Mako report

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www.hungary-romania-cbc.euwww.huro-cbc.eu

TO:

Prof.dr. László Makra UNIVERSITY of SZEGED, Dept. of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, 6722 Szeged, Egyetem street No. 2., Hungary Tel: +36 62 544 856 ; Fax: +36 62 544 624

Prof.dr. BODO BARNA DIASPORA FOUNDATION, str. Putna nr.7, Timisoara 300593, Romania Tel: +4.0356.446516, +4.0356.446516

Results of the Air Quality Monitoring Campaign in Mako, Hungary

Location: Mako, in the near vicinity of Mako Hagymatikum health and recreation center, city central area Coordinates of the AQM station: 46°125468 N, 20°282114 E altitude 83 m Start on: 5th December 2012 End on: 10th December 2012 Experts: dr.ing. Francisc Popescu Overview of the monitoring site:

Makó is located in the Southern-Eastern corner of Hungary in Csongrád County, close to the Romanian border on the right side of the River Maros.

The current area of Makó comprises 229 sq km. Population is around 25 thousand. Unemployment was around 7% in the summer (Aug 2007) and 8% in winter (Jan-Feb 2007). Workforce is characterised by good labour moral and good skills and if necessary they can be retrained according to the

investors’s needs. (Text source: http://new.mako.hu/about/)

Makó is not only an administrative centre but also has been playing a leading role in the economy of the region. The most significant road of the area is Road no. 43, which connects Hungary with Romania. The town’s railway has been running to Szeged and to Arad since 1883 and to Hódmez vásárhely and Nagyszentmiklós (Romania) since 1903. Makó has a direct railway connection to Budapest as well. Traffic leading to Szeged is served by a rail and a road bridge through the River Maros.

Famous people born in Makó are Joseph Pulitzer, the journalist and publisher and Joseph Galamb the designer of Ford T models. One of the most famous Hungarian poets József Attila studied in Makó for a couple of years.

Agriculture plays a significant role in the economy because of the

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excellent climate and soil. Apart from onion and garlic, wheat, parsley and animal husbandry are typical activities of the local agriculture businesses.

Industry is based mainly on food industry and light industrial activity. GDP is generated mainly by small and medium sized companies. More than 200 companies are located in Makó. Component manufacturing and assembly activities are traditionally present. Machinery, furniture and rubber manufacturing (Phoenix) are characteristic activities.

Since 1998 Makó has an industrial park in the North-eastern part of the town.

The town is famous for its onion and garlic products. Both the climate and the soil structure make the town and its surroundings an ideal place for onion farming. Growing onions in the region goes back to the 16th century. The first records of significant garlic production go back to the late 18th century.

International recognition of the garlic grown in Makó has been prevalent since the Vienna Expo in 1873 and the Brussels Expo in 1888.

The Makó Thermal and Health Spa is a significant touristic and healthcare establishment in the town. Its area comprises 13 thousand sqm. The bath which has 41Celsius degrees water can serve a daily number of 1,600 people. Many tourists from outside Hungary visit the spa and spend a few pleasant days in Makó.

The mud of the Maros River has similar properties to some of the best in Hungary and the world. At times it is likened to that of the Dead Sea and the local spa has been one of the main attractions since 1961.

With the political changes in 1989,

however, Makó lost most of its industry and unemployment (currently ca. 8%) became a serious issue. Even farmers experienced great difficulties. With the establishment of an industrial park, the town hopes to take advantage of its location at "The South-Eastern Gate of the European Union."

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Monitoring results.

The mobile laboratory is equipped with reference point instruments for major pollutants (SO2, O3, NOx, CO, CH4, NMHC, THC and PM10). Meteorological sensors (wind speed and direction, air temperature, pressure and humidity) are mounted around the mobile laboratories. The following pollutants have been continuously measured, with 10 second resolution, over the entire measuring episode with high precision equipment: SO2 measured with HORIBA APSA370 instrument, measurement principle is UV

fluorescence, reference method: EN 14212:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 1.76 % for recorded values;

NO, NO2 and NOx measured with HORIBA APNA370 instrument, measurement principle is chemiluminescences, reference method: EN 14211:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 2.06 % for recorded values;

O3 measured with HORIBA APOA370 instrument, measurement principle is UV photometry, reference method: EN 14625:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 6.98 % for recorded values;

CO measured with HORIBA APMA370 instrument, measurement principle is NDIR (Non Dispersive Infrared), reference method EN 14626:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 4 % for recorded values;

CH4, NMHC and THC measured with Horiba APHA370 instrument, measurement principle is FID (flame ionization detection), reference method EN 12619:2002. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 0.9 % for recorded values;

PM10 (suspended particles, fraction PM10), Sven Leckel LVS3, measurement principle is gravimetric.

The equipments are part of the air quality monitoring mobile laboratory and procedures used are in full compliance with ISO/CEN 17025:2005 standard for quality assurance in analytic laboratories. Linde and DKD (Deutsche Kalibrierdienst) calibrations gases (NO, SO2, CO, CH4 in N2) were used. In table 1 the resulted values for daily mean values for all pollutants are presented. Table 1. Daily mean values recorded for main air pollutants

Day O3 SO2 NO NO2 NOx CH4 NMHC THC CO PM10 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 g/m3

12/05/11 71.04 8.49 7.94 28.90 36.84 4.66 0.51 5.12 2.00 12/06/11 78.60 8.91 8.44 22.12 30.56 4.48 0.38 4.81 2.16 28.49 12/07/11 87.48 9.39 8.54 22.45 30.98 4.47 0.35 4.77 2.34 31.54 12/08/11 92.40 8.87 4.20 11.87 16.06 4.31 0.28 4.53 2.31 12/09/11 98.87 9.38 9.30 21.67 30.98 4.53 0.46 4.94 2.26 27.56 12/10/11 90.91 6.75 7.47 21.93 29.39 4.81 0.57 5.32 1.97

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Figure 1. Hourly mean values recorded for O3, NO, NO2, NOx and SO2 in Mako , Hagymatikum center

Figure 2. Hourly mean values recorded for CH4, NMHC, THC and CO in Mako , Hagymatikum center

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Figure 3. Daily mean values recorded for PM10, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, O3 in Mako , Hagymatikum center

Figure 4. Hourly mean values recorded for CH4, NMHC, THC and CO in Mako , Hagymatikum center

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Figure 5. Views of the Mobile AQM Laboratory in-situ location in Mako city central area,

Hagymatikum Spa center

From the data presented in this report one can observe that the concentrations of all target pollutants considered in this study (EU Air Quality Directives) are very low and well under the EU imposed limits for air quality. The background concentrations observed for CO, at about 2 mg/m3, are probably caused by the individual heating systems found in Mako, anyway well under the EU limits.

The results are more then satisfactory one can now consider Mako as destination not only for the quality and benefits given by thermal water and mud spa but also combined with a clean air, turning Mako into a recreation and refreshing oasis for people coming from polluted cities.

Prepared by: dr.ing. Francisc Popescu dr.ing. Nicolae Lontis http://www.mec.upt.ro/transaircultur date: 16.01.2013

Documents

Mako report