Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Managing Saline Soils
Jim Millar
Soil Scien0st
Precision Soil Management
Calcium Carbonates
---------------------->
Calcium Sulfates
------------------->
Managing Saline Soils
• All Saline Soils are a results of excess water moving to the soil surface.
• The precipita9on totals for this part of the state has increased substan9ally since the early 1990’s.
• How are you u9lizing this addi9onal precipita9on?
Increase in Mean Annual Precipitation (in inches) 1991–2008 compared to 1961–1990
Slide courtesy of Chris Hay
What does mother nature do with additional water?
Soil Salinity Trends from 2005 to 2014
0
0.2
0.4
0.8
1
1.2
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
EC 6-‐24
EC 0-‐6
0.6
Harmony Soil Series in Brown and Spink County
Management Op9ons for Saline Soils (How to handle excess water)
• Permanent Vegeta9on – CRP (western wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass) – Salt Tolerant Alfalfa
• Tile Drainage (Not a Surface Ditch) • Amendments?? SDSU • U9lizing Variable Rate Technology
Impact of CRP on Saline Soils
Soil
Depth
Year 1
EC
Year 3
EC Bearden 0-3 9.8 1.3
3-6 --- 3.2
6-12 --- 5.0
Salt Tolerant Alfalfa
Established Alfalfa
Salt Tolerant Alfalfa and EC Values
Alfalfa Seeded May 2012 Electrical Conduc9vity Data (mmhos/cm)
ZONE JULY 2012 JULY 2014 0-‐2” 2-‐6” 0-‐2” 2-‐6”
GOOD 0.53 0.30 0.29 0.22
FAIR 2.64 2.75 0.41 2.73
POOR 9.23 3.96 2.08 4.44
Salt Tolerant Alfalfa and Ca9on Concentra9ons in the Tissue & Soil Sample
TISSUE SAMPLE SOIL ZONE NON SALINE
Calcium 1.71
Magnesium 0.52
Sodium 0.12
SALINE 1.26 0.59 0.23
SOIL SAMPLE
NON SALINE 2242 ppm 559 ppm 39 ppm
SALINE 1838 ppm 789 ppm 324 ppm
SDSU Salinity Project
Surface Ditch & Salinity 1985
Surface Ditch & Salinity 2010
Installing Drainage Tile to Improve Soil Salinity
Tile Drainage - Soluble Salts Demonstration Project
Topsoil (0-6") Salinity (02, 06, 10, 12 13, 14)
(Tiled summer 2002) ...-.. II
""
, '
,- -
Topso il Salt Level ..
# , ..
0
E , ' ' ' ,
, # ' 50% yield ma ny crops
• • • 2002 - - 2 0 0 6 - - 2010 E - - 2012 Q) '
.. > 100% yield 2013
• 2014
4 3.5
3 2.5
2 1.5
Q)
...J 1 -CV 0.5
Cl)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Soi l samp les collected from 10 GPS sites
Tile Drainage Impact on Salinity Soil Test Analyses
Drainage Tile Installed Fall 2010
Electrical Conduc9vity Data (mmhos/cm)
SITE NOV 2010 0-‐6” 6-‐24”
NOV 2012 0-‐6” 6-‐24”
NOV 2013 0-‐6” 6-‐24”
NOV 2014 0-‐6” 6-‐24”
1 1.38 0.43 1.34 0.97 0.77 0.84 0.79 0.63
2 1.12 0.67 1.28 1.53 0.95 1.20 0.79 0.49
Tile Drainage Impact on Salinity Water Quality Analyses
Drainage Tile Installed Fall 2010
Electrical Conduc9vity Data (mmhos/cm)
SITE
JUNE 2011 EC SAR
APRIL 2012 EC SAR
JUNE 2013 EC SAR
MAY 2015 EC SAR
E 1.40 1.42 1.60 1.40 1.70 1.46 1.64 1.20
W 3.10 4.26 2.97 3.76 3.42 4.31 2.50 3.87
Artesian Well EC = 2.69 SAR = 54.37 Turtle Creek EC = 0.90 SAR = 1.20
Soil Biology of Saline Soils
U0lizing Variable Rate Technology to Manage Saline Soils
U0lizing Variable Rate Technology to Manage Saline Soils
August 27, 2011
Variable Ra0ng Soybean Varie0es
Soil Test Results
Soil Zone 10, 11 and 12 Defensive Variety 90M80 Soil Zone 6, 17, and 20 Offensive Variety 90Y80
Yield of Variety By Soil Zone
ZONE 11 ZONE 12 90Y80 90M80 90Y80 90M80 27.3 30.8 38.7 43.1 20.6 23.7 30.4 40.8 27.8 33.2 32.7 35.2 25.2 29.2 34.1 37.5
34.0 39.2
Reclaiming Saline Soils
hort amount of
1) Soil Test (electrical conduc9vity and calcium, magnesium, and sodium levels)
2) Stop the movement of water towards the soil surface 3) Get some salt tolerant vegeta9on growing in those saline
areas (roundup ready kochia is beier than nothing) 4) The saline spots were not created in a short amount of
9me and they will not be corrected in a s 9me
5) U9lize Variable Rate Technology to manage saline soils
THANK YOU
