management of coffee white stem borer management of coffee white

MANAGEMENT OF COFFEE WHITE STEM BORER

MANAGEMENT OF COFFEE WHITE STEM BORER

CULTURAL & MECHANICAL MEASURES

CULTURAL & MECHANICAL MEASURES

PRESENTED BY

K. BHASKARA REDDYREGIONAL COFFEE RESEARCH STATION

R.V. NAGAR, ANDHRA PRADESH

K. BHASKARA REDDYREGIONAL COFFEE RESEARCH STATION

R.V. NAGAR, ANDHRA PRADESH

LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE

• HANDPICKING

• STEM COVERING

• TRAPS

• STEM SCRUBBING

• SHADE MANAGEMENT

• TRACING,UPROOTING & DISPOSAL

CULTURAL AND MECHANICAL METHODS CULTURAL AND MECHANICAL METHODS


HANDPICKING OF BEETLESEARLIER REPORTS STATED THAT THE BEETLESCOULD BE VERY EASILY HANDPICKED INDICATINGTHE SEVERITY OF THE INCIDENCE IN THOSE DAYS

BEETLES PICKED TREES PULLEDDURING 1924 OUT IN 1925

TRIAL PLOT CONTROL PLOT

8 ACRE PLOT 6231 1418 16865 ACRE PLOT 2000 549 1139

IN A STUDY DURING 1989-91, 10 WORKERS FROM 10ACRES FOR 6 WEEKS COLLECTED 225 ADULTS IN 2FLIGHT SEASONS (GKVeeresh 1993)

NO REDUCTION IN INFESTATION


STEMS COVERED WITH STRIPS OF DATE PALMMATTING TO PREVENT THE EMERGENCE AND THEEGG-LAYING

FOUND EFFECTIVE, BUT CUMBERSOME AND COSTQUITE PROHIBITIVE (RS. 75/ACRE DURING 1941)

WRAPPING WITH NEWSPAPERS AND PABCO-THERMO-GEN (SHEET FROM SUGARCANE MEGASS) NOTEFFECTIVE

STEM COVERING

WRAPPING STEMS WITH POLYTHENE AND GUNNYSTRIPS DID NOT PREVENT EMERGENCE


COVERING THE MAIN STEMWITH POLYTHENE AND WIREMESH IN THE FIELD FOUNDDIFFICULT AND NOTFEASIBLE

STEM COVERING


USE OF TRAPSLIGHT TRAPS

• DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIGHT TRAPS WERETRIED, WITHOUT POSITIVE RESULT

CUT STEMS• THE CUT STEMS OF COFFEE AND OTHER

SHADE TREES HUNG IN THE COFFEEESTATES AS EGG TRAPS GAVE NOSATISFACTORY RESULTS

• DRY AND FRESH TEAK LOGS KEPT IN THEFIELD DID NOT ATTRACT THE BEETLES FOREGG LAYING


STEM SCRUBBING

IN EARLIER STUDIES, SCRUBBING TWICE DURING THEFLIGHT SEASON FORTNIGHTLY FOUND VERY EFFECTIVEAND SIMPLE REMEDY

THE DRY SCALY BARK, MOSS AND LICHENS REMOVEDALONG WITH EGGS AND YOUNG LARVAE

IN AN ESTATE OF 62 ACRES - SCRUBBING DONE TWICE –1,200 COFFEE BUSHES PULLED OUT AS AGAINST 14,000BUSHES ON AVERAGE OF THE THREE YEARS

SCRUBBING TO BE DONE PARTICULARLY IN OPEN PATCHES


STEM SCRUBBINGIN LABORATORY AND FIELD TRIALS, BEETLES LAIDEGGS ON UNSCRUBBED STEMS BUT NO EGGSOBSERVED ON SCRUBBED STEMS

SCRUBBING HAD NO EFFECT ON THE PHYSIOLOGYOF THE PLANT – THERE WAS NO CHANGE IN FRUITSET AND RETENTION, NUMBER OF LEAVES

SCRUBING OVER 9 YEARS IN AN AREA OF 195.16ACRES RESULTED IN REDUCTION OF STEMREMOVALS FROM 93 TO 0.81/AC./YEAR


STEM SCRUBBINGA THREE YEAR STUDY INDICATED THAT

• SCRUBBING EFFECTIVE IF DONE DURINGTHE EGG LAYING PERIOD OR BEFORE THEGRUBS ENTERED THE STEM

• SCRUBBING TO BE DONE ONCE A YEAR

• SCRUBBING USING SHARP OBJECTS LIKEMETAL PIECES, KNIVES ETC., CAUSEDDAMAGE , EVEN DEATH, TO THE PLANT

• COIR GLOVES FOUND BE TO SAFE


STEM SCRUBBING

SCRUBBED STEM COIR GLOVE


SHADE MANAGEMENTBEETLES ATTRACTED TO PORTIONS OF THEESTATE WHERE SHADE IS LESS ANDINFESTATION STARTS FROM SUCH SPOTS

ATTENTION TO BE PAID IN KEEPING WELLREGULATED SHADE IN ESTATES WITH BORERINCIDENCE

TIME SHADE REGULATION TO MAINTAINOPTIMUM SHADE DURING FLIGHT PERIODS

BETTER TO HAVE A DENSE SHADE WHENPLANTS ARE YOUNG AND THEN REGULATEAFTER THE PLANTS ARE GROWN UP


SHADE MANAGEMENT

SAFER TO HAVE MORE SHADE AND A LESSRETURN THAN LOOSING PLANTS TO BORERATTACK

RETAIN MAXIMUM PLANT CANOPY TOATTAIN SELF SHADING ON THE MAIN STEMBY CONTROLLING LEAF DISEASES ANDBLACK ROTCASE STUDY

REMOVAL OF BORER INFESTED STEMS IN FOUR YEARS

ON A LARGE PLANTATION DURING 1929 - 32

IN BORDEAUX SPRAYED PLOT- 36,620IN UNSPRAYED PLOT - 1,07,223


“ONE OF THE VERY IMPORTANT ITEMS OFBORER CONTROL MEASURES WHICH EVERYCOFFEE PLANTER SHOULD PAY PARTICULARATTENTION TO EVERY YEAR IS THE TIMELYREMOVAL AND VERY CAREFUL DISPOSAL OFBORER REMOVALS BY BURNING. IT IS OFUTMOST IMPORTANCE TO BURN THESECOMPLETELY BEFORE THE MIDDLE OFSEPTEMBER EVERY YEAR, IN ORDER TOENSURE THE DEATH OF ALL THE BORERS INTHE COFFEE STEMS”

TRACING,UPROOTING & DISPOSAL


EARLIER REPORTS

THIS PRACTICE NEGLECTED IN THE 1930S DUE TOCONTINUED SLUMP IN COFFEE PRICES RESULTED INENORMOUS LOSS OF PLANTS

REMOVAL OF BORER PLANTS AS LATE ASSEPTEMBER AND CONTINUING UP TO NOVEMBERAND HEAPING IN DIFFERENT CORNERS OF THEESTATES RESULTED IN INCREASE IN THE BORERPOPULATION IN LATER YEARS

THE BEETLES DEVELOPING IN THE UPROOTED STEMSCOMPLETE LIFE CYCLE EARLY - RESULTS INOVERLAPPING EMERGENCE



PRACTICE OF STORING THE BORER REMOVALS FOR FUEL ISFOLLOWED BY MANY PLANTERS

WORKERS STORE THESE IN THEIR LINES FOR USE AS FUEL ANDALSO CARTED LONG DISTANCES FOR THIS PURPOSE

IT IS COMMON TO SEE TREES PULLED OUT IN JULY-AUGUSTLYING ALONG THE ROAD SIDE EVEN AS LATE AS DECEMBER

SOMETIMES, UPROOTED STEM LIE IN THE ESTATES FORLONGER PERIOD BEFORE TARNSPORTING

BURNING OF INFESTED STEMS BEFORE END OF SEPTEMBERWILL GO A LONG WAY IN REDUCING BORER ATTACK



BURNING OF INFESTED STEMS


DEINFESTATION OF THE UPROOTED STEMS FOR OTHER USES

• ALL THE STAGES OF THE BORER DIEDAFTER 7 DAYS WHEN INFESTED STEMSKEPT IMMERSED IN WATER

• HENCE, THE BORER STEMS CAN BE USED AFTER IMMERSING IN WATER FOR TEN DAYS

BORER INFESTED STEMS BEING PUT IN WATER



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management of coffee white stem borer management of coffee white