Malaria Situation Update In Oman

Dr. Said Al Mukhaini

MD,MPH

Head, Malaria Epidemiology Section

Malaria Eradication Department

Ministry Of Health

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Presentation Outline

• Global Malaria Situation.

• History of Malaria Eradication Program in Oman

& it’s current status.

• Malaria Surveillance System in Oman.

• National Malaria Policy.

Global Malaria Situation

In 2008:

• 247 million cases of malaria

• 1 million deaths ,mostly among < 5 years.

• In Africa , a child dies every 45 seconds of malaria.

• 20% of all childhood deaths are due to malaria

(WHO 2010)

Global Malaria Situation

Global Malaria Situation

1950s & 60s

1970s

1990

1991 National Malaria Eradication Program was Launched

• Around 300,000 clinical malaria cases were diagnosed

• Malaria Control Program was launched

32,720 confirmed cases

One third of the population

History of Malaria Eradication Program in Oman

21580

15045

32720

19274

14827

16787

2800

617 662 897 977 872 688 633 584 734 615 544 443 701 957 898

4415

1184 603 129 114 29 6 2 6 6 0 0 0 4 8 0

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Nu

mb

er

Year

Classification of malaria cases, Sultanate of Oman, 1988-2009.

Autochthonous Imported Total

Start of epidemiological

classification of cases

Total Number of Autochthonous Malaria Cases & Annual

Parasite Incidence in the Sultanate of Oman , 1994-2008

Pf

18% PfPv 2%

Po 0%

Pv 80%

Proportion Of Cases According To Species 2009

1

10

19

1

1

1

402

1

2

403

2

11

1

43

Imp.

Imp.Afghanistan

Imp.Bangladesh

Imp.Congo

Imp.Ethiopia

Imp.Ghana

Imp.India

Imp.Nepal

Imp.Nigeria

Imp.Pakistan

Imp.Sudan

Imp.Tanzania

Imp.Uganda

Imp.Yemen

0100200300400500

Classification Of Cases According To Source Country 2009

Distribution of Cases Among Regions

Proportion Of Cases According To The Source (2009)

Proportion of malaria cases detected by the

private health institutes, Oman, 1999 - 2009.

Percent Year

20.5 1999

26.0 2000

25.5 2001

23.6 2002

28.8 2003

45.4 2004

49.5 2005

59.5 2006

69.9 2007

71.3 2008

66.0 2009

( Al Zadjali, M 2010)

Malaria Surveillance System in Oman

Objectives

• To detect malaria cases as early as possible

• To monitor the malaria situation in Oman

• To evaluate the control measures

• To assist in the case investigation to know the source of infection.

Malaria Case Definition

A malaria case is a person in whom, regardless of the presence

or absence of clinical symptoms, malaria parasites have been

confirmed by quality-controlled laboratory diagnosis.

Implications

• All cases must be confirmed microscopically before

treatment.

• All referred cases from private health institutions must be

confirmed before treatment.

• No clinical diagnosis.

• No presumptive treatment.

National Malaria Treatment Policy

• Malaria cases should be notified within 24 hours

• Management of malaria cases is free of charge

• Availability of antimalarial drugs is limited only to

governmental health institutes

Malaria Treatment

. ACT for uncomplicated P.f

• Chloroquine + primaquine (after testing G6PD status) for P.v

• Quinine inj. For sever malaria.

• Chemoprphylaxis:

Chloroquine + Pruguanil

Mefloquine

Doxycycline

Central Malaria Lab.

Regional Malaria Lab.

Health Facility Lab.

100% +ve slides

10% -ve slides

100% +ve slides

10% -ve slides

Feedback

Feedback

Lab. Quality Control

( Al Zadjali, M 2006)

( Al Zadjali, M 2006)

Thank You