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1Confidentiel Industrie MANOPI, 2012

Dealing with aircraft accident at sea,Efficient Crisis Management

By Mr. Hubert THOMASTechnical Manager,

MANOPI - FRANCE

MANOPI

TRIDENT - AUV SCHOOLPort de Soller (Mallorca), October 3rd, 2012

2012-10-03 ACSA WShop AUV School Soller.ppt

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ACSA UNDERWATER POSITIO NING & ROBOTI CS

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SERVICE COMPANY: MANOPI

ACSA is a high-tech company manufacturing advanced underwater positioningequipment and robotics.

Even if ACAS has always responded under very short notice in critical situationto authorities and navies requests for ULBs Search at sea, the company is notorganized to mobilize its experts for such operations.

Moreover, Investigation Authorities have expressed interest to contractualiseblack boxes relocation services to a highly specialized and independentservice company.

As a consequence MANOPI* has been created to perform FDR and VDR pre-localization (Detector-1000), accurate positioning (GIB-SAR buoys) systemsand training to exercises.

* MANOPI and ACSA companies belong to French private ALCEN's group.

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PRESENTATION PLAN

1/ INTRO DUCTION

2/ ALERTMENT - ACCIDENTS TYPE

3/ TRADITIONAL SAR MEANS

4/ FLYING TEAM CONCEPT

5/ ACSA EQUIPMENT SUITE

6/ ACCIDENT TRACK RECORDS

7/ NEXT STEP - RECOVERY ISSUES

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READ IN THE PRESS

"However, if the technology is available, let'scalculate the cost and talk about the details later"

Aircraft company representative

"Parts of aircraft might have drifted southfollowing sea currents at a speed of 0.7 knots.

After 10 days they could be as far as 300 km away."Accident "A "

Accident "B"

Accident "C"

Day 3 : Wreck and black boxes have been found in 1300 m, Day 6 : Precise localization of black boxes is complex ...Day 10 : Black boxes have been found in 70 m, ...

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2009

2009

2010

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MANOPI

Copyright ACSA 2009Confidentiel Industrie

2009 - AF-447 Search reality

TPL Ship #1 TPL Ship #2Dedicated Ship"Pourquoi Pas"

VICTOR SARSNA

Sa tellites Frigates

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ALERTMENT PROCEDURE

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- IATAInternational Air Transport Association

- ICAOInternational Civil Aviation Organization

- Chicago convention Appendix 13

Rules aircratf accidents investigations

How do we know an accident has occured ?

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ACCIDENT TYPES

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- Tentative to land on

sea surface

- High speed crash

Completely different to deal with ?

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ACCIDENT TYPE 1

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ACCIDENT TYPE 2

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ACCIDENT NUMBER

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- 41 Major civil aircraft accident over the period 1969-2011

- Numerous helicopters accidents

- Numerous military aircrafs accidents(Refer to French Navy List)

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ACCIDENTS DEPTHS

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Number Cumulated %

0-50 m 14 14 39%

50-300 m 10 24 67%

300-1000 m 3 27 75%

1000-2500 m 5 32 89%

> 2500 m 4 36 100%

Accidents

Depths

13

19

Divers Recovery

ROV Recovery

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TIME TO RECOVER BLACK BO XES (VD R - FDR)

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CrashDate Flight Site

WaterDepth BB #1 BB#2

17/07/96 TWA Flight 800 SW South Island 30 m +8 +8

02/09/98 Swissair Flight 111 Halifax 55 m +4 +931/10/99 Egyptair Flight 990 New York Waters 85 m +9 +13

30/01/00 Kenia Flight 431 2 miles offshore Abidjan 50 m +6 >14

31/01/00 Alaska Airlines 261 Los Angeles -- Pt. Mugu 230 m +3 +4

25/05/02 China Airlines CI-611 Taiwan Straight 70 m +24 >24

12/12/06 Hlico RSNF Red Sea Jeddah 1040 m +70 -

01/06/09 AF-447 Rio-Paris Brasil 4 500 +700 -

30/06/09 YEMENIA Y-626 Comores 1 200 +59 +5924/09/09 PA CDG Mditerrane Perpignan 700 +30 -

03/01/04 Flash airlines Egypt Red Sea Tiran Strait 1000 m + 13 +14

03/05/06 A320 Armania Black Sea Sotchi 496 m + 20 + 22

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OPERATIONS COSTS

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Craf t of opportunity : 1000-2000 $/Day

DP SHIP : 150.000-170.000 $/Day

LUMP SUM : 3 M USD

AVERAGE : 6 M USD

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SEARCH OPERATIONS

At sea a ircraft accidents are especially difficult to deal with

Crash point coordinates are poorly known

When surface debris are found, they have been pushed awayby wind and currents

Access to search area is difficult due to weather conditionsand distance to shore

SAR operations require specific equipment not available locally

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KEY ISSUES

Fast and accurate Black Boxes localization and recovery is a keyissue in crisis management

Failing to give consistent and correct information at the very earlystage to the media will lead to:

- contradictory information given by the crisis communication cell,- local authorities and national airlines' reputation damage,

- social media network tendency to spiral out of control,- and finally lost of sovereignty.

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KEY ISSUES

At the op posite, as soon as the crisis room can announce thatblack bo xes have been located and not only heard,media stop hassling the crisis cell.

When recorders coordinates are known with a metric accuracy,then, time is no more a critical issue.

It allows investigation authorities to select and contractualiseadequate recovery means with no pressure.

The recovery means have then time to transit and can even arrive

on site later than the critical 30 days following accident date. Further, the ROV will reach CVR and FDR very quickly,

even if ULBs are no more active.

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EFFICIENT OPERATION MEAN S

Guaran teed success

Lower operational costs

Crisis communicationunder full control

Operational and cost efficiency is now possible worldwideand accessible to every investigation authority

based on ACSA's solutions.

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UNDERWATER LOCATION BEA CONS ( ULBs)

Each aircraf t Black Box (CVR & FDR) carries an emergency locator beaconalso named "ULB" for Underwater Locator Beacon broadcasting acoustic signals.They are sp ecially design for relocation purposes.

ULBs characteristics are:- Frequency : 37.5 kHz +/- 1kHz ,- Transmit level : 160 dB ,- Repetition rate : ~1 Hz +/- 10%,- Autonomy : 30 days,- Collapsing depth : 6000 m,

Additional difficulties

- 2 similar acoustic sources close by,- Sea noise level could be above signal level- Ray bending (Thermocline layer)

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TRADITIONAL SAR MEANS (A coustic Relocati o n)

Underw ater directional finders

Towed pinger locators

Acoustic homing devices

Accuracy +/- 100 mOperate in calm weather

30 Tons to air lift+ Supply ship

Requires ROV and DP Ship

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MANOPIs FLYING TEAM CON CEPT

MANOPI has gained a strong background in aircrafts, helicopters,weapons relocation and assistance to distressed submarinesin numerous complex situations.

MANOPI improved during critical situations the GIB-SAR designto finally set-up the Flying Team concept as a SAR methodology

for fast and accurate Black Boxes localization and recovery.

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MANOPI's FLYING TEAM CON CEPT

Efficienc y is linked to sequencing operations step by step:1/ Understand accident environment2/ Locate hay stack3/ Locate needles4/ Determine wreck depth5/ Select adequate rescue means6/ Fast recovery by homing directly onto target using longitude

and latitude coordinates

What have we learned from previous experiences ?

Needles metric positioning accuracy highlyreduces recovery operations time and costs !

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FLYING TEAM OPERATIONAL APPROA CH

The Flying Team is composed of 3 experts, well trained and continuouslykept at the highest level of expertise to conduct Black Boxes localizationand recove ry operations, using ACSA's suite of equipment and proceedingstep by step in a very secure way.

Team is ready to be flown 7/7 day to any place worldwide.

- Team is flown to site on commercialairlines together with search equipment

- On site mobilization of a vessel of opportunity- Transit to accident site, even in bad weather- Relocate hay stack and needles

- Measure wreck depth

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ACSA SYSTEMS

DETECTOR-1000DETECTOR-1000On going

R&DProgram*

Unveiledearly in 2013

FindHay

Stack

LocateNeedles

GuideRecovery

mean

GIB-SAR

Continental Shelf(300 m)

Deep Water(2 000 m)

Ultra Deep Water(6 000 m)

* Following AF-447 accident

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DETECTOR-1000 - OPERATIO NAL PRO CEDURE

1. Dip D etector below thermoclineand surface noise,

2. Acquire signal for 10 minutes,

3. Recover it back on board,

4. While transiting to next station,Process data: ULB is around or not,

5. Dip again until ULB is detected.

Detection without false alarm:Software output ULBs actual frequencies & repetition rates

Operations not dependant on weather conditions

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DETECTOR-1000 - COVERAGE EXAMP LE

Detection range 5 kmSearch area 50x50 Km

49 Stations

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GIB-SAR BUOYS - LOCALIZAT ION PRI NCIPLE

Unlike tradit ional acoustic direction finders, ACSA proposes an innovativetechnique b ased on measuring the time of arrival of ULB's acoustic signalson a 4 buoys surface network drifting within the search area.

Each buoy measures the time of arrival (TOA*) of the signals and transmitsthis information together with its own D-GPS position to the Control and Displayconsole installed on board the support ship using a local radio network.

The ULB acoustic signal propagation time is directly converted to ULB/buoypseudo distance, knowing the sound velocity, then the position of the acoustic

source is given by triangulation. The positions of the buoys are known in WGS-84coordinates and so is the ULBs position.

* TOA is measured with a 10 -4 accuracy (+/- 15 cm on distance measurements).

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GIB-SAR BUOYS - LOCALIZAT ION PRI NCIPLE

The ACS A's GIB-SAR system allows a1 meter ULB's positioning accuracy incoastal and offshore waters up to 2.000

meters.It is also used for guidance of therecovery mean.

For example, it only took 15 minutes,during a critical operation, in more than

1.000 meters, for a ROV to join anhelicopter wreck as positioned by theGIB-SAR system.

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TRIANGULATION PRINCIPLE

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GIB-SAR BUOYS SYNOPSIS

* TOA is measured with a 10 -4 accuracy (+/- 15 cm on distance measurements).

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GPSBOARD

PROCESSOR

RADIOUHF

ACOUSTICMODULE

Hydrophone

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POINTS TO KEEP IN MIND

By impr oving UW positioning accuracy by a factor 10, searcharea is r educed by a 100 factor and operations cost will follow !

Today, a positioning accuracy of 1 m is a reality on thecontinental shelf, 5 m at greater depth, when right equipment isemployed and properly operated.

Such an accuracy open the path to new innovative underwaterrobotics solutions.

MANOPI is strongly willing to develop such solutions to offer afull package from positioning to recovery.

MANOPI

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ACCIDENT TRACK RECORDS

Key oper ations have been conducted in the past together with the FrenchNavy and the French Bureau of Investigation (BEA) :

Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt 2004,

Sotchi, Russia - 2006,

Saudi Arabia Red Sea - 2007.

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ACCIDENTS TRACK RECORDS Sharm -El-Shei kh, EGY PT 2004

Crashed into the Red Sea shortly aftertakeoff approximately 6 nautical milessouthwest of the airport.

Due to the depth of the Red Sea in the areawhere the accident occured (approximately1.000 meters), specialized recoveryressources were required.

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ACCIDENTS TRACK RECORDS Sharm -El-Shei kh, EGY PT 2004

FDR/CVR Recovery

The Fren ch Navy used an directional acousticdetector mo unted on a pole. The seafloor beinguncharted at that time, locating the beacons wascomplicated by possible reflections and echoes.

12 days after the crash, the French Navy called ACSA to narrow the search area.

On January 15th, 4 hours after accessing thesearch area, ACSA system produced a new pingerposition accurate to within +/- 5 meters.

A visual search of a grid created around the newpinger location resulted in the discovery of the FDRon January 16, 2004.

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MANOPI Investigation Organization

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MANOPI Investigation Organization

Capt. KeladaIIC

Grard LegauffreFrench Acc Rep

Recovery Group

FDR/CVR Group

Systems Group

Operations Group

Other Groups

Olivier FerranteBEA Liaison

French Navy

French CommercialShips

Technical advisors

Fran k HilldrupUS Acc Rep

Egyptian Navy

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2004 OPERATIONS TIME FRA ME

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Alertment

Environment assesmen t

Resce means mobilization

Accurate localization

Black boxes recovery

Investigations

Weeks

ACSA

I. Batz

Ile de Batz

Janus

CEPHISMER

BEAUTEMPS

SOMME& TOURVILLE

MOBILISATION&

TRANSIT

62 3 4 51

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 2 4 6 8 10 11

PATMAR

LocaliserGuiderRcuprer

1

2

3

4

D + 2

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Triangulation results

37.5 kHz

Emergency Locator Beacon

Zooming in on the EchoD + 12

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g

Positional uncertainty abo ut 10 me ters

Point Zro

ACSA location

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Black Sea Sotchi, RUSSIA 200 6

BEA Missio n

Airbus accident in the Black Sea

Depth : 500 meters

Needles positioning : 4 Hours Recovery: 5 weeks later, Recorders where buried in mud !

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Red Sea 2007 - Military Helic opter

French Navy Mission

Helicopter accident in the Red Sea Depth : > 1.000 meters Mission occurred at the end of

ULBs battery life

Helicopter positioning : 24 Hours poor acoustic propagation due tobiologic life (deep scattering layer)

Positioning accuracy +/- 5m Recovery: 5 weeks later, ROV found the helicopter in less

than 13 minutes, without sonar!DP Ship Log Book

13 min

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NEXT STEP

Copyright ACSA 2009Confidentiel Industrie

Photo IDB et ROV ...

How to reduce recovery costs?

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HOW TO REDUCE COSTS SOLUTIONS

How to reduce costs?

- Get rid of DP Ship

- Advance d robotics solutions

- Is technology available today?

- Proposal is to move fromTRL 5-6 level up to 7-8

- MANOPI invites you to discuss

how to meet this new challenge

- Depth objective: 3000 m

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QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSIONS

How to reduce costs?

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NEXT STEP - INVITATION TO VISIT US

Aix-en-Provence

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POINTS OF CONTACT

Mail:

[email protected]

Cell:

+33 6 21 50 02 43

or visit:

www.alcen.com
http://www.underwater-gps.com/http://www.underwater-gps.com/

Documents

Manopi 12-10-03 Soller