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3M Innovation for Safer Transportation
Making Road Safer: Through Signage &Traffic Control Devices
2
Agenda
• Introduction• Fundamentals of Retro Reflective Technology • IRC 67 : 2012 – Code of Practice for Road Signs• IRC 35 – Code of Practice for Road Markings• Products and Solutions • New and Smart Components• Reflectivity & Product Demonstration
3
Company overview
Since
1902
Global Sales:
$30.1 Billion
International sales:
$18.2 Billion(60% of company total)
Subsidiaries in
70 Countries
Sales in nearly
200 Countries89,000+ employees
Net income:
$4.8 BillionR&D investment:
$1.8 BillionProducts
60,000+
108,030 patents:
3,128 global patents awarded in 2015 `
4
3M in India : 30 years of innovation
Bengaluru
Headquarter
Branch Offices
Innovation Center
Manufacturing
Established in
1987
MumbaiPune
Gurgaon
Kolkata
Hyderabad
Chennai
Ahmedabad
INR 2120 crore sales turnover for 3M India Limited as of March 31, 2016
6 Branch Offices &4Manufacturing facilities
1600+ employees
110+ R&D Professionals
Indian Road Network
Indian Road Network is highly Overburdened due to low road density & high vehicle population!
■ Expressways 1455
■ National Highways 99500
■ State Highways 167109
■ Major District Roads 1101178
■ Rural & Other Roads 4105866
Total Length (km) 5.4 Million
Country Total Road Length (km)
USA
India
Brazil
China
Japan
Russia
Australia
Canada
France
Italy
6,370,031
5,475,144
1,980,000
1,400,000
1,152,207
952,000
913,000
901,902
892,900
668669
Rural & Other Roads
National Highways
State
Highways
Major District
Roads
CAGR 10%
Registered Vehicles :
210 Million
Population: 1,300,938,000
Approx 1300 million
Road Length : 5.4Million km (2nd largest in the world)
Indian Road Scenario
Accident Scenario in India Fact file :
1 Accident / min
17 Death / hour
413 death/Day-Equivalent to one air crash
Estimates in 2016:
• 4,80,652 Accidents
4,94,624 Injured
1,50,785 Road deaths
Loss of productivity, Collateral Damage, Legal
Expenses: 2% of GDP ~ $ 20 Bn
Road crash deaths has been increased by 31% from 2007 to 2017 and that of fatal road crashes have increased by 25.6% in the same period.
Registered
Vehicles
Road
Deaths
Major Causes for Accidents on Indian Roads:
- Poor road conditions
- Untrained Drivers
- Negligence
- Fatigue
- Lack of Proper Guidance and Warning System
- Poor visibility of vehicles
- Speed
- Drunken Driving
Accident Scenario in India on Various Category of Road
Source: Road Accidents in India -2016 by MoRTH
Road Accidents Top* 13 States: Share in Total Number of Road Accidents (in %) during the calendar year 2016.
Share of 13 States 86.5 4,15,734
1. Tamil Nadu 14.9 71,431
2. Madhya Pradesh 11.2 53,972
3. Karnataka 9.2 44,403
4.Maharastra 8.3 39,878
5. Kerala 8.2 39,420
6. Uttar Pradesh 7.4 35,612
7. Andhra Pradesh 5.2 24,888
8. Rajasthan 4.8 23,066
9. Telangana 4.7 22,811
10. Gujarat 4.5 21,859
11. Chattisgarh 2.8 13,580
12. West Bengal 2.8 13,500
13.Haryana 2.3 11,234
Road Safety is a growing Concern-for-All !
Source: Road Accidents in India -2016 by MoRTH
Most Productive Age Group Persons are Killed in Road Accidents
Male, 120626,
83%
Female, 25507,
17%
Gender
Age Group: 15-45 Year – 75% people are Killed in Road Accident
Source: Road Accidents in India -2016 by MoRTH
IRC 67 – Code of Practice for Road Signs
Traffic SignsPurpose:
- To promote highway safety and efficiency
- Orderly movement of all road users on streets and highways
- No advertising message or any other message that is not
related to traffic control.
Traffic Signs
Principles of traffic signs and markings:
• Fulfill a need;
• Command attention;
• Convey a clear, simple meaning;
• Command respect from road users; and
• Give adequate time for proper response.
Traffic Signs and Road Markings MUST BE the primary, and sole , means of communication
between Road System and Road User for efficient navigation
How Retro-reflection guides us on roads…..
16. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Because what you see
during the day
Is not always what you
get at night !
Day vs. Night
17. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Types of Reflection
18. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Glass Bead Technology ( 1930’s )
Glass Beads
19. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Micro Prismatic Technology (1970’s)
Highly Efficient
Cube - Corners
20. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Observation Angle : Truck vs. Car
Observation Angle for Trucks is higher than Cars
Observation Angles : Overhead Sign Approach
750ft
(230m)
350ft
(107m)
175 ft
(53m)
Delhi
0.50o
0.20o
1.0o2.25o
0.50o1.0o
Delhi
Large trucks have at least twice observation angle as sedans
Legibility Distance Visibility DistanceLegibility Distance
22. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Entrance Angle
Entrance Angle ()
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The Needs of The Older Driver
33 Year Old
20 Year Old
46 Year Old
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Reflective Sheeting Efficiencies
8
14
32
58
%
Reflective Sheeting Efficiencies
Class-A
Class B - Type3
Class B - Type4
Class C - Type-11
Type XI Sheeting
Optical Efficiency
Type XI : Best Suited for all Types of Roads
Indian National Standards
MORTH & IRC Signage Standards
• Code of Practice for Road Signs ( IRC 67:2012 )
• Code of Practice for Road Marking ( IRC 35 – 2015)
• Guidelines on Traffic Management in Work Zone ( IRC 55: 2014)
• MORTH 2013 – Specifications for Roads and Bridge work
• Guidelines for road signage under PMGSY
MORTHIRC 67-2012 IRC 35-2015 PMGSY Signage Guidelines
IRC 55-2014
Classification of Road Sign
1. Mandatory / Regulatory Signs
2. Cautionary / Warning Signs
3. Informatory / Guide Signs
IRC:67-2012 ‘Code of Practice for Road Signs’Siting of Signs with respect to the Carriageway
➢ Left hand side of the road
➢ In Hill Roads - on valley side
➢ 1.8 m to 9 m lateral clearance (Gantry mounted)
➢ 5.5 m vertical clearance for overhead signs
➢ 2.1 to 2.5 m headroom clearance for the shoulder mounted signs
Sitting of signage with respect to the carriageway
Minimum (mm)
Desirable (mm) Maximum(mm)
A 600 1000 2500
B 1000 2000 3000
C 300 600 1000
D 2000 2000 2500
E 2100 2100 2500
F 5500 6000 6500
G 750
H 5000
I 5000 7000 9000
j 1800 2000 2500
Size of the Letter for signage:
Sign without Facia : VandalismA
dd
itio
n o
f n
ew
Su
bst
rate
fo
r R
oa
d S
ign
s
IRC - 67
IRC 67- 2012 : Types of Sheeting
Type I : Engineer Grade - Enclosed Lens
Type II : Super Engineer Gr. - Enclosed Lens
Type III : High Intensity - Encapsulated Lens
Type IV : High Intensity Prismatic - Prismatic
Type V : Delineators - Metalized Prismatic
Type VI : Temporary Roll Ups - Prismatic
Type VIII : Prismatic
Type IX : Micro-Prismatic
Type XI : Micro-Prismatic
Class A
Class B
Class C
Delineation
GlassBead Tech.
PrismaticTech.
Suggested Guidelines for Usage of Retro-Reflective Sheeting[ As per IRC 67-2012 ]
Class of Sheeting
Type of Sheeting (ASTM D
4956)
Category of Road
National /State
Highway
Major District Roads (MDR)
Rural roads (VR & ODR)
Urban / City Roads
Expressway
Class A Type I No Yes Yes No No
Type II No Yes Yes No No
Class B Type III Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Type IV Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Class C Type VIII Yes No No Yes Yes
Type IX Yes No No Yes Yes
Type XI Yes No No Yes Yes
34. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Type XI : Prismatic Grade Sheeting ( Class C)
35. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Mandatory Test Certificates
Coefficient of Retro-reflection
Shrinkage & Flexibility
Liner removal & Adhesion
Fungus resistance
Three year outdoor weathering
Impact resistance & Specular gloss
Day time Color & luminance
IRC - 67
36. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Colour Pattern for Direction Information Signs
White Background
Green Background
Blue Background
: NH, SH & MDR
: Expressways & Urban Road
: ODR & Village Road
IRC - 67
Cla
ssif
ied
Un
de
r F
oll
ow
ing
Su
b-h
ea
ds i) STOP and GIVE WAY signs ( Right of way signs )
ii) Prohibitory signs
iii) No Parking and No Stopping signs
iv) Speed Limit & Vehicle Control signs
v) Restriction Ends sign
vi) Compulsory Direction Control
Mandatory / Regulatory Sign
Size & Dimension : Mandatory / Regulatory Signs
Design Speed Size
Regulatory
Sign
( mm )
Mandatory Sign ( mm )
Dia Border Oblique Bar Font
Size
Up to 65
kmphSmall
600 600 50 50 100
66 – 80
kmphMedium 750 750 60 60 125
81 – 100
kmphNormal 900 900 75 75 150
> 100 kmph Large 1200 1200 100 100 225
IRC - 67
Cautionary/ Warning Signs
Left Hand Curve
Left Reverse Bend
Merging Traffic Ahead
Pedestrian Crossing
Men at Work Rumble Strip AirportGap-in Median
▪ Triangular in shape
▪ red border and black symbol in white background
▪ caution & alert the road user to potential danger or hazardous condition
▪ Hairpin Bend, Narrow Bridge, Gap in Median, School Ahead
IRC - 67
Size & Siting Distances : Cautionary Sign
Design Speed SizeSide
( mm )
Border
( mm )
Clear Visibility
Distances
( m )
Distance of
Sign from
hazard
( m )
Up to 50 kmph Small 600 45 45 45
51 – 65 kmph Medium 750 60 60 45 - 110
66 – 80 kmph Normal 900 70 60 110 -180
> 80 Kmph Large 1200 90 90 180 -245
IRC - 67
Informatory SignsIRC - 67
Sample of Advance Direction Sign Design As Per IRC
19-Sep-18 42
Design Speed – 66-80kmph
Spacing of Single Chevron Signs
Curve Radius ( m )
Distance Between Single Chevron ( m )
On Curve Before Curve
50 15 30
100 20 40
200 30 60
300 45 90
400 60 120
500 70 140
> 500 80 150
Hazard Marker
Object Hazard ( Left ) Object Hazard ( Right ) Two Way Hazard Marker
Facility Information Sign
Eating Place Resting Place First Aid Post Filling Station
Public Telephone
Filling Station
Police Station Toilet Hospital
Route Marker Signs
Asian Highway Expressway National Highway State Highway
Maintenance of Signs
➢Maintenance schedule : Prior to installing any road sign
➢Reference number : Backside of the sign
➢Inspection of sign at least twice a year both in day andnight
➢Damaged signs shall be replaced immediately.
➢Signs should be cleaned at periodic intervals
➢Inclusion of replacement clause : At the end ofwarranty period.
48. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Technical Advisory
49. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.
Technical Advisory
IRC 67 – Revision of MORTH Standards
SUBJECTIRC: 67 2001 & MORTH 4th
REVISION IRC: 67 : 2012 & MORTH 5th REVISION
SUBSTRATE FOR ROAD SIGNS 2mm Al
Recomends both Al & ACP
2mm AL for all boards.
3mm up to sign size of 600mm & 4mm for all other signs
TYPE OF SHEETINGType III & Type IV Retro Reflective
Sheeting.All types of sheeting included. Class C Sheeting
Recommending Type XI too included.
LETTER / FONT SIZE No recommendation.Font Size recommended based on the design
speed of the road.
COLOR OF SIGNS No recommendation.Blue Color Signs for all Urban areas & Green
Color Signs for NH & SH roads.
MAINTENANCE OF SIGNS No recommendation.Emphasis on maintenance schedule &
replacement clause included.
REFLECTIVE ROAD STUDS Not included in the Orange book.
Detailed Specification along with the placement for Road Studs included in the MORTH 5th
Revision.
TECHNICAL ADVISORY No Chapter in IRC:67:2001Separate Chapter on TA giving placement of
signs included in IRC:67:2012.