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Making the Connections
Making the Connection
Objective:
• To demonstrate the interdependence between the various human systems
Research Problem:
• How does muscle activity affect heart rate?
How does Increasing muscle activity affect the following
systems
Muscle Activity
Respiratory
SystemCirculatory System
Excretory system Digestive system
Making the Connections
Pulse rate
/minute
<51 51-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
>90
# of student
s(resting)
# of student
s(After
Exercising)
Class Results
Making the Connection
Normal Blood Vessels
Capillaries
Clogged Arteries
Capillaries
The Three Blood Vessels
• Blood vessels takes blood back to the heart.
• Less pressure• Veins have a
valves to keep blood from flowing back away from the heart.
• Blood moving away from the heart to organs.
• thicker walled to handle to handle higher pressures
•Small
•thin walled blood vessels for oxygen and nutrients to diffusion into body cells.
•Surround intestines for nutrient absorption and all organs an tissues for the diffusion of nutrients.
Arteries Veins Capillaries
The Heart:
Blood Vessels
Blood vessels - System of tubes which blood travels through.
If you took all of the blood vessels out of an average child, and laid them out in one line, the line would be over 60,000 miles long! An adult's vessels would be closer to 100,000 miles long!
The Three Blood Vessels
• Blood vessels takes blood back to the heart.
• Less pressure• Veins have a
valves to keep blood from flowing back away from the heart.
• Blood moving away from the heart to organs.
• thicker walled to handle to handle higher pressures
•Smaller, thin walled blood vessels for oxygen and nutrients to diffusion into body cells.
•Surround intestines for nutrient absorption and all organs an tissues for the diffusion of nutrients.
Arteries Veins Capillaries
Adults 60-100 bpmYouth 90-100 bpm
Who’s heart beats more?
The S-A node AKA: The pacemaker initiates the contractions of the right Atrium. The A-V node then sets the basic rhythm of the heart, the rate and strength of its beating can be modified by the medulla oblongata of the brain.
Control of the Heart
The vagus nerve slows down the pace maker.The Cardio-accelerator speeds it up…
Blood PressureSphygmomanometer: instrument used to measure blood pressure, 120/80 mm Hg avg male
sphygmo = the pulse; mano = rare, thin, roomymeter = to measuremanometer = an instrument to measure pressure exerted by a liquid)
Making the Connectionto Muscle Fatigue
Adaptations for
Respiration
TO RESPIRE: inhaling and exhaling…
• Inhalation = O2
(oxygen) enters the body system
• Exhalation =CO2
(carbon dioxide) is passed out of the body
Your Respiratory System
Nose (nasal cavity) Pharynx Larynx Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchiolesalveoli
pleuradiaphragm
Aerobic Respiration• Requires oxygen
• Takes place in the mitochondria
• When we say that glucose is oxidized, we say that it is broken down with the help of oxygen molecules
Aerobic Respiration
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
2 ATP
+4 ATP
+O2 Water + CO2
+34 ATP
***Net Gain = 36 ATPs***
Aerobic Respiration
***Net Gain = 36 ATPs***
**most efficient
** 2 phases, anaerobic and an aerobic phase
Carried out by humans, plants, protists, and a whole lot more.
Muscle Fatigue
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Glucose
2 pyruvic acid
2 ATP
Lactic Acid
4 ATP
“Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
****Net gain: 2 ATP
**Not very efficient***
**Carried out by Bacteria and HUMAN MUSCLE CELLS (muscle fatigue)
**Ever heard, ”NO PAIN NO GAIN?”
**Major economic importance to the dairy industry, production of yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk.
