Management Foundation

7/30/2019 Management Foundation

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MANAGEMENT FOUNDATION

MADE BY,

ANSHIKHA KUSHWAHAHARSHITA JAKHODIA


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MOTIVATION


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IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION

THESE ARE THE VARIOUS IMPORATNCE OF MOTIVATION

Best utilisation of resources : motivation ensures best and efficient utilisation of all types ofresourecs.utilisation of resourses is possible to their fullest extent if the man is introduced tocontribute their efforts towards attaining organisational goals

Will to conrtibute :it result in a feeling of involment to present his better performance .thus

motivation bridges the gap between capacity to work and willingness to work.

Reduction in labour problems : motivation helps to reduce labour problems like labour turn over, absenteeism ,indiscipline , grievances , etc. because their real wages increase by the motivationalplans.

Sizeable increase in production and productivity: when motivational properly,people try to putefforts to produce more thus increasing their efficiency and as a result of this the general

production and property of the organisational increases.

Improvement upon skill and knowledge: all the members will try to be as efficient as possible andwill try to improve will try to improve upon their skill and knowledge.


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CHARACTERISTICS

Motivation should come from insideeach individual. There are two desiring factors in motivation-(a) Fundamental

needs, such as food, clothes and shelter and (b) Ego-satisfaction including

self-esleem, recognition from others, opportunities for achievements, self-

development and self actualization which act as powerful though unconscious,

motivator of behaviour. Inner motivation can be more decisur for behaviour

than any external influence.

Goals and motives are inseparable. Man works to

achieve the goals. A soon as the goal is achieved he would be no longer

interested in work. Therefore, it is very essential for the management to know

his goal to push him to work.


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Types of motivation

Positive

Negative


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Positive motivation

Positive motivation is the type of motivation aperson feels when he expects a certainreward. An example of Positive motivation is

when a father tells his sun, "if you studied well

and got high grades i will buy you the new playstation ". these may be financial and nonfinancial.


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Negative motivation

Negative motivation is the type of

feeling a person gets when heexpects punishment. An Example of

negative motivation could betelling your child "if you didn'tstudy, i wont let you travel this

summer


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Principles of motivation

The important principles of motivation are:

Principle of participation

It is one of the most important principle of motivation that people in the

organization should be induced to participate in decision-making process

in matters concerning them.

Principle of communication

The people in the organization must be informed about the matters

concerning the result or objectives of the organization because the more a

person knows about a matter, the more interest and concern he will

develop.


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People will be motivated to work hard if they get continuing recognition for their efforts.

Giving people authority to make their own decision gives them a vested interest in the result they accomplish

and they feel that they are a part of the organization.

Everyone should be treated differently in a way that they all feel important for the organization.

The job of the management is to guide his subordinates towards the attainment of goals. The managers should

give suggestions instead of orders.


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The management should show confidence in its subordinates. This will enter confidence in them.


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Human needs

Primary needs

These are the basic needs and importance for the

survival of man . these needs are universal

though their intensity may differ, some of the

primary needs like food, water, sleep, air to

breathe, social environment influences the

needs.


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Secondary needs

Such needs are related to mind and spirit

1) Social needs: man is a social animal and wantsto live in the society in a respectable manner and

likes to maintain his social status. he always takes itin mind what others think about him

2) Egoistic needs: these needs are related to theego of the individual depend upon the nature of

the person.he assesses his own value in his viewi.e. what he thinks about himself is the mainsource of these needs.


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MASLOWS NEED HIERARCHY

THEORY Physiological needs These are the basic human

needs including food clothing shelter and othernecessities of life. Once these are satisfied they nolonger motivate the man.

Safety needs These include economic security,protection from physical dangers. Social needs Need for love, affection, emotional

needs, warmth and friendship.

Ego

ego or self esteem, self respect, selfconfidence, recognition. Self actualization needs Desire for personal

achievement of his life.


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INDICATIONS

This theory indicates There are five levels of needs All these needs are arranged in a hierarchy Once a need is satisfied, the next level will emerge

as the depressed need seeking to be satisfied. The physiological and security needs are finite but

the needs of higher order are infinite and are likelyto be dominant in persons at higher levels in the

organization. Maslow suggest that various levels are

interdependent and overlapping


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CRITICISM TO THE THEORY

It has been proved that there is a lack ofhierarchical structure of needs as suggestedby Maslow. some people may be deprived oflower level of needs but strive for self

actualization. There is lack of direct cause and effect

relationship between need and behavior Sometimes people are not aware of their own

needs. Measurement of satisfaction of needs is not

possible


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MOTIVATION PROCESS

.UNSATISFIED NEED

TENSION

DRIVES

SEARCH

BEHAVIOUR

SATISFIED NEED

REDUCTION OF TENSION


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Documents

Management Foundation