Manifest DestinyGod’s will that Americans settled the

continent from coast to coast(westward expansion)

REVIEW

Review:• Northwest Ordinance- once you got 60,000

people in one area you could apply to Congress to become a state

• Louisiana Purchase- purchased in 1803 from France (Napoleon)

• Lewis & Clark- explored the Louisiana Purchase

Louisiana Purchase

• 1803• Bought by Jefferson from France• Doubled the size of the country

James Monroe

• James Monroe became the 5th President • “Era of Good Feelings”• feelings of Nationalism and Patriotism after

the War of 1812

American System

• *American System Goals: • new national bank • protective tariff (tax on imports)• improve transportation

Adams-Onis Treaty

• Andrew Jackson seized control of Florida and ended Seminole raids

• *Adams-Onis Treaty – Spain ceded Florida to the U. S.

Monroe Doctrine

• *Monroe Doctrine- divided the world into the

eastern and western hemisphere and said the U. S. would prevent other countries from interfering in Latin America

• (No colonization)• Kept us out of war for 100 years!

Monroe Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine

Transportation

• Transportation – 1800’s• Erie Canal- 363 miles• National Road- east/west hwy. (Federally

funded)• Clermont-Robert Fulton/steamboat that

traveled upstream• *Railroads- resulted in the settlement of the

west, new national markets and demand for iron and coal

Erie Canal

National Road1st Federally funded transportation project

The Clermontsail upstream

TranscontinentalRailroad

Industrial Revolution

• Industrial Revolution-began in Britain in 1700’s• U. S. in 1800’s• North-rivers and capitol• Samuel Slater-textile machine• Frances Lowell-textile mills• *Eli Whitney- interchangeable parts• Samuel Morse-telegraph/sending messages• *Cities- population shift to the cities for jobs and

more money

Sectionalism

• Sectionalism- differences that arose between different regions of the country economically, culturally and politically

• (Plantation system vs. factory system)• North-finance and industry• South-agriculture, planter-elite class, cash

crops• West-natural resources

Sectionalism

Southern Economy

• Cash crops- tobacco, rice and sugar cane• *“KING COTTON”• 1793 Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin that

increased the slave population• The Southern region relied on imports. • Class structure: Planters, Yeoman, rural poor and slaves

Slavery

• Task system vs. gang system• *Frederick Douglas- famous abolitionist speaker (orator)• Slave codes• Coping: songs, slow-downs and fires• Denmark Vesey-(SC) accused of planning a revolt and hung• *Nat Turner- minister that said God chose him to lead an

uprising that killed 5o whites/hung • Slavery became a key issue that divided the country as we

expanded west.

Abolitionist

Missouri Compromise

• *Missouri Compromise – • Henry Clay “The Great Compromiser”• Maine free/Missouri Slave to keep a balance

in the Senate• Drew a line on the map (36’ 30 ) separating

free and slave states

Missouri Compromise

John Quincy Adams

• John Quincy Adams became the 6th President.• *“Corrupt Bargain”- made agreement with

Henry Clay to become Secretary of State when the vote went to the House

• End of Day 1•Color and label the blank

map of the U.S. according to the Manifest Destiny map in the PowerPoint

Andrew Jackson

• *Andrew Jackson became the 7th President.• New Democratic Party- champion of the

common man• Westerner

• *Spoils system- appointing people to government jobs for loyalty and support

Issues

• 1) *Tariff of Abominations SC threatened to secede. *Nullification – John C. Calhoun (VP) from SC

Issues

• 2) Native Americans*Indian Removal Act- funds to relocate Native

AmericansResulted in the *“Trail of Tears” (under MVB)-

the forced movement of Native Americans from Georgia to Oklahoma where many died along the way

Trail of Tears

Issues

• 3) Bank Jackson thought the bank was unconstitutional.Vetoed it!He removed the government’s money from thebank and put it in “pet banks” in the states

King Andrew

Whigs

• Whigs-political party that formed to oppose Jackson

Van Buren/Harrison

• Martin Van Buren became the 8th President (Democrat)

Blamed for Panic of 1837-economic crisis

• William Henry Harrison-(Whig) 9th President Died after 32 days in office from pneumonia

John Tyler

• John Tyler (VP) became the 10th President• He opposed the Whigs and sided with the

Democrats.• He became a president without a party.• *Webster-Ashburton Treaty settled the

boundary between the U. S. and Canada.

Immigration

• *Immigrants-1815-1860• Irish-2 million• Germans

• Nativism-hostility toward foreigners

Reformers

• Dorothea Dix- mentally ill from prison to hospitals

• Temperance Movement- stop drinking

(moderation)

• Horace Mann- education reforms

Temperance Movement

Women’s Movement

• Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton• *Seneca Falls Convention- equal right for

women (suffrage)

Seneca Falls Convention

Abolitionist

• William Lloyd Garrison- The Liberator newspaper

• *Frederick Douglas- famous abolitionist speaker

• Sojourner Truth- famous abolitionist speaker

William Lloyd Garrison

Manifest Destiny

• *Manifest Destiny-John O’Sullivan• the idea that God had given the continent to

Americans and wanted them to settle west• Squatters- 1st settlers• *John Deere- steel plow to turn sod• *Cyrus McCormick- mechanical reaper

Steel Plow

Oregon

• Oregon-jointly owned by the U. S. and Great Britain

• “54-40, or fight!”• Mountain men carved out the Oregon Trail!• Oregon became US territory!

California

• California-Mexico • John Sutten and been given 50,000 acres of

land and built a trading post and cattle ranch.• Gold Rush of 1849!• Compromise of 1850- Congress admitted

California as a free state on September 9, 1850 and the south got a stricter fugitive slave law.

Compromise of 1850

Utah

• *Utah-Brigham Young took the Mormons there after Joseph Smith was murdered

• “Mormon Trail”• They settled in Great Salt Lake City.• They practiced polygamy.

Texas

• Texas-Mexico• Invited American settlers in• Stephen Austin took hundreds of families to

Texas• They took citizenship but did not accept the

culture.• In 1830, Mexico closed the borders, banned

slave labor and suspended trade with the United States.

Texas Revolution

• The Texans under Sam Houston rebelled.• *Alamo- Santa Anna defeated the Texans after

13 heroic days.• Texas declared its independence.• Santa Anna was captured.• Sam Houston became the President of the

Lone Star Republic.• They asked to be annexed as a slave state.

Santa Anna’s surrender

James K. Polk

• James K. Polk became the 11th President in 1844.

• Oregon-“54 40 or fight!”• Britain gave up Oregon.

Mexican American War

• *Mexican-American War• We declared war on Mexico for California• John C. Fremont-established an independent

“Bear Flag Republic”• • *Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo• California, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico and

Arizona were given to the U. S. for 15 million dollars. (500,000 sq. miles)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Native Americans

• The Plains Indians had depended greatly on the buffalo for their livelihood (food, clothing and shelter). Thus the buffalo began to die out and so did the Indian tribes. Many were forced to relocate to reservations.

Battles

• Sand Creek Massacre-270 Native Americans dead

• Battle of Little Bighorn (Custer’s Last Stand)- Custer and 200 of his men killed

• The Battle of Wounded Knee- US army attacked Native Americans under Sitting Bull while doing the ghost dance to bring back the buffalo.

• 150 Native Americans were killed.

A Century of Dishonor

• Helen Hunt Jackson- A Century of Dishonor brought attention to the problem of the mistreatment of the Native Americans

• Dawes Act- tried to civilize the Native Americans by placing them on reservations

Motivations

• Motivations for going West:• Religious faith• Gold• Homestead Act- 160 acres of land to anyone

who would agree to cultivate it for 5 years• Oklahoma Land Rush- people on horseback,

bicycles and wagons rushed to claim land (“sooners” jumped the gun!)

Oklahoma Land Rush

Inventions

• Important inventions that allowed people to move west:

• John Deere’s steel plow- sod• Windmills• Barbed wire- protected crops from wild

animals

Groups that went West

• Groups that went west:• Miners- “boom towns”• Cowboys-cattle ranchers that took cattle to the

railroad – “cowtowns”• Farmers• Women-more freedom and flexibility• African Americans-“Black Exodus” & “Buffalo Soldiers”• Chinese Immigrants• Irish Immigrants

Groups that went west

The Railroad

• Railroad-crucial to westward expansion• The Irish, Chinese and African Americans

helped the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Companies to build the TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD!