Manmade Wonders of the Manmade Wonders of the World:World:

Mamayev KurganMamayev Kurgan

Работу Работу выполнилавыполнила

КоноваловаКоновалова

ЕленаЕлена

ИвановнаИвановна

History of Mamayev Kurgan History of Mamayev Kurgan

Mamayev Kurgan got its name during Mamayev Kurgan got its name during the period of the Mongol invasions. The the period of the Mongol invasions. The top of the hill used to be a guard post top of the hill used to be a guard post during the reign of Khan Mamai. One during the reign of Khan Mamai. One hundred troops that were devoted to hundred troops that were devoted to the khan and picked from his personal the khan and picked from his personal bodyguard would stand guard on this bodyguard would stand guard on this hill to protect the capital of the Sarai hill to protect the capital of the Sarai Berke Khanate from sudden attack.Berke Khanate from sudden attack.

The Memorial Complex at The Memorial Complex at Mamayev KurganMamayev Kurgan

Figures indicate:Figures indicate:1.1. Memorial ParkMemorial Park2.2. Alley of FriendshipAlley of Friendship3.3. High relief-introductory set High relief-introductory set

to the memorial complexto the memorial complex4.4. Poplar AlleyPoplar Alley5.5. Stone tableau entitled Stone tableau entitled

"Fight to the Death""Fight to the Death"6.6. The set "Ruined Walls"The set "Ruined Walls"7.7. Heroes' SquareHeroes' Square8.8. Entrance to Hall of ValourEntrance to Hall of Valour9.9. PantheonPantheon10.10.Square of SorrowSquare of Sorrow11.11.Common GravesCommon Graves12.12.Symbolic figure of the Symbolic figure of the

Motherland.Motherland.

Information on the Memorial Information on the Memorial Complex at Mamayev KurganComplex at Mamayev Kurgan

Designers and Sculptors:Designers and Sculptors:Chief SculptorChief Sculptor Ye. Vuchetich Ye. VuchetichChief ArchitectChief Architect Ya. Byelopolsky Ya. ByelopolskyArchitects:Architects: V. DeminV. Demin,, F. Lysov F. LysovSculptors:Sculptors: M. AlyeshchenkoM. Alyeshchenko,, V. Matrosov V. Matrosov,, L. L. MaistrenkoMaistrenko,,

A. MelnikA. Melnik,, V. Morgunov V. Morgunov,, N. N. NovikovNovikov,, A. Tyurenkov A. Tyurenkov Chief EngineerChief Engineer N. NikitinN. Nikitin Military ConsultantMilitary Consultant V. Chuikov.V. Chuikov.

In 1970, Vuchetich, Byelopolsky, Demin, Matrosov, In 1970, Vuchetich, Byelopolsky, Demin, Matrosov, Novikov andNovikov and Tyurenkov were awarded the Lenin Prize Tyurenkov were awarded the Lenin Prize for their work on the Mamayev Kurgan Memorial for their work on the Mamayev Kurgan Memorial Complex.Complex.

The whole complex took more than 8 years to build.The whole complex took more than 8 years to build. It was opened on October 15th, 1967.It was opened on October 15th, 1967.

The idea of erecting a The idea of erecting a magnificent monument magnificent monument in the hero-city itself in in the hero-city itself in memory of the Battle of memory of the Battle of Stalingrad was mooted Stalingrad was mooted immediately after the immediately after the war. From 1945 to war. From 1945 to 1955 a competition 1955 a competition was held across the was held across the whole country to find whole country to find the best design for a the best design for a monument of this kind. monument of this kind. The winning entry was The winning entry was that submitted by the that submitted by the sculptor Eugenie sculptor Eugenie Vuchetich, People's Vuchetich, People's Artist of the Soviet Artist of the Soviet Union.Union.

More than 1 More than 1

million cubic million cubic metres of metres of earth was earth was moved. moved. ApproximatelApproximately 20 thousand y 20 thousand cubic metres cubic metres of concrete of concrete were laid and were laid and more than 25 more than 25 thousand thousand tons of metal tons of metal used.used.

Facts and FiguresFacts and Figures

Introductory MuralIntroductory Mural

The wall is The wall is 17 m long, 8 17 m long, 8 m high and m high and 3 m wide 3 m wide and its base and its base is 0.75 m in is 0.75 m in height. It is height. It is made of a made of a single single hollow block hollow block of ferro-of ferro-concrete concrete and contains and contains 11 figures.11 figures.

The Granite StepsThe Granite Steps

They rise to a height of 10 m.They rise to a height of 10 m.

Steps lead upwards to the Steps lead upwards to the Avenue of Lombardy Poplars, Avenue of Lombardy Poplars, which runs straight as an arrow. which runs straight as an arrow.

The Avenue of Lombardy The Avenue of Lombardy PoplarsPoplars

It is 223 m It is 223 m long. It rises long. It rises gradually to gradually to a height of a height of 2020 m.m.

"Fight to the "Fight to the Death!" SquareDeath!" Square

The height of the The height of the statue is 16.5 m statue is 16.5 m and the base 12.5 and the base 12.5 m x 15 m. m x 15 m.

The figure is The figure is symbolic of the symbolic of the whole Soviet whole Soviet people, fighting to people, fighting to the death. The the death. The soldier is flesh soldier is flesh and blood of his and blood of his Motherland.Motherland.

Ruined WallsRuined Walls The set is made from The set is made from

a solid block of a solid block of ferroconcrete. The ferroconcrete. The walls are 64 m long walls are 64 m long each and the height each and the height varies from 17.5 at varies from 17.5 at the highest point to 5 the highest point to 5 m at the lowest. In m at the lowest. In width they range from width they range from 4.5 m to 2 m. The 4.5 m to 2 m. The steps are 40 m at the steps are 40 m at the widest point and 18 m widest point and 18 m at the narrowest.at the narrowest.

Ruined WallsRuined Walls

They show scenes of They show scenes of the fierce fighting the fierce fighting that took place for that took place for every house. The every house. The inscriptions on the inscriptions on the Walls are Walls are documentary. They documentary. They had been selected had been selected from the walls of from the walls of the ruined city.the ruined city.

Heroes' SquareHeroes' SquareThe overall dimensions of the pool are 25.6 m x 86 m The overall dimensions of the pool are 25.6 m x 86 m

and its surface area is 2,200 sq. m. It is built from a and its surface area is 2,200 sq. m. It is built from a solid water proofed block of ferro-concrete and faced solid water proofed block of ferro-concrete and faced with slabs of forged grey granite 1 m wide.with slabs of forged grey granite 1 m wide.

The wall is brick and set on a concrete base. It is 112 m The wall is brick and set on a concrete base. It is 112 m long, 8 m high and 1 m wide. All the sculptured sets long, 8 m high and 1 m wide. All the sculptured sets are made from solid blocks of ferro-concrete. The are made from solid blocks of ferro-concrete. The figures are 6 m and their bases are 1 m in height.figures are 6 m and their bases are 1 m in height.

““Were they mortal?”Were they mortal?”

On the Heroes’ On the Heroes’ Square there are six Square there are six sculptural sets, sculptural sets, placed, as it were, placed, as it were, in answer to this in answer to this question. Each tells question. Each tells a story in stone of a story in stone of the courage the courage displayed by the displayed by the defenders of defenders of StalingradStalingrad

The Hall of ValourThe Hall of Valour

It is cylindrical in shape. It is cylindrical in shape. With a diameter of 40 m and With a diameter of 40 m and a height of 13.5 m. The hall a height of 13.5 m. The hall itself is partially sunk into the itself is partially sunk into the ground and the section below ground and the section below ground-level is made from a ground-level is made from a solid ferro-concrete block solid ferro-concrete block with pre-fabricated ferro-with pre-fabricated ferro-concrete fittings. The walls concrete fittings. The walls from ground-level to the from ground-level to the ceiling are lined with bricks ceiling are lined with bricks united with cement. The roof united with cement. The roof is made from a solid block of is made from a solid block of ferro-concrete with 36 ribs ferro-concrete with 36 ribs and an opening 11 m in and an opening 11 m in diameter. The ground area of diameter. The ground area of the hall is 1,250sq. m. The the hall is 1,250sq. m. The hand is made from white hand is made from white ornamental cement and faced ornamental cement and faced with marble chips. The floor with marble chips. The floor is polished black granite.is polished black granite. Against the background Against the background golden smelt there are 34 golden smelt there are 34 flags bearing the names of flags bearing the names of the fallen. Around the hall the fallen. Around the hall there are 13 columns, each 9 there are 13 columns, each 9 m in height and m in height and

2 x 2 m across.2 x 2 m across.

The Guard ofThe Guard of HonourHonour was was inaugurated on January 28th, 1968. inaugurated on January 28th, 1968. Soldiers stand on guard from 9 a. m. Soldiers stand on guard from 9 a. m. until 7 or 8 p. m. (depending on the until 7 or 8 p. m. (depending on the time of the year). Changing of the time of the year). Changing of the guard takes place every hour. guard takes place every hour. Trooping the colours takes place on Trooping the colours takes place on the Square of Grief once a day (5 p. the Square of Grief once a day (5 p. m. in winter and 6 p. m. in summer). m. in winter and 6 p. m. in summer). The ceremony takes place to the The ceremony takes place to the accompaniment of a military band accompaniment of a military band and in the presence of the whole duty and in the presence of the whole duty guard for that day.guard for that day.

The Square of GriefThe Square of Grief

It is 11 m high.It is 11 m high.

The overall volume of the The overall volume of the mound is 221.5 thousand cubic mound is 221.5 thousand cubic metres. The width of the path metres. The width of the path that winds round it is 2 m.that winds round it is 2 m.

The statue on the Square of The statue on the Square of GriefGrief

A mother bends A mother bends over a fallen over a fallen soldier, whose soldier, whose face is covered by face is covered by the flag. Other the flag. Other women will come women will come and see under that and see under that flag the faces of flag the faces of their loved ones – their loved ones – husbands, fathers, husbands, fathers, brothers.brothers.

The Main MonumentThe Main Monument It is made of solid block of ferro It is made of solid block of ferro

concrete. It is 52 m in height. The concrete. It is 52 m in height. The length of the arms is 20 m. The length of the arms is 20 m. The weight of the hanging part of the weight of the hanging part of the scarf alone is 250 tons. The figure is scarf alone is 250 tons. The figure is 30 times larger than life size. It is not 30 times larger than life size. It is not fixed to its base by anything other fixed to its base by anything other than its own weight. At night the than its own weight. At night the statue is illuminated by floodlights.statue is illuminated by floodlights.

The figure of the MotherlandThe figure of the Motherland

She stands against She stands against the wind. She seems the wind. She seems to be shouting and to be shouting and pointing in the pointing in the directions of the directions of the Volga. The mother is Volga. The mother is calling upon her sons calling upon her sons and daughters to and daughters to defend their country defend their country in its hour of need.in its hour of need.

"" Motherland is Calling Motherland is Calling ""

In the winter of 1972-73 In the winter of 1972-73 the statue was covered the statue was covered with a special compound with a special compound to protect it against to protect it against weathering. This process weathering. This process has to be carried out has to be carried out every 15 to 20 years. every 15 to 20 years.

The sword is made from The sword is made from stainless steel. It is 29 m stainless steel. It is 29 m long and weighs 14 tons.long and weighs 14 tons.

Mamaev KurganMamaev Kurgan

The memorial The memorial complex on Mamaev complex on Mamaev Kurgan is dedicated Kurgan is dedicated to all those who to all those who defended Stalingrad, defended Stalingrad, living and dead, living and dead, officers and men. It officers and men. It tells in stone the tells in stone the history of the battle history of the battle of Stalingrad.of Stalingrad.