PDP-­‐1,  1960  

Photo  ©  2009  Marcin  Wichary,  cc-­‐by  2.0  

PC,  1981  

Photo  ©  2005  Boffy  B,  cc-­‐by-­‐sa  3.0  

graphics  ©  2011Jordy  Houtman  with  permission  

PC  workflow  today  

graphics  ©  2008  HereToHelp,  cc-­‐by-­‐sa  3.0  

PC  workflow  today  

graphics  ©  2008  HereToHelp,  cc-­‐by-­‐sa  3.0  open  clip  art  by  tango  and  vexar  

Photo  ©  2010  John  Abella  cc-­‐by-­‐sa  2.0  

Photo  ©  2010  John  Abella  cc-­‐by-­‐sa  2.0  

Photo  ©  2010  John  Abella  cc-­‐by  2.0  

RepRap  

MakerBot  

UlRimaker  

Fab@Home  

Photo  ©  2010  Robert  Hunta  cc-­‐by  2.0  Diagram    ©  2011  Emmanuel  Gilloz,  GNU  FDL  1.2  

2006  

2010  

1987!

1991!

1993!

1996!

2000!

2001!

2006!

z  Stereolithography (solidy liquid polymer using a laser)  !

z  Fused Deposit Modelling (extruding thermoplastic)!

z  Solid Ground Curing (SL for whole layers)!

z  Laminated Object Manufacturing (bond and cut sheet material)!

z  Direct Shell Production Casting (binding powder)!

3D printers

RepRap

PC  workflow  today  

graphics  ©  2008  HereToHelp,  cc-­‐by-­‐sa  3.0  Photo  ©  2011,  ulRmaker.com  

Kitchentable Industrialist  Anand  Giridharadas,  NY  Times  Magazine,  2011  

Atoms are the New Bits  Chris  Anderson,  Wired,  2010  

Factory@home  Hod  Lipson,  Melba  Kurman,  2010  

Eric  von  Hippel,  Jeroen  P.J.  de  Jong,  Stephen  Flowers,  2010  

Comparing  business  and  household  sector  innovaRon  in  consumer  products    N=1173  6.2  %  of  UK  consumers  In aggregate, consumers’ annual product development expenditures are 2.3 times larger than the annual consumer product R&D expenditure of all firms in the UK combined.

3rd  Industrial  RevoluRon  

•  Neil  Gershenfeld  (2005)    ‘Fab.  The  Coming  RevoluRon  on  Your  Desktop’  

•  Jeremy  Rifin  (2011)    ‘The  Third  Industrial  RevoluRon—How  Lateral  Power  is  Transforming  Energy,  the  Economy,  and  the  World’.    

•  Chris  Anderson  (2012)    ‘Makers.  The  New  Industrial  RevoluRon’