Mansel A Nelson Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals Basics Strategies for Maintaining...
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. Mansel A Nelson Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals Basics Strategies for Maintaining Good Indoor Air Quality Indoor Air Quality in Tribal Communities 1
Mansel A Nelson Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals Basics Strategies for Maintaining Good Indoor Air Quality Indoor Air Quality in Tribal
Mansel A Nelson Institute for Tribal Environmental
Professionals Basics Strategies for Maintaining Good Indoor Air
Quality Indoor Air Quality in Tribal Communities 1
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Presentation How Lungs Work What is IAQ? Basic Strategies to
address IAQ Source Reduction Ventilation Air Cleaning 2
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Mansel Nelson, ITEP 3
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Lungs 4
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Cardiovascular Connection Gases and small particles distributed
widely after entering bloodstream If lungs are not functioning
properly, heart must work harder 5
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Protect the Lungs of Young Children Lungs of young children are
very sensitive Air pollution can damage lungs for a lifetime
Exposure to air pollutants can cause asthma, which can last a
lifetime Lung infections can damage lungs for a lifetime 6
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What Is Indoor Air Quality? Two types Acceptable Air in
occupied space toward which substantial majority of occupants
express no dissatisfaction and in which there are not likely to be
known contaminants at concentrations leading to exposures that pose
a significant health risk (as opposed to occupational/industrial
settings) Unacceptable Majority of occupants in an occupied space
that express dissatisfaction or one or more individuals perceive a
problem with indoor air 8
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Risk Factor Components for IAQ Heating, Ventilation, and
Air-Conditioning (HVAC) equipment Carbon Dioxide concentrations
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Microbial Organisms (mold,
bacteria) Temperature Relative Humidity Bio-effluents Other sources
(radon, noise, light, asbestos, lead, ETS, vermin) Build-up of
outdoor air contaminants inside 9
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Basic Principles 1. Source Control 2. Ventilation 3. Air
Cleaning 11
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Source Control Improving quality of indoor air is vital for
human health Preferred strategy Increasing ventilation higher
energy costs 12
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Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) No risk-free level of
exposure to secondhand smoke. Eliminate from indoor environment
Following actions DO NOT protect nonsmokers Separating smokers from
nonsmokers Cleaning the air Ventilating buildings 13
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Consider alternative heating sources 14
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Cleaners and Air Fresheners Average US household uses 40 lbs of
chemicals each year Average household stores more than 60 hazardous
products Many of the products are loaded with fragrances and
petroleum-distilled chemicals (Volatile Organic Compounds / VOCs)
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DO NOT clean the air They add more air pollutants 16
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Read and follow label instructions IPM preferred 17
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Carbon Monoxide (CO) All burning emits CO Alarms are backup
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Radon Radioactive gas Radon Resistant Construction (Keep it
out) www.radonleaders.org 19
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Outside Sources Reduce idling of buses Location of dumpsters
Watch for fresh air intakes 20
Basic Principles 1. Source Control 2. Ventilation 3. Air
Cleaning 28
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Ventilation Higher energy costs Tension between weatherization
and indoor air quality Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRV) Heat
Capacity of air is LOW 29
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Source Ventilation Exhaust out of building 30
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Source Ventilation (cont.) 31
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Gas stoves release low CO and lots of moisture Cooking releases
moisture Make sure range hood vents to outside 32
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Gas stoves release low CO and lots of H2O 33
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Source Ventilation (cont.) 34
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Art and Science Classrooms 35
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Ventilation Outside Air ASHRAE provides guidelines ASHRAE
62.1-2007 36
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Classroom Ventilation 37
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How Much Outside Air (OA)? ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Offices= 17 cubic
feet/minute (cfm)/person Libraries= 17 cfm/person Science Labs= 1
cfm/sq. ft. Auditoriums= 5 cfm/person Indoor Gymnasium= 0.3
cfm/sq.ft. Art Classrooms= 0.7 cfm/sq.ft. Health Care (patients
rooms)= 25 cfm/person
www.mintie.com/assets/pdf/education/ASHRAE%2062.1 -2007.pdf 38
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Heating, Ventilation, and Air- Conditioning System Location of
outside air intakes Air handlers inspected periodically Filters
changed periodically, wet/dirty, appropriate for occupancy (office,
school, hospital, automotive garage, etc.) Exchange indoor air
frequently (flush) Sufficient outside air brought in? Standing
water anywhere in system; moisture on interior duct surfaces
Heating/Cooling coils free of dirt and debris Visible slimes on
duct surfaces 39
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Basic Principles 1. Source Control 2. Ventilation 3. Air
Cleaning Air cleaning is only recommended after proper source
control and ventilation steps are taken. 40
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Air Cleaners Generally not effective for gaseous pollutants
Efficiency for collecting pollutants (HEPA = 99.97% of 0.3 micron
particles) Moving air through cleaning element On going maintenance
Combine with source removal and ventilation 41
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Air Cleaners Buyer beware! No Ozone Air Cleaners True HEPA
Filter Activated Charcoal Size for the space and air flows 42
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Air Cleaning Donts These methods may make air quality WORSE DO
NOT USE Ozone (sold under many different guises) Ozone is an air
pollutant Chemical reactions may lead to even more dangerous air
pollutants Air Fresheners typically attempt to cover up odors and
add more air pollutants Electronic or electrostatic cleaners that
may add ozone 43
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Summary Maintaining Healthy IAQ Connected to health of building
occupants No silver bullets If it is too good to be true Source
control is preferred strategy 44
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More Information www.epa.gov/iaq
www.cpsc.gov/en/Safety-Education/Safety-
Guides/Home/The-Inside-Story-A-Guide- to-Indoor-Air-Quality/
www.cpsc.gov/en/Safety-Education/Safety-
Guides/Home/The-Inside-Story-A-Guide- to-Indoor-Air-Quality/
www.epa.gov/indoorairplus/ www.cdc.gov/healthyhomes/bytopic/airqua
lity.html www.cdc.gov/healthyhomes/bytopic/airqua lity.html 45
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Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP) Mansel
A. Nelson, Senior Program Coordinator Indoor Air Quality in Tribal
Communities Northern Arizona University (NAU) www.nau.edu/iaqtc/
[email protected] Voice 928 523 1275 FAX 928 523 1280 PO Box
5768, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 46
