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11-14
Sept. 2017
Context
• At least 10 % coverage• Ecologically coherent• Effectively managed
Need to assess the progress made towards
these objectives and what is left to do
11-14
Sept. 2017
What is an MPA?
A clearly defined marine geographical space – including subtidal, intertidal and supratidal terrain and coastal
lakes/lagoons connected permanently or temporally to the sea, together with its overlying water - recognised,
dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of naturewith associated ecosystem services and cultural values
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Sept. 2017
The Mediterranean MPA system
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Sept. 2017
The Mediterranean MPA system
A large variety of designations
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Sept. 2017
The Mediterranean MPA system
A large variety of designs
Pelagos Sanctuary
87 500 km²
Transboundary
Miramare MPA
0.30 km²
National
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Sept. 2017
The Mediterranean MPA system
A large variety of objectives
Photo: sciencedirect.comPhoto: alchetron.com
Photo: NMP Zakynthos Photo: M. Mabari Photo: A. Leydet
11-14
Sept. 2017
The Mediterranean MPA system
A large variety of governance types
Governance by government
Shared governance
Federal or national ministry or agency
Sub-national ministry or agency
Government-delegated management
Transboundary management
Collaborative management
Joint management
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Sept. 2017
The Mediterranean MPA system
A large variety of management frameworks
Staff Budget Equipment
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Sept. 2017
The Mediterranean MPA system
A large variety of levels of protection
Strong protection
Low protection
No access
No impact
No-take
Zoned multiple-use with no-take areas
Zoned multiple-use
Uniform multiple use
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Sept. 2017
Long story short...
Difficult to come up with a broad scale assessment of management effectiveness
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Sept. 2017
What do we know then?
A survey sent to 180 MPAs (out of 1231 MPAs)
74 responses (4 Natura 2000 sites)
Strong response bias: MPAs that replied are likely to be among the best managed in the Mediterranean Sea. Results provided in the
following slides therefore show the most optimistic estimate.
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Sept. 2017
What do we know then?
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Boundaries and zoning (N=66)
MPA governance (N=62)
Definition of uses and regulations (N=64)
Enforcement procedures (N=61)
Not defined in legislation
Partially defined in legislation (need for clarification)
Clearly defined in legislation
Legal framework
11.5% 42.6% 45.9%
4.7%
26.6% 68.8%
11.3% 22.6% 66.1%
1.5%
7.6% 90.9%
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Sept. 2017
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
What do we know then?
Is the plan regularly reviewed and updated at the
end of its stipulated period of validity? Or, if no
period of validity was set, is the plan less than
10 years old?
No
management
plan
27%
In preparation or
ready but not
implemented
20%
Partially
implemented
21%
Implemented
32%
Management plan
Is there a
management plan?
(N=66)
Yes
No
No answer
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Sept. 2017
What about Natura 2000 sites?
Data extracted from the Natura 2000 database(European Environment Agency, end 2016 release)
47% Not reported
53% with a management
body
33% Not reported
23% Management
plan
9% In preparation
35% No management plan
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Sept. 2017
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
What do we know then?
Is staff adequately trained to fulfill management
objectives?
No dedicated
staff
16%
Staff number
inadequate
30%
Staff number
below optimum
level
44%
Staff number
adequate
10%
Staff
Are there enough people
employed to manage the MPA?
(N=57)
Adequate
Training low
Staff untrained
Could be improved
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Sept. 2017
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
What do we know then?
Is the budget secure?
No budget
24%
Budget inadequate
29%
Budget could be
improved
42%
Budget sufficient
5% Budget
Is the current budget sufficient?
(N=55)
Budget secure
Little secure budget
No secure budget
Core budget secure
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Sept. 2017
There are no regulations for controllinguses and activities in the MPA.
Some regulations for controlling usesand activities in the MPA exist but thereare major weaknesses.
Regulations for controlling uses andactivities in the MPA exist but there aresome weaknesses or gaps.
Regulations for controlling uses andactivities in the MPA exist and provide anexcellent basis for management.
What do we know then?
Regulations
N=49
37%
12%
22%
29%
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Sept. 2017
What do we know then?
Monitoring
N=52
There is no monitoring and evaluation inthe MPA.
There is some sort of monitoring andevaluation, but no overall strategy and/orno regular collection of results.
There is an agreed and implementedmonitoring and evaluation system, butresults do not feed back intomanagement.
A good monitoring and evaluation systemexists, is well implemented and used inadaptive management.
38%
10%
37%
15%
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Sept. 2017
Conclusion
• The Mediterranean MPA system: multilayered and
heterogenous
• Management is site-specific
• Assessment of management at Mediterranean level
is strongly biased
• Lots of efforts still need to be put on management
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Sept. 2017
Conclusion
More permanent staff
Adequate budget... and secure!
Systematic management planning
Reinforced regulations and surveillance
Need for:
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Sept. 2017
Marine Natura 2000 network overview
