products that enhance the quality of life while having a minimal negative impact on the environment. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ManufacturingModern manufacturing
technologies and processes can produce quality products that
enhance the quality of life while having a minimal negative impact
on the environment
Manufacturing
Manufacturing processes have been changed by improved tools and techniques based on more thorough scientific understanding, increases in the forces that can be applied and the temperatures that can be reached, and the availability of electronic controls that make operations occur more rapidly and consistently
Manufacturing History
Prior to the 19th Century manufacturing referred to hand-made products◦Artisans were considered the premier
manufacturers
Manufacturing History
The Industrial Revolution◦Lasted from roughly 1760 – 1840, and it is
technically still going…◦Machines began to take over hand-made
production Chemical manufacturing Iron and steel production processes Water and steam power Machine tools Bio-fuels
Manufacturing History
Impacts of the Industrial Revolution◦Average income and population have sustained
growth◦Standard of living increases◦Economic growth◦Social classes begin to come closer together
Manufacturing History
It is the process that changed!!◦The key to the Industrial Revolution and
continued change is efficiency with regard to waste, cost, and the environment
Focus of Manufacturing
Six areas that drive manufacturing◦Cost◦Quality◦Efficiency
Production, waste, environment, resources◦Delivery
Intermodalism – the use of multiple and appropriate forms or transportation in combinations or individually
◦Safety◦Morale
Of employees and industry Customer satisfaction and demand
Manufacturing Fun Fact that Changed Everything
In the mid 1900s the Jervis B. Webb Co. patented and created the first electronically coordinated conveyor system
It is the algorithm under which a system works that defines and shapes it
An algorithm is a logical arithmetical or computational procedure, that if correctly applied, ensures the solution of a problem. In manufacturing this means the recurring production of a product(s).
A Flow Chart is how we represent this in manufacturing
Start/end
ProcessInput/output
Decision
Arrows
Display
Parts of a Flow Chart
Start/End
Shape is a rounded rectangleStart is required of all flow chartsSome flow charts may not have an END
Process
Shape is rectangularProcess involves the action or the “verb”
part of the flowchartExamples include
◦Add 1◦Turn the motor on◦Turn the light off◦Rotate the part
Input/Output
Shape is a parallelogramIndicates that manual operation is neededExamples include
◦Type in the weight◦Check the balance◦Time the operation
Decision
Shape is a rhombusOutcome is either yes or noExamples include
◦Is this number larger than 10?◦Does the weight meet
specifications?◦Has the count been reached?
Arrows
Arrows indicate the flow of the chart.Arrows are drawn from the output of one
block to the input of another.Only one arrow can represent outputs.Multiple arrows may represent inputs.
Example
Count from 1 to 9 by odd numbers.Before attempting to draw the flowchart,
determine what you want the output to be.
What is the first block (always)?
Step 1
The output will be 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.The Start block is always first.
START
Step 2
The program begins with the number 1.
START
INPUT 1
Step 4
Now that there is a number, the program will state the number.
START
INPUT 1
SAY NUMBER
Step 3
The number 2 will be added to 1 so that the program will continue to count by odd numbers.
START
INPUT 1
ADD 2
SAY NUMBER
Why is Manufacturing Important
Manufacturing accounts for 20% of the US Gross Domestic Product
Manufacturing employs 17% of the US work Force◦When adding in all of the jobs that
manufacturing creates, or requires for operation, it accounts for 25% of the total US workforce
What Does Manufacturing Look Like Today
(ASRS) Automatic Storage and Retrieval System◦Moves material vertically or horizontally
between storage compartment and transfer station or within a process
(AGV) Automated Guided Vehicles◦Computer-controlled system using pallets to
transport work pieces to machine tools and other equipment in a flexible manufacturing system
What Does Manufacturing Look Like Today
(AI) Artificial Intelligence◦Machines learn from experience and begin to
problem solve on their own when things go wrong
(CIM) Computer Integrated Manufacturing◦A management philosophy for planning,
integration, and implementation of automation
What Does Manufacturing Look Like today
(FMS) Flexible Manufacturing Systems◦Systems that can adapt and change quickly
and efficiently as design specifications are altered These systems have increased productivity by an
average of 50% overall This type of system was adopted/adapted from
Japanese systems built off of Kaizen◦Kaizen – Japanese word for improvment
What Does Manufacturing Look Like Today
(JIT) Just-in-Time Manufacturing ◦A manufacturing system directed towards
eliminating waste. A management system where all aspects of the system depend heavily on one another for efficient operation This system is capable of producing mixed
products as changes can occur rapidly Utilizes and trains workers for multiple functions
What Does Manufacturing Look Like Today
(TPS) Toyota Production System◦Specifically applied to automotive
manufacturing. Is a very specific manufacturing system centered around CIM, JIT, and Lean Manufacturing Processes
◦Is one of the most efficient mass production systems
What Does Manufacturing Look Like Today
Lean Manufacturing◦Systematic elimination of waste◦Entire system must participate and work
together to produce effectivelyRapid Prototyping
◦Prototyping made directly from a computer model Technologies involved
◦Stereolithography, 3D Printing, Selective Laser Sintering, Fused Deposition Modeling
Manufacturing Processes
Primary Manufacturing Processes◦Turning raw materials into useable goods
These materials can be renewable or exhaustible
Secondary Manufacturing Processes◦Create Products through the use of primary
manufacturing end materials
The Processes
Inputs Processes
OutputsFeedback
Processes
Separating◦Involves the removal of material to expose
another◦Also referred to as the subtractive process
Processes
Forming◦Uses varying forces to cause a material to
permanently take a shape◦Changes material properties
Processes
Finishing◦May be completed before or after final
assembly◦Used primarily to protect a product from
various conditions◦Also used to enhance a product’s apperance
Processes
Finishing / Cleaning◦Techniques
Alkaline Cleaning Electrolitic Cleaning Solvent Cleaning Vapor Degreasing Acid Cleaning Abrasive Blasting Abrasive Wheels
Processes
Finishing◦Other possible Finishing Techniques
Coating Deburring Conditioning
Production Companies
Manufacturing Enterprises◦A complex system centered around a shared mission to
satisfy customer need in a manner in relation to a given product or service, or set of products or services. Professional employment ranges through all aspects of
educational background◦Management◦Design◦Finance◦Production◦Marketing◦Distribution◦Etc. etc. etc…