Making saltsAll Must:

Be able to describe how universal indicator can be used estimate the pH of a solution and identify the strength of an acid.

Most Must:

Explain that an acid can neutralise an alkali

Write a word equation for neutralisation

Some Must:

Predict the name of the salt produced with different acids and alkalis.

pH scale

What is this and why is

it used?

NeutralisationNeutralisationWhat happens when you add a acid to an alkali?

Acids react with alkalis to produce two neutral products.

A neutralisation reaction is where an acidacid reacts with a basebase to produce a neutral solution of a a saltsalt and waterwater.

1 2 14131211109876543

Increasingly acid Increasingly alkali

sodium hydroxidepH 14

hydrochloric acidpH 1

neutralisation

sodium chloridepH 7

Common Acids are:

Name of acid Formula

Sulphuric acid

Hydrochloric

Nitric acid

Ethanoic (vinegar)

H2SO4

HCl

HNO3

CH3COOH

Common alkalis are:

Name of alkali Formula

Sodium Hydroxide

Potassium Oxide

Calcium Carbonates

Ammonium Hydroxide

NaOH

K2O

CaCO3

NH4OH

Salts

Sulphuric acid

Sulphates

Nitric acid

Nitrates

Chlorides

Hydrochloric acid

• All these are alkalis – that will neutralise an acidAll these are alkalis – that will neutralise an acid

Type of compound Contain React with acids to give

Metal Hydroxides

Metal Oxides

Metal Carbonates

OH-

O2-

CO32-

water + a salt

water + a salt

water + a salt + CO2

1 The first part of the name of the salt comes from the first name of the base (alkali)

So Ammonium hydroxide gives ammonium …………

Magnesium oxide gives magnesium …………... 2 The acid gives the last part of the name of the

salt.So Sulphuric acid make sulphatessulphates

Nitric acid makes nitratesnitratesHydrochloric acid makes chlorideschlorides

Eg. Sodium hydroxide + nitric acid forms:

Calcium carbonate + sulphuric acid forms:

Sodium nitratecalcium sulphate

Naming saltsNaming salts

Practical with copper Practical with copper sulphatesulphateWhat is the acid in our practical?

dilute sulphuric acidWhat is the alkali in our practical?

Copper oxideWhat is the name of the salt?

Copper sulphate

Practical making copper Practical making copper sulphatesulphate

Naming saltsNaming salts

Naming saltsNaming salts

Hydrochloric acid

+ Sodium hydroxide

Sodium chloride

+ water

Hydrochloric acid

+ Lithium hydroxide

………………..

chloride

+ water

Hydrochloric acid

+ Potassium hydroxide

………………..

………………..

+ …………………

Hydrochloric acid

+ potassium

hydroxide

………………..

………………..

+ ……………

Sulphuric acid

+ Lithium hydroxid

e

………………..

sulphate

+ ……………

Nitric acid

+ Lithium hydroxid

e

………………..

………………..

+ ……………

Naming saltsNaming salts

Plenary

Key word bingoKey word bingo

Sodium chloride

Potassium nitrate

Salt

water

neutralisation

reaction aci

d

alkali

corrosive

Cleaning products

Lithium chloride

Magnesium nitrate

pH scale indicator