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Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Head of Air Quality Unit
Environmental Monitoring AreaRegional Environmental Protection Agency
Silvia Anna BellinzonaDirector Environmental Monitoring Area
Regional Environmental Protection Agency
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
National legislation
Directive 2008/50/EC and Directive 2004/107/EC were transposed by legislative decree 13 August 2010, n. 155
ASSESSMENT
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
The Legislative Decree 155/10 has been an opportunity to introduce a series of legislative solutions designed to overcome, in accordance with the new directive, the criticalities that the State and the Regions have met in the ten years of the application of Air Quality Legislation
• Missing or incomplete zoning of the territory
• Monitoring networks do not consistent with the standard or oversized
• Air quality plans do not always complete
• Incomplete transmission of data and information to the EC
• Lack of coordination between the State and the Regions with the result at Community level to represent an extreme fragmentation of activities and tools used at national level
National legislation
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
SOURCE : REPORT EEA 2012
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Assessment: monitoring networks in Italy at the date of Directive implementation
SOURCE : REPORT EEA 2012
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Stations - Year 2009 Urban Suburban Rural
Tipe of station T I F N.C. Tot. T I F N.C. Tot. T I F N.C. Tot. Total
Number of stations 254 19 134 2 409 42 84 81 1 208 1 23 69 0 93 710
Source: Ispra “annuario statistico 2010” – EOI Stations
Assessment: monitoring networks in Italy at the date of Directive implementation
• Too many traffic stations
• Not homogeneously distributed on the territory
• PM2.5 network to be completed
• Open question: meaning of «hot spot» : the worst situation or a point near emissions but still representative of exposition?
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
New dispositions
With the entry into force of Legislative Decree 155/10 have been provided:- New criteria for the zoning of the territory- New criteria for monitoring networks - Additional dispositions for the elaboration of air quality plans - Strengthening procedures for harmonization of the national and
regional tools
REGIONSCompetent authorities for air quality
assessment and management
STATE Coordination, and financial supportRules about related fields
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Emission reduction in Italy (considering 100% in year 2000)
Source : ISPRA Emission Inventory
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
NOx (Mg)
NMVOC (Mg)
SOx (Mg)
NH3 (Mg)
PM10 (Mg)
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Evolution of AQ in Milan
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Assessment – Air Quality in Italy
PM10 d.v. exceedancees Year 2010Source: questionnaire decision 2004/461/CE
PM10 and NO2 did not comply with UE limits in some monitoring stations,
Ozone and BaP did not respect UE objectives
=> Air quality plans and programmes at regional and national level had (and have) to be implemented
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna BellinzonaMODIS il 17 marzo 2005 (Text and image courtesy of NASA's MODIS Land Rapid Response Team)
50 km to Pre – Alps
90 km to AlpsBernina
4050 m a. s. l.
Grigna 2500 m a. s. l.
Milan and Po Valley
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Orography influence on meteo conditions
High number of days with
anticyclonic conditions
Lack in wind
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Lombardy Region – Emission Inventory
13
SNAP group NOx COV NH3 PM10 CO2 eqEnergy production and refineries 7% 0% 0% 2% 23%Residential heating 9% 7% 0% 50% 21%Industrial combustion 14% 1% 0% 4% 12%Production processes 3% 4% 0% 4% 5%Extracton and distribution of fuels 0% 3% 0% 0% 2%Solvent use 0% 38% 0% 1% 1%Road transport 55% 9% 1% 27% 23%Other mobile sources 10% 1% 0% 3% 2%Waste treatment and disposal 1% 0% 0% 0% 4%Agriculture 1% 16% 97% 5% 10%Other sources and sinks 0% 20% 0% 3% -3%
What to do:
Source: Inemar http://ww.inemar.eu
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Residential heating: biomass contribution
Energy consumption
PM10 emissions
PM10 emission
factorTJ/year t/year g/GJ
Traditional open fireplace 4.398 3.383 860
Traditional stove burning wood 4.602 3.841 810
Cloded fireplace or insert 8.279 3.412 400
Innovative stove or boiler 566 140 240
Automatic stove burning pellets or chipped wood or BAT system burning wood
1.464 115 76
Natural gas 214.581 43 0,2
Gas oil 14.702 73 5,0
LPG 5.770 1,2 0,2
Fuel oil Forbidden 0 40
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Traffic – PM10 Contribution
brakes
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Lombardia PRIARegional Programme for Improving Air Quality
• public transport development• Trucks and HLV • Private duty vehicle fleets• Private cars and motocycles progressive ban of pre-euro, diesel euro I, II
and III cars and 2 strokes motorcycles
Traffic Emissions
• BAT for industrial plants within IPPC regional procedures• Continuous emissions monitoring system for main industrial plants• Complete shift of TE PP from conventional to methane integrated cycles
(7000 MWe)• Residential biomass combustion regulation
Stationary sources emissions
• Energy certification of buildings (new, existing)• Heat sharing out (within buildings with centralized heating plants)• Domestic boilers (4 Star boilers, …)
Energy saving
• Reduction of NH3 (a main PM10 precursory) emissions from agricoltural sewage shedding
Agriculture and breeding sectors
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
PRIA – Assesed scenarios
Achieve UE daily limits on PM10 in all PM10 monitoring
stations
50% Nox emission reduction is needed
>50% reduction on both PM10 primary and precursors emissions is needed
Achieve NO2 annual mean limit in all the traffic stations
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Big Challange
Policy in order to limit both primary and secondary sources
Comparison Pro-Capita & Pro-GDP emissions Lombardia vs. EU27
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Conclusions
• control of peaks – avoid critical situations
Local
• Regional Programme for Improving Air Quality (PRIA) (last one has been approved in Lombardia last 6th September)
Regional
• Coherence between climate and AQ policies (e.g residential biomass and renewables)
• Coherence in both development and transport policies
National
• Sectorial emission standards• Timing vehicles Euro VI standards)• Residential biomass combustion into fireplace and stoves; off-road; • tyres and brake)• Air quality with specific priority within EU funding?
European Union
Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation
Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy
Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona
Acknowledgments
A special thank to Fabio Romeo, Italian Ministry of Environment Land and Sea, for the contribution to this presentation with the descriptions of national situation
And…
Thank You for Your attention