MANILA TYTANA COLLEGES · Web viewMANILA TYTANA COLLEGES Manila Doctors College of Nursing Pres. Diosdado Macapagal Blvd., Metropolitan Park, Pasay City COURSE OUTLINE COURSE TITLE

MANILA TYTANA COLLEGESManila Doctors College of Nursing

Pres. Diosdado Macapagal Blvd., Metropolitan Park, Pasay City

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE TITLE : THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING

COURSE CODE : TFN

COURSE DESCRIPTION : This course deals with the meta-concepts of a person, health, environment and nursing as viewed by the different theorists. Likewise, it includes non-nursing theories such as systems, developmental and change theories. It presents how these concepts and theories serve as guide to nursing practice. It further deals with health as a multi factorial phenomenon and the necessary core competencies that the nurse need to develop.

CREDIT UNITS : 3 units

PRE-REQUISITE : Psychology

PLACEMENT : 1st Year, 1st Semester

NO. OF HOURS : 54 Lecture hours

TERMINAL COMPETENCIES : At the end of the course and given case scenarios, the student should be able to:

Cognitive1. Differentiate the views given by various nursing theorists on person, health,

environment, and nursing. 2. Describe the various nursing and non – nursing theories as applied to the nursing

practice.3. Imbibe the values of teamwork, respect, love of God, integrity, caring, and other

values essential to the nursing profession4. Develop a deeper awareness of his/her rights, duties, and responsibilities to God,

country, and the world.

Psychomotor5. Utilize selected nursing and non – nursing theories in the care of clients.1. Demonstrate selected competencies under eleven key areas of responsibilities

pertinent to nursing

Affective1. Relate with client(s) and their family and the health team appropriately.2. Observe biothetical concepts/principles, core values and nursing standards in the

care of clients3. Manifest core values of nursing and the College

Time Allotment LEARNING CONTENT

Week 13 Hours

I. MTC VMOA. Vision

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B. MissionC. Core Values

1. Caring2. Competent3. Committed 4. Culturally-adaptive5. Creative6. Competitive Advantage

II. Academic RequirementsA. Grading SystemB. Class Standing C. AttendanceD. Major ExaminationsE. Other requirementsF. Textbooks and References

III. Academic PoliciesA. Absences and TardinessB. Classroom RoutineC. Examination Policies and Procedures D. Classroom BehaviorE. Evaluating Student’s ProgressF. ConsultationG. Subject Head and Mentoring

IV. Diagnostic Examination and Rationalization

Week 23 hours

INTRODUCTION TO NURSING THEORY

I. History of Nursing TheoryII. Significance of Nursing Theory

A. DisciplineB. Profession

III. Components/Elements of Nursing TheoryA. PurposeB. ConceptsC. PropositionsD. DefinitionsE. Assumptions

IV. Uses of Nursing TheoryV. Analysis of Nursing Theory

A. ClarityB. SimplicityC. GeneralityD. Empirical PrecisionE. Derivable Consequences

VI. The Nursing TheoryA. Fundamental Beliefs in Nursing

1. Logical Positivism2. Empiricism3. Historicism4. Human Science5. Ethics6. Metaphysics7. Epistemology, ontology, aesthetics

B. Types/Classification1. According to Level of Abstraction

a. Grand Theoryb. Middle-Range Theoryc. Situation-specific Theory

2. According to Goal Orientation

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a. Descriptive Theoryb. Prescriptive Theory

C. Metaparadigms of Nursing1. Health2. Human3. Environment4. Nursing

CLIENT-CENTERED NURSING THEORIES

I. Florence Nightingale: Environmental Model – 1859A. The TheoristB. The Theory

1. Phenomenon2. Idea3. The Metaparadigms

a. Personb. Healthc. Environmentd. Nursing

4. Key Conceptsa. Health of Housesb. Ventilation and Warmingc. Lightd. Noisee. Varietyf. Bed and Beddingg. Cleanliness of Rooms and Wallsh. Personal Cleanlinessi. Nutrition and Taking Foodj. “Chattering Hopes and Advices”k. Observation of the Sickl. Social Considerations

5. Propositions6. Assumptions7. External Variables8. Facts, Principles & Laws9. Theory Application

a. Nursing Practiceb. Nursing Educationc. Nursing Research

10. Theory Analysisa. Simplicityb. Generalityc. Empirical Precision

Week 3 3 hours

II. Virginia Henderson: Definition of Nursing – 1955

A. The TheoristB. The Theory

1. Phenomenon2. Idea

3. The Metaparadigmsa. Personb. Healthc. Environmentd. Nursing

4. Key Conceptsa. Breathe Normallyb. Eat and Drink adequatelyc. Eliminate Body wastesd. Move and maintain desirable positione. Sleep and rest

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f. Select suitable clothes – dress and undressg. Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting and

modifying the environmenth. Keep the body clean and well-groomed and protect the integumenti. Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring othersj. Communicate with others by expressing emotions, needs, fears, or

opinionsk. Worship according to one’s faith l. Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishmentm. Play or participate in various forms of recreationn. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development

and health, and use the available health facilities5. Propositions6. Assumptions7. Facts, Principles, Laws8. Theory Application



III. Faye Glenn Abdellah: Patient-Centered Approaches Theory – 1960A. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Conceptsa. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfortb. To promote optimal activity: exercise, rest and sleepc. To promote safety through prevention of accident and injury or other

trauma and through the prevention of the spread of infectiond. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformitye. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cellsf. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cellsg. To facilitate the maintenance of eliminationh. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balancei. To recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease

conditions – pathological, physiological, and compensatoryj. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functionsk. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory functionl. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings and

reactions

m. To identify and accept inter-relatedness of emotions and organic illnessn. To facilitate maintenance of effective and verbal and non-verbal

communicationo. To promote development of productive interrelationshipsp. To facilitate the progress toward achievement and spiritual goalsq. To create and maintain a therapeutic environmentr. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying needs

physical, emotional and developmental needss. To accept the optimum goals in the light of limitations, physical and

emotionalt. To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising

problemsu. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the

case of illness5. Propositions

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6. Assumptions7. Facts, Principles, Laws8. Theory Application



Week 43 hours

IV. Dorothea Orem: Theory of Self-Care Deficit – 1971




4. Key Conceptsa. Self-Careb. Self-Care Agencyc. Self-Care Demandd. Self-Care Deficite. Therapeutic Self-Caref. Nursing Agencyg. Nursing Systems

5. Propositions6. Assumptions7. Facts, Principles, Laws8. Theory Application



V. Myra Estrine Levine: Conservation Principles: A Model for Health - 1969A. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Conceptsa. Wholeness/Holismb. Adaptationc. Conservationd. Conservation of Energye. Conservation of Structural Integrityf. Conservation of Personal Integrityg. Conservation of Social Integrity

5. Propositions6. Assumptions

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7. Facts, Principles, Laws8. Theory Application



Week 53 hours

VI. Sis. Calista RoyA. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Conceptsa. Adaptationb. Systemc. Adaptation Leveld. Adaptation Problemse. Focal Stimulusf. Contextual Stimulig. Residual Stimulih. Coping Processi. Innate Coping Mechanismj. Acquired Coping Mechanismk. Regulator Subsysteml. Cognator Subsystemm. Adaptive Responsesn. Ineffective Responseso. Integrated Life Processp. Physiological-Physical Modeq. Self-Concept-Group Identity Moder. Role Function Mode

s. Interdependence Modet. Perception




VII. Lydia Hall: Care, Core Cure Model – 1964A. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Concepts

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a. Careb. Corec. Cure




Week 63 hours

Preliminary Examination with Rationalization

Week 73 hours

NURSE-CLIENT DYNAMICS THEORIES

I. Betty Neuman: Neuman Syystems Model – 1974A. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Conceptsa. Wholistic Approachb. Open Systemc. Environmentd. Created Environment

e. Client Systemf. Wellnessg. Illnessh. Stressorsi. Degree of Reactionj. Prevention as Interventionk. Reconstitution




II. Madeleine Leininger: Culture Care: Diversity and Universality – 1985A. The TheoristB. The Theory



Page 7 of 18

4. Key Conceptsa. Human Care and Caringb. Culturec. Culture Cared. Culture Care Diversitye. Culture Care Universalityf. Worldviewg. Cultural and Social Structure Dimensionsh. Environmental Contexti. Ethnohistoryj. Emick. Eticl. Healthm. Transcultural Nursingn. Culture Care Preservation or Maintenanceo. Culture Care Accommodation or Negotiationp. Culture Care Repatterning or Restructuringq. Culturally Competent Nursing Care




Week 83 hours

III. Dorothy Johnson: Behavioral Systems Model - 1968A. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Conceptsa. Patient Behavioral Systemb. Structural Characteristicsc. Functional Requirements




IV. Hildegard Peplau: Interpersonal Relations – 1952A. The TheoristB. The Theory



Page 8 of 18

4. Key Conceptsa. Four Phases of Nurse-Patient Relationshipb. Six Nursing Rolesc. Four Psychobiological Experiences




V. Ida Jean Orlando: Nursing Process Theory – 1961A. The TheoristB. The Theory


3. The Metaparadigmsa. Personb. Healthc. Environmentd. Nursing

4. Key Conceptsa. Nurse’s Responsibilityb. Needc. Presenting Behavior of Patientsd. Immediate Reactionse. Nursing Process Disciplinef. Purpose of Nursingg. Automatic Nursing Actionh. Deliberative Nursing Action




Week 93 hours

VI. Imogene King: Theory of Goal Attainment – 1971A. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Conceptsa. Healthb. Nursingc. Self

5. Propositions6. Assumptions

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7. Facts, Principles, Laws8. Theory Application



VII. Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring – 1979A. The TheoristB. The Theory


3. The Metaparadigmse. Personf. Healthg. Environmenth. Nursing

4. Key Conceptsa. Ten Carative Factorsb. Clinical Caritas Processes


d. Nursing Practicee. Nursing Educationf. Nursing Research

9. Theory Analysisd. Simplicitye. Generalityf. Empirical Precision

VIII. Martha Rogers: Science of Unitary Human Beings – 1970A. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Conceptsa. Energy Fieldb. Patternc. Universe of Open Systemsd. Pandimensionality




IX. Anne Boykin and Savine Schoenhoffer: Theory of Nursing as Caring – 1993

Page 10 of 18

Week 103 hours




4. Key Conceptsa. Focus and Intention of Nursingb. Personc. Nursing Situationd. Story as Method for Knowing Nursinge. Personhoodf. Direct Invitationg. Call for Nursingh. Caring Betweeni. Nursing Response




X. Ernestine Weidenbach: Prescriptive TheoryA. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Conceptsa. Nursingb. Goal of Nursingc. Healthd. Environmente. Human Beingf. Nursing Clientg. Nursing Problemh. Nursing Processi. Nurse-Patient Relationsj. Nursing Therapeuticsk. Focus of Nursing




Page 11 of 18

XI. Joyce Travelbee: Human-to-Human Relationship Model – 1971A. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Conceptsa. Purpose of Nursingb. Disciplined Intellectual Approachc. Therapeutic Use of Selfd. Human-to-Human Relationships




Week 113 hours

XII. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse: Theory of Human Becoming – 1981A. The TheoristB. The Theory



4. Key Conceptsa. Meaningb. Transcendencec. Rhythmicityd. Human Becoming




XIII. Josephine Paterson: Humanistic Nursing – 1976A. The TheoristB. The Theory


3. The Metaparadigmsa. Person

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b. Healthc. Environmentd. Nursing

4. Key Conceptsa. Nursingb. Goal of Nursingc. Healthd. Environmente. Human Beingf. Nursing Clientg. Nursing Problemh. Nursing Processi. Nurse-Patient Relationsj. Nursing Therapeuticsk. Focus of Nursing




Week 123 hours

Midterm Examination with Rationalization

Week 133 hours

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES

I. Erik Erickson: Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentA. The TheoristB. The Theory

1. Historical Perspective2. Key Concepts

a. Trust vs. Mistrustb. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubtc. Initiative vs. Guiltd. Industry vs. Inferioritye. Identity vs. Role Confusionf. Intimacy vs. Isolationg. Generativity vs. Stagnationh. Integrity vs. Despair

3. Strengths and Weaknesses4. Theory Application


5. Comparison with other Developmental Theories

II. Sigmund Freud: Psychosexual TheoryA. The TheoristB. The Theory

1. Historical Perspective2. Key Concepts: Stages of Development

a. Oralb. Anal

c. Phallicd. Latencye. Genital


a. Nursing Practiceb. Nursing Education

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c. Nursing Research5. Comparison with other Developmental Theories

III. Jean Piaget: Cognitive Development TheoryA. The TheoristB. The Theory

1. Historical Perspective2. Key Concepts: Stages of Cognitive Development

a. Sensorimotorb. Stage 1c. Stage 2d. Stage 3e. Stage 4f. Stage 5g. Stage 6h. Preoperationali. Concrete Operationalj. Formal Operational




IV. Laurence Kohlberg: Moral Development TheoryA. The TheoristB. The Theory

1. Historical Perspective2. Key Concepts: Stages of Moral Development

a. Pre-conventional Moralityb. Conventional Moralityc. Post-conventional Morality




V. Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of NeedsA. The TheoristB. The Theory

1. Historical Perspective2. Key Concepts: Hierarchy of Needs

a. Physiologicb. Safety and Securityc. Love and Belongingnessd. Self-esteeme. Self-actualization

3. Strengths and Weaknesses

4. Theory Applicationa. Nursing Practiceb. Nursing Educationc. Nursing Research


Week 143 hours

GENERAL SYSTEM and CHANGE THEORIESI. Ludwig von Bertalanffy: General System Theory – 1968


1. Historical Perspective2. Key Concepts: General System Theory

Page 14 of 18

a. Systemb. Important Aspects of a Systemc. Characteristics of a Systemd. The System Process



II. Kurt Lewin: Planned ChangeA. The TheoristB. The Theory

1. Historical Perspective2. Key Concepts: Planned Change

a. Unfreezingb. Movingc. Refreezing

3. Strengths and Weaknesses


III. Ronald Lippit: Planned ChangeA. The TheoristB. The Theory


a. Development of a need for changeb. Establishment of a change relationshipc. Working toward a changed. Clarification or diagnosis of the client system’s probleme. Examination of alternative routes and goals: establishing goals, and

intentions of actionf. Transformation of intentions into actual change effortsg. Generalization and stabilization of changeh. Achieving a terminal relationship



IV. Robert Chin and Kenneth Benne: Planned ChangeA. The TheoristB. The Theory


a. Empirical-Rational Strategiesb. Normative-Re-educative Strategiesc. Power-Coercive Strategies



Week 153 hours

PHILIPPINE CONCEPTUAL MODELS

I. Carmencita Abaquin: Prepare MeA. The TheoristB. The Theory

1. Basic Assumptions and ConceptsPage 15 of 18

a. Presenceb. Reminisce Therapyc. Prayerd. Relaxation-Breathinge. Meditationf. Values Clarificationg. Quality of Life



II. Sis. Letty G. Kuan: Retirement and Role DiscontinuitiesA. The TheoristB. The Theory

1. Basic Assumptions and Conceptsa. Physiological Ageb. Rolec. Change of Lifed. Retireee. Role Discontinuityf. Coping Approaches



PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH and THE NURSING PROCESSI. Definition:

A. Problem-solvingB. Nursing Process

II. Purposes/ BenefitsIII. Steps in Problem-Solving:

A. AssessmentB. PlanningC. ImplementationD. Evaluation

IV. The Nursing Process:A. AssessmentB. DiagnosisC. PlanningD. InterventionE. Evaluation

V. Situations/ conditions where problem-solving approach can be applied

Week 16 3 hours

HEALTH AS MULTIFACTORIAL PHENOMENONI. Definition of Health

A. WHOII. Factors Affecting Health

A. Political1. Safety2. Oppression

Page 16 of 18

3. Political Will4. Empowerment

B. Cultural1. Practices2. Beliefs

C. HeredityD. EnvironmentE. Socio-economic

III. The National Health Situation

CARE ENHANCEMENT QUALITIES/CORE VALUESI. Love of God

II. Caring as the core of nursingA. CompassionB. CompetenceC. ConfidenceD. ConscienceE. Commitment (commitment to a culture of excellence, discipline, integrity and

professionalism)III. Love of People

A. Respect for the dignity of each person regardless of creed, color, gender and political affiliation.

IV. Love of CountryA. Patriotism (Civic duty, social responsibility and good governance)B. Preservation and enrichment of the environment and culture heritage

Week 173 hours

COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH TO THE BSN CURRICULUM

I. CompetencyA. DefinitionB. Components

1. Knowledge2. Skills 3. Attitude

II. Core CompetenciesA. Patient Care Competencies

1. Safe and Quality Nursing Care2. Communication3. Collaboration and Teamwork4. Health Education

B. Enabling Competencies1. Management of Resources and Environment2. Records Management

C. Empowering Competencies1. Legal Responsibilities2. Ethico-moral Responsibilities3. Personal and Professional Responsibilities

D. Enhancing Competencies1. Quality Assurance 2. Research

*** Project Presentation

Week 183 hours

Final Examination and Comprehensive Examination with Rationalization

TEXTBOOK: Tomey, M. a. (2008). Nursing Theorists and TheirWork 6th Edition. Mosby Elsevier.REFERENCES: Abaquin, C. (1999). "PREPARE ME" Interventions and the Quality of Life of Advanced

Progressive Cancer Patients.

Alfaro-Lefevre, R. (2006). Applying Nursing Process; A Tool for Critical Thinking 6th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Coon, D. a. (2008). Psychology: A Journey 3rd Edition. Thompson Woodsworth.Page 17 of 18

Feldman, R. (2010). Understanding Psychology 9th Edition. McGraw Hill.

George, J. (2011). Nursing Theories The Base for Professional Nursing Practice 6th Edition. Pearson Education.

Kawolski, R. a. (2005). Psychology 4th Edition. Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Kozier, B. a. (2007). Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process and Practice 8th Edition. Pearson's Publication.

Kuan, L. (1985). Retirement and Role Discontinuities.

Mc Ewen, M. a. (2011). Theoretical Basis for Nursing 3rd Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Meleis, A. (2012). Theoretical Nursing Development and Progress 5th Edition. Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Octaviano, E. a. (2008). Theoretical Foundations of Nursing: The Philippine Perspective. Ultimate Learning Series.

Taylor, C. e. (2005). Fundamentals of Nursing Care: The Art and Science of Nursing Care 5th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

UPOU. (2005). N207: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing. UPOU: National Computer Center.

GRADING SYSTEM:

CLASS STANDING – 40%-Quiz-Written Reports / Internet Annotations-Group Work / Project

MAJOR EXAM – 60%

FINAL GRADE – (PRELIM=30% + MIDTERM=30% + FINAL=40%)

COURSE/SUBJECT GRADE = FINAL GRADE=80% + COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION=20%

Prepared and Submitted by: Checked and Endorsed by:

ALEJANDRO C. NONOG, JR., RN, MSN KATHERINE VERA A. SANTOS, RN, MANSubject Head / Lecturer Level I, II, III Coordinator

Recommending Approval: Approved by:

MICHAEL C. LEOCADIO, RN,RM,MAN LINDA V. SUBIDO, RN, MAN Academic Coordinator Dean

Page 18 of 18

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MANILA TYTANA COLLEGES · Web viewMANILA TYTANA COLLEGES Manila Doctors College of Nursing Pres. Diosdado Macapagal Blvd., Metropolitan Park, Pasay City COURSE OUTLINE COURSE TITLE