MALAYSIAMALAYSIA

Melayu – derived from the Sungei Melayu Melayu – derived from the Sungei Melayu (Melayu River) in Sumatra.(Melayu River) in Sumatra.

Malai – Tamil word that means “hill”.Malai – Tamil word that means “hill”. During the colonial periods, the whole During the colonial periods, the whole

peninsula was labeled “Malacca”.peninsula was labeled “Malacca”. Many changes occur before reaching the name Many changes occur before reaching the name

MALAYSIA.MALAYSIA.

EARLY SETTLEMENTEARLY SETTLEMENT

Orang Asli (meaning, “original people”)Orang Asli (meaning, “original people”) The earliest of the current inhabitant of Malaysia.The earliest of the current inhabitant of Malaysia.

Other groups include:Other groups include: Dayak and Penan of SarawakDayak and Penan of Sarawak Rungus of SabahRungus of Sabah

The next arrivals were the MalaysThe next arrivals were the Malays Proto-Malays (1000 B.C.)Proto-Malays (1000 B.C.) Deutero-MalaysDeutero-Malays

These people shared a common culture, These people shared a common culture, Bumiputera (BUMIPUTRA) – “The sons of Bumiputera (BUMIPUTRA) – “The sons of the soil” reflected by;the soil” reflected by;

Agrarian-maritime economyAgrarian-maritime economy Its leadership which was largely consensualIts leadership which was largely consensual The living of the people in an all-pervasive spiritual The living of the people in an all-pervasive spiritual

world.world.

Their culture was ovelaid by HINDUISM, Their culture was ovelaid by HINDUISM, ISLAM and WESTERN IDEOLOGIES.ISLAM and WESTERN IDEOLOGIES.

HINDU-BUDDHISMHINDU-BUDDHISM

““PERANAKAN”PERANAKAN”

Many Chinese settled in Malacca, especially Many Chinese settled in Malacca, especially around Bukit Cina—Chinese Hill. Subsequent around Bukit Cina—Chinese Hill. Subsequent generations of Straits Chinese became known generations of Straits Chinese became known as Peranakan for their business acumen and as Peranakan for their business acumen and lavish lifestyles. lavish lifestyles.

Hindu Buddhism ended with the arrival of Islam Hindu Buddhism ended with the arrival of Islam introduced by Arabs after 1400. It has diffused introduced by Arabs after 1400. It has diffused along the peninsular region.along the peninsular region.

Malacca was shattered by the in flux of Malacca was shattered by the in flux of Europeans which made their presence felt by Europeans which made their presence felt by the force of arm. In the 18the force of arm. In the 18 thth century, the British century, the British introduced the organization of Industrial introduced the organization of Industrial Revolution.Revolution.

MAKING MALAYSIAMAKING MALAYSIA Pulau Pinang (1786), Singapore (1819), and Pulau Pinang (1786), Singapore (1819), and

Malacca (1824) were collectively known as Malacca (1824) were collectively known as STRAITS SETTLEMENT.STRAITS SETTLEMENT.

Federated Malay states were established at Federated Malay states were established at Kuala Lumpur (capital) in 1948.Kuala Lumpur (capital) in 1948.

Local elections (1951).Local elections (1951). Federal elections (1955).Federal elections (1955). Idea on formation of Malaysia (1961).Idea on formation of Malaysia (1961).

Includes the Peninsular states, Borneo and Includes the Peninsular states, Borneo and Singapore.Singapore.

Malaysia derived from: “Malay”- the people.Malaysia derived from: “Malay”- the people.

““Si”- Singapore. “A”- Malaya.Si”- Singapore. “A”- Malaya. Brunei has denied and Singapore was Brunei has denied and Singapore was

pressured out (1965).pressured out (1965).

EAST MALAYSIAEAST MALAYSIA

Consists of Sarawak and Sabah.Consists of Sarawak and Sabah. Prior to the intervention of Europeans, the Prior to the intervention of Europeans, the

economy was dominated by products such as:economy was dominated by products such as: Bezoar stonesBezoar stones Hornbill beaksHornbill beaks CamphorCamphor Birds’ nestsBirds’ nests Rattan, bamboo, other woods, guta percha (resin).Rattan, bamboo, other woods, guta percha (resin).

1919thth century, east Malaysian economies met century, east Malaysian economies met the needs of world markets (plantation the needs of world markets (plantation farming, timber, rubber, oil, etc.). farming, timber, rubber, oil, etc.).

Ethnicity and DevelopmentEthnicity and Development

Malaysia has a plural society, development policies Malaysia has a plural society, development policies have favored indigenous malays.have favored indigenous malays.

As geographers Mark Cleary and Brian Shaw (1994) observed: “Ethnic pluralism in Malaysia might be more accurately represented as a series of overlapping Malay, Chinese or Indian ethnic dimensions (language, business practice, occupation, religion) rather than lines of rigid demarcation. They represent socially constructed rather than ‘natural’ difference.”

Modern development in Malaysia has been defined by a New Economic Policy (NEP) and subsequent “Malaysia Plans.” Explicit within the NEP was the intention to create a Malay (Bumiputera) business community that would own or manage at least 30 percent of all these activities by 1990. This goal date has been reset to 2020.

Development SchemeDevelopment Scheme

The Ninth Malaysia Plan of 2006 promotes a shift from mono-crop, low-technology, and small-scale operations that still exist, to integrated, high-tech, and large-scale enterprises.

The Malaysian government is developing

two new regions in order to accelerate economic

growth. The first, launched in 2007, is the Northern Corridor Economic Region (Korridor Utara) in Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang, and the north of Perak.

The second focus will be on Iskandar Malaysia, a development zone in southern Johor with links to Singapore. These projects are expected to be completed by 2025 by the end of Malaysia’s Tenth Year Plan. These plans have six featured goals:

Agriculture Manufacturing Tourism Infrastructure Human Capital Environment

A Population AnomalyA Population Anomaly

Malaysia’s population growth is relatively high, given itslevel of developmentMalays have significantlyhigher total fertility rates (TFRs) than the Chinese andthe Indian populations. Malays are now58 percent of the population as compared to 56 percentin 1970. The Chinese make up 25 percent and the Indians7 percent. Multiple non-Malay ethnic groups, mostly inEast Malaysia, make up the final 12 percent.Many are illegal residents and every few yearsthere are crackdowns, arrests, and deportations. Everyyear, there are 4,000 to 6,000 Filipinos deported for immigrationoffenses.

A MULTI-SECTOR ECONOMYA MULTI-SECTOR ECONOMY

Malaysia’s national economy is now anchored by highvalue manufacturing, including electronics for export and textiles, steel, and auto assembly for domestic consumption. Pinang, with its 1.6 million inhabitants, has become Malaysia’s “Silicon Island,” attracting both foreign and domestic industrial concerns. Chinese make up 42 percent and Malays comprise 40 percent of the population. Pinang is part of an economic “Growth Triangle” that incorporates Sumatra and Thailand.

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