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Management InformationSystems

Adapted from:Chapter 10

Gordon, J.R. & Gordon S.R.(1996).Information Systems:

A Management Approach.Orlando: Harcourt Brace

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What is a managementinformation system?

Managers at all levels can Collect

AnalyzeSummarize

different types of data

Helps top level managers to:Formulate strategy and policy

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How does an MIS help managerswho function in a global

environment?The global economy is complex andunpredictable

MIS helps managers access, analyze andreport on current and comprehensiveinformation

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What is a managementreporting system (MRS)?

Helps managers monitor the operations andresources of an organization and theenvironment in which the organization operatesReports often occur on a scheduled basis

DailyWeekly

MonthlyQuarterlyBiannually

Yearly

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How do detail, summary, andexception reports differ?

Detail ReportsProvide information useful in overseeing day-

to-day operations of a department or workinggroupProvide data on individual transactions

Payments by customersParts manufacturedDebits and credits to the general ledger

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How do detail, summary, andexception reports differ?

Summary (or Statisical) ReportsShow:

Totals AveragesMaximumsMinimums

Summarizes a large amount of transactiondata over time, personnel, products or someother quantity

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How do detail, summary, andexception reports differ?

Exception Reports Alert managers to potential problems

Show data that fall outside of an expectedrangeShow data at transaction or summary level

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How do periodic, event-initiated,and on-demand reports differ?

Periodic ReportsWeekly, monthly, quarterly etc. summaries

(not too much detail)Event-initiated Reports

Generated on the occurrence of a specific

event, e.g. a milestone or deadline reachedOn-demand Reports

A request for specific information

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What is the relationship betweena MRS and a transaction

processing system (TPS)? A MRS is the reporting component of aTPS

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What is a decision supportsystem (DSS)?

Can help a manager make complexdecisions for the future base upon current

circumstances

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What are the benefits of aDSS?

Improved decision making through betterunderstanding of the business

An increased number of decision alternatives

examinedThe ability to implement ad hoc (on-demand)analysis

Improved communicationsMore effective teamwork Better controlTime and cost savings

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What are the componentsof a DSS?

Database Access to all relevant data necessary to make

a decisionKnowledge base

Information about highly complex

relationships among dataHeuristics rules of thumb Acceptable solutions and how they are defined

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What are the componentsof a DSS?

Model baseSelection of spreadsheets, business

simulation packages, forecasting tools, andstatistical packages

User interface

Allow users to control the selection of dataand models used in their analysis

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What is Groupware?

Supports the group activities of managersand other workers

Exchanging informationCoordinating activitiesManaging workflow

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What are the major elements of groupware?

Message systemsMultiuser editorsComputer conferencingThe InternetIntelligent agentsCoordinating systems

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What three ways can managershold conferences?

Real-time conferencing via computernetworks

Teleconferencing (audio- andvideoconferencing) via phone and videobroadcast

Desktop conferencingComputer-based audio-, video-, and real-

time conferencingWorks best with groups of 4 or less

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How does an executiveinformation systems (EIS) differ

from a DSS?DSS

Deal with specific problems

Focus on modellingEIS

Use enterprise-wide and external data

Focus on:assembling and displaying datarecognizing trendsdetermining underlying causescommunicating knowledge

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What are the typicalfeatures of an EIS?

User interfaceCommunication with employeesScanned news updatesQuery featuresFunctional support

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Strategic InformationSystems

Adapted from:Chapter 11

Gordon, J.R. & Gordon S.R.(1996).Information Systems:

A Management Approach.Orlando: Harcourt Brace

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What is a strategicinformation system?

Helps organizations implement their long-term direction and the activities used to

achieve their goals

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How can strategic informationsystems give a company asustainable competitiveadvantage?

React to market conditionsImprove customer serviceControl costs

Improve qualityExpand globally