MANAGEMENT OF GLACIAL HAZARDS IN PERU - … · management of glacial hazards in ... 2007 : on the basis of satellital images landsat 7 (2002 ) and ... autoridad nacional del agua

MANAGEMENT OF GLACIAL HAZARDS IN PERU

Ing. Marco Zapata L.Vienna, 11th of November 2009

GLACIER HAZARD WORKSHOP 2009

LOCATION OF 19 GLACIAL MOUNTAIN RANGES IN

PERU1.- Blanca2.- Huallanca3.- Huayhuash4.- Raura5.- Huagoruncho6.- La Viuda7.- Central8.- Huaytapallana9.- Chonta10.- Ampato11.- Urubamba12.- Vilcabamba13.- Huanzo14.- Chila15.- La Raya16.- Vilcanota17.- Carabaya18.- Apolobamba19.- Volcánica

DIRECCION DE CONSERVACION Y PLANEAMIENTO DE RECURSOS HIDRICOS

AUTORIDAD NACIONAL DEL AGUA - ANA

MANAGEMENT OF GLACIAL HAZARDS IN PERU

PALCACOCHA LAKE 1932 ALLUVIUM OF HUARAZ, DECEMBER 13th 1941.

THE STUDIES AND CIVIL WORKS OF DRAINAGE AND SECURITY IN GLACIER LAKES INTHE COUNTRY BEGUN IN 1942, AFTER AN ALLUVIUM IN HUARAZ (1941), AS ACONSEQUENCE OF THE RUPTURE AND OVERFLOW OF PALCACOCHA LAKE, WHERE4000 PEOPLE DIED, BEING DESTROYED THE THIRD PART OF THE CITY.

Yungay

Ranrahirca

ALLUVIUM OVER RANRAHIRCA VILLAGE. 4000 DEADSJANUARY 10th 1962

Rio Santa

AVALANCHES AND ALLUVIUMS

Río Santa

Ranrahirca

CementerioYungay

Yungay(2485 msnm)

HuascaránNorte

(6,655 m.)

HuascaránSur

(6,768 m.)

Río SantaAVALANCHA ALUVION YUNGAY DEL 31 DE MAYO DE 1970

AVALANCHAS Y ALUVIONES

ALLUVIUM OVER YUNGAY CITY. 18000 DEADS.

MAY 31 1970

•GLACIAL RETREAT

EVOLUTION PALCACOCHA LAKE:

1973 2003 2005

•LANDSLIDE, MARCH 19th, 2003.•OUTBUST FLOOD, DECEMBER 13th, 1941.

MAYO 2001

ABRIL 2002

1962

•ICE FALLS•LANDSLIDES•ROCKFALLS

1967

1973

2001

2002

SAFUNA LAKEEVOLUTION

TÚNELES EN PRESA MORRENICA

DRAINED AND PROTECTION CIVIL WORKS IN LAKES.

UNIDAD DE GLACIOLOGÍA Y RECURSOS HÍDRICOS

IN LAKES WITH INCONSOLIDATE ANDUNSTABLE MATERIALS, HAVE BEEN CARRIEDOUT OPEN PITS, REDUCING AN IMPORTANTVOLUME OF WATER; LATER ON A DRAINEDDUCT AND ARTIFICIAL DAM OF PROTECTION ISBUILT IN THE FACE OF EXTRAORDINARYEVENTS.

TUNEL EN ROCA LAGUNA PARÓN

LONGITUD: 1243 m., BAJANDOSE EL NIVEL ORIGINAL EN 45 m.

ABOUT MONITORING OF GLACIERS

Huascarán Norte y Sur(6767m .)

MONITORING OF GLACIERS IN PERU

SHALLAP(INRENA - INNSBRUCK) - 2002

URUASHRAJU(INRENA) - 1968

SHULLCON(INRENA-IRD) - 2001

CORDILLERA BLANCA

CORDILLERA CENTRAL

CORDILLERA VILCABAMBA

GAJAP(INRENA) - 1980

TUAILQUI (Coropuna)

(INRENA – COPASA) - 2007

CORDILLERA AMPATO

YANAMAREY(INRENA - IRD) - 1968

PASTORURI(AINREA) – 1980

ALPAMAYO(INRENA) - 2006

ARTESONRAJU(INRENA-IRD-INNSBRUCK) – 2002

BROGGI(INRENA) - 1968

INCACHIRIASCA(Salkantay)(INRENA – SHM) - 2007

DIRECCION DE CONSERVACION Y PLANEAMIENTO DE RECURSOS HIDRICOS

UNIDAD DE GLACIOLOGÍA Y RECURSOS HÍDRICOS

YANAHUCSHA(ANA-PRAA) - 2008

CORDILLERA HUAYTAPALLANA


UNIDAD DE GLACIOLOGÍA Y RECURSOS HÍDRICOSDIRECCION DE CONSERVACION Y PLANEAMIENTO DE RECURSOS HIDRICOS

REDUCTION OF GLACIER AREAS IN 18 MOUNTAIN RANGES OF PERÚ BETWEEN 1970 - 1997 (27 YEARS) 21.9 %

(*) 1970 : ON THE BASIS OF AERIAL PHOTOS (HIDRANDINA S.A. ‐ UGRH)(**) 1997 : ON THE BASIS OF SATELLITAL IMAGES (CONAM)



REDUCTION OF GLACIER AREAS IN THE CORDILLERA BLANCA BETWEEN 1970 - 2003 (33 YEARS) 27.1 %

(**) 1997 : ON THE BASIS OF SATELLITAL IMAGES (CONAM)(*) 1970 : ON THE BASIS OF AERIAL PHOTOS (HIDRANDINA S.A. ‐ UGRH)

(***) 2007 : ON THE BASIS OF SATELLITAL IMAGES LANDSAT 7 (2002) AND SPOT 5 (2003) (INRENA ‐ UGRH)

From 1970, the glaciers and periglacier lakes come experiencing physicalintense modifications, as consequence of their great sensibility to thevariations in the climate..





MONITORING OF GLACIERS IN CORDILLERA BLANCAANA – IRD (FRANCIA) – UNIV. INNSBRUCK (AUSTRIA)

G. ALPAMAYO(4,886 msnm)

G. ARTESONRAJU(4,980 msnm)

G. BROGGI(4,825 msnm)

G. SHALLAP(4,790 msnm)

G. URUASHRAJU(4,661 msnm)

G. YANAMAREY(4,890 msnm)

G. GAJAP(4,935 msnm)

G. PASTORURI(5,040 msnm)

CARAZ(2,290 msnm)

YUNGAY(2,500 msnm)

RANRAHIRCA(2,530 msnm)

CARHUAZ(2,650 msnm)

HUARAZ(3,085 msnm)

RECUAY(3,400 msnm)

SANTA RIVER Lag.

Conococha(4020 msnm)

N

Límite Parque Nacional Huascarán

SANTA RIVER

1932 1997

2004 DESAPARECIÓ EN EL AÑO 2005 2007



RETREAT IN BROGGI GLACIER1932-2004

CORDILLERA CENTRAL

CORDILLERA VILCABAMBA

CORDILLERA AMPATO

GLACIAR ALPAMAYO BROGGI URUASHRAJU YANAMAREY GAJAP PASTORURI HUARAPASCA SHULLCON INCACHIRIASCA TUAILQUI

Periodo 1948-1976 (28 años)

1948-1976 (28 años)

1948-1976 (28 años)

1948-1980 (32 años)

1980-1990 (10 años)

Acumulado (m) (restitución a partir de fotografías aéreas del 31/08/1948)

-355.1 -229.24 -124.77 -90.91 -127.84 (*)

Promedio -12.68 m/año -8.19 m/año -4.46 m/año -2.84 m/año -12.78 m/año


1977-2004 (28 años)

1977-2008 (32 años)

1977-2008 (32 años)

1981-2008 (28 años)

1991-2008 (18 años)

1980-1993 (13 años)

2001-2008 (07 años)

2007-2008 (01 año)

2007-2008 (01 año)

Acumulado (m) (levantamientos topográficos)

-24.53 -586.07 -520.31 -676.50 -473.61 -397.28 -222.97 -133.19 -9.63 -14.83

Promedio -12.27 m/año -20.93 m/año -16.26 m/año -21.14 m/año -16.91 m/año -23.37 m/año -17.15 m/año -19.03 m/año


1948-2008 (60 años)

1948-2008 (60 años)

1948-2008 (60 años)

1980-2008 (28 años)

Total Acumulado (m) -941.17 -749.55 -801.26 -564.52 -525.12 (**)Promedio -16.81 m/año -12.49 m/año -13.35 m/año -9.41 m/año -18.75 m/año

CORDILLERA BLANCA



FRONT VARIATIONS OF GLACIERS MONITORED IN PERU BY THE GLACIOLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL RESOURCES UNIT

PACIFIC OCEAN1.8% water availability 70 % population2,027 m3/hab

ATLANTIC OCEAN97.7% water availability26% population292,000 m3/hab

TITICACA0,5% water availability

4% population9,715 m3/hab

Source : Ing. EDIE ROSAZZA ASIN - INRENA

SITUATIONAL PROFILE IN PERUPopulation and Hydric Availability

Conclusions•With the fast shrinking of the glaciers, new hanging glaciers fronts and glacier lakes are being formed. However, the future avalanches will be of less magnitude and the glacier lakes will not become very big.

•There are still some glacier tongues in the Cordillera Blanca that are connected to glacier lakes and that undergo a process of retreating, allowing the development and growth of those lakes.

•The glacier lakes and/or mountain torrents can be used for stocking and regulation of the water, especially during the dry season but it has to be taken special care of the fact that the security for the local populations within the zone of influence is guaranteed.

•The accelerated process of glacier retreat as a consequence of climate change is irreversible.

Documents

MANAGEMENT OF GLACIAL HAZARDS IN PERU - … · management of glacial hazards in ... 2007 : on the basis of satellital images landsat 7 (2002 ) and ... autoridad nacional del agua