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all performance data is ISOcorrected and comparedwith a fingerprint of the

engine

deviations from expectedperformance triggerdiagnostics tools to enablerapid, preventative action

ISO corrections

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Gas Turbine - baseline analysis

LM2500+DLE : Fuel flow (NTI) vs combuster inlet T

Actual performancepoints

Baseline performancelines

BC Mode

AB Mode

ABC Mode

Change burner modeto BC to save fuel ifdemand is unlikely toincrease

Shows a fuel issue forBC mode in this case -can then drill down todetermine whethermechanical or control

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Gas Compressor - baseline analysis

BC Mode

AB Mode

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Rigorous Thermodynamic Modelling for Gas Turbines & Compressors

Quickly eliminate spurious data (e.g. sensor errors)

Determine un-measured values (e.g. hot section gas path)

ModelsPredictedOutputs

Root

Cause

Discrepancies

Plant

Process

Inputs

ProcessOutputs

Actual Process

Model Based Diagnostics - principles

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Gas Turbine - Model Based Diagnosticsgas path analysis

actual process data is

compared with modelledvalues along the gas path

sensor errors are quicklyeliminated by comparisonwith modelled values

un-measured values aredetermined in the hot zoneto support component lifeprediction

fault indices are produced

enabling diagnosis at thecomponent level

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Gas Compressor -

Model Based Diagnostics

polytropic efficiency andhead coefficients aremodelled

deviations from the modelsenable possible sensorerrors to be eliminatedleading to rapidfault diagnosis

gas turbine drivercharacteristics aredisplayed on thecompressor envelope

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On Line Instrument Validationhealthy discharge temp, spurious efficiency

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On Line Instrument Validationhealthy efficiency, spurious suction temperature

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emissionsfingerprint +

calculatedemissions

fuel flow, exhaust T

mechanical condition

AIT, CDP, CDT, etc..

engineparameters +

processconditions

fuel specific gravity

fuel calorific value

etc..

Emissions Managementvalidated monitoring & reporting using performance data

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Emissions Managementengine model specific validation and characterisation - SAC

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Typical GE LM2500+DLE Gas Turbine - NOx emission profileOCMS NOx Primary Bulk Reference Baseline - All Modes (variable bleed range 50% TFL) @ 15% O2 Ref.

y = -4.82959E-01x + 2.31191E+02

y = -4.76857E-01x + 2.34661E+02 y = 5.87267E-03x2 - 5.25563E+00x + 1.20453E+03y = -2.71533E-03x2 + 1.63574E+00x - 1.83720E+02

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500

T3SEL (Deg C)

NOX_

PRI(mg/m^

3)

NOx-PRI (AB check 1)

NOx-PRI (AB check 2)

NOx-PRI (ABC check)

NOx-PRI (BC check)NOx-CONC (BC push)

NOx-CONC (AB push 1)

NOx-CONC (AB push 2)

NOx-CONC (ABC push)

Linear (NOx-PRI (AB check 1))

Linear (NOx-PRI (AB check 2))

Poly. (NOx-PRI (ABC check))

Poly. (NOx-PRI (BC check))

EA Site Authorisation Limit

BC

AB

ABC

Full Load Rating 27.4 MW @ 470 T3SEL

75% of Rating 20.5 MW @ 425 T3SEL

50% of Rating 13.7 MW @ 385 T3SELPush

Push

Push

GE LM2500+DLE : NOx vs combuster inlet T

Authorisation limit

burner modes BC to ABto ABC

Note NOX emissionsincrease at end of eachburner mode -minimum bleed push

Emissions ManagementEngine model specific validation and characterisation - DLN

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RR Avon Mk.1533 : Gas Generator - Low Cycle Fatigue

Implementation of OEMbulletin recommendations

Calculation of cyclic usagebetween stop / start cycles& over engine life

Particularly useful in

variable load applications

Cost-effectively schedulecomponent replacementparticularly in hot section

Fleet Reliability Managementengine component life - low cycle fatigue

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Fleet Reliability Managementstandard station/unit alarm & trip categorisation

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Fleet Capital Replacement Strategybased on Performance, Emissions, Availability & Reliability data

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Fleet Capital Replacement Strategymultiple criteria decision analysis

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Fleet Capital Replacement Strategymultiple criteria decision analysis