Manipulating molecules

Biot-111Lecture 4

Types of molecules• Nucleic Acids

– Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)• Chromosomal DNA• Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, or less popularly, mDNA) • Chloroplast DNA

– Ribonucleic acid (RNA)• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)• Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Transfer RNA (tRNA)

– Complementary DNA (cDNA) RNA-DNA Hybrid

• Proteins– Structural proteins

• E.g. Membrane proteins

– Functional proteins • E.g. Enzymes

» Helicases

» Transferases

» Proteases

» Nucleases

» Kinases

» Phosphatases etc.

Manipulating Nucleic Acids / cloning

Isolation and Purification of Nucleic Acid

Restriction analysis

Selection of suitable vector

Recombination

Insertion into a suitable host

Screening and selection of recombinants

The tools of recombinant DNA technology