MANIFEST DESTINY WESTWARD EXPANSION

DONE IN STAGES…

Up to 1776 East Coast Colonies

After 1783 E. of Mississippi R. Treaty of Paris (HL)

After 1787 G.Lakes & Ohio R. Valley Ordinance of 1787 (HL)

After 1803 Mississippi R. Valley Louisiana Purchase (HL)

After 1819 Gulf of Mexico War of 1812 (HL)

After 1835 Oregon The Oregon Trail

After 1848 California Gold Rush/ 49’ers

After 1860 The Great Plains Homestead Act

of 1862 (HL)

LAND DEALS…

MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) – (HL)

Missouri a slave state; Maine a free state

LAND DEALS…

ANNEXATION OF TEXAS (1845) (HL) – When

James K. Polk (pro-slavery) was elected President,

Congress passed a law approving the annexation

of Texas (would be a slave state).

◦ Free Soil Party (HL) (1848) – Party born in reaction to

the war with Mexico. They opposed the spread of slavery

to the West. (They would accept it in the South)

LAND DEALS…

OREGON TERRITORY (1846) (HL) – Over

500,000 people traveled the Oregon Trail

throughout it’s existence. The emigration

lasted for several decades.

◦ Between 10-12% will die on the trail.

Purchased from

Great Britain.

LAND DEALS… GADSDEN PURCHASE (1853) (HL)

◦ The US bought a little strip of land from Mexico for $10 million.

◦ It lies in southern Arizona and New Mexico.

◦ It was needed to build the southern route of another transcontinental railroad.

KANSAS – NEBRASKA ACT (1854) (HL) ◦ The transcontinental railroad wanted this territory to

become a state.

◦ Will repeal the Missouri Compromise by stating the people get to decide if the state should be slave or free.

OTHER LAND EXPANSIONS…

CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH (1849) (HL)

◦ There was a saw mill built for a man named Sutter.

When milling, they found gold!

Became known as Sutter’s Mill (near Sacramento, CA)

◦ In 1849, 80,000 prospectors (the 49’ers) showed up

to mine gold.

◦ The settlers established towns and cities

(boomtowns) and sped up the drive for statehood.

CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH Gold first discovered by

Sutter and James Marshall, a carpenter.

Tried to keep it a secret but were unable to do so.

Dec. 1848 – Polk mentions it in farewell address to Congress.

1849 – 80,000 forty-niners – gold seeking migrants come to California.

Most who traveled, stopped in San Francisco first. ◦ 1848 – 800 people (HL) ◦ 1850 – 25,000 people (HL)

California Mining Camp

Staking a Claim

Forty-niners would prospect – search for gold, along the banks of shallow streams

First person would stake the claim; groups worked together.

Oftentimes, disputes would break out over who was first.

Placer mining – use pans to wash gold out of lose rock

Some became very rich; MOST did not.

Mining Camp Life

Wherever there were people, there was a camp.

95% of those in camps were men.

Inflation was huge

Many made wages off of the rush and not mining ◦ Samuel Brannan –

California’s First Millionaire

Immigrants and Impact Immigrants

◦ Came from China, Europe, Mexico, and South America

◦ Chinese came to escape economic hardship (mid-1840’s) (HL)

Many times, they were treated VERY poorly. Forced to pay higher taxes and were attacked.

◦ Many intended to go back home but never did.

◦ Levi Strauss – stayed and made pants

Population ◦ California was able to

become a state after only two years

Economy ◦ People discovered

they could make a living farming and ranching.

◦ Distance made things difficult

No way to get supplies in and out quickly

EXPANSIONS TO THE WEST…

TRANSCONTINENTAL TELEGRAPH (1861) (HL) ◦ In 1860 (HL), the Pony Express was the best form of

communication. ◦ Employers wanted orphans (risky job) ◦ This only lasted 19 months! ◦ Replaced by the telegraph, which was invented by

Samuel Morse (think Morse Code!)

EXPANSIONS TO THE WEST… TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD (1869)

(HL)

◦ Made settlement in the West much easier

◦ United the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railways

◦ Promontory Point, Utah

Where the two railroads met.

A golden spike is driven into the railway connecting

the two.

WAR!

The first major war/conflict driven by Manifest

Destiny was war with Mexico.

◦ MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR (1846 – 1848) (HL)

◦ Polk wanted to seize large amounts of Mexican land.

◦ Offered to buy CA and NM for $25 million

◦ Mexico refused

◦ Americans will win the war by occupying Mexico’s

capital – Mexico City!

The Texas Revolution

In this section, you will need to write EVERYTHING that is in red.

Use the space provided in your note packet.

Mexico vs. Texas

Mexican Independence ◦ Father Miguel Hidalgo y

Castilla led a rebellion of 80,000 that failed.

◦ Rebellion grew and eventually Mexico achieved independence.

◦ New Mexican gov’t hired empresarios – land agents to bring settlers to Texas.

◦ Settlers didn’t always follow the law.

◦ Mexico was ruled by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Texas Independence ◦ 3/2/1836 (HL)– Texas

declared Independence from Mexico

◦ Named Sam Houston as leader of their Army.

Battle of the Alamo – February-March 1836 (HL) ◦ Texans surrounded for

over two weeks.

◦ Eventually all were killed in battle.

◦ Santa Anna ordered the execution of 350 prisoners

Battle of San Jacinto – April 21, 1836 (HL) ◦ Texans captured Santa

Anna and forced him to sign over control of Texas

Battle of the Alamo Clip

Texas gains Independence

Treaty of Velasco (May 14, 1836) (HL) ◦ The treaty created

the Republic of Texas.

Recognized by Britain, France, and eventually the U.S.

Protection from Mexico = Texas Rangers

Chuck Norris as Walker, Texas

Ranger

The Mexican American War

Manifest Destiny Many Americans had

a belief in Manifest Destiny – obvious fate

The question needing an answer was that of slavery – should it be allowed in new lands?

Election of 1844 –question was Texas – both candidates wanted it to be a part of the U.S.

Acquiring New Land Britain and U.S.

had agreed to occupy Oregon together.

Many settlers wanted to join the U.S.

A new border was drawn and U.S. took everything south of 49th parallel.

Oregon joined as a territory in 1848

Texas agreed to become part of the U.S in 1845 (HL)

Mexican gov’t = VERY upset

Mexico still controlled other areas.

Ended the mission system in CA and gave land to wealthy settlers

California Vaqueros – cowboys

who managed the land in CA

Early California settlers = Californios

Reputation of being extremely hospitable.

Many new settlers began to call for Independence from Mexico.

Mexican-American War War began over

territory dispute ◦ U.S. wanted more

land, Mexico didn’t want to give it up.

Bear Flag Revolt June 14, 1846 (HL) ◦ Americans declared

CA to be independent

◦ Led by John C. Fremont

◦ Goal was to keep CA independent, not join U.S.

End of the War: ◦ Treaty of Guadalupe

Hidalgo ~ February 2 1848 (HL)– officially ended the war

◦ Mexican Cession – increased the U.S. by 25%

Cost: $15 Million

Gadsden Purchase: U.S. Paid $10 million in exchange for parts of AZ and NM