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A4: 3-D HECTOR M. FRIED Ethnographies have been documented in photographs and film, but often only in pop-culture do we see film and photography in 3-D representations. To better represent the context of space and engage the reader/viewer I suggest that ethnography should also venture in to the 3-D realm. In a paper, “The Racilaization of Space”, I have taken a market plaza that appears to be an Asian oriented space and created 3-D images, such that a viewer may gain a better picture and experience of people who see, frequent and utilize this plaza. Illustrating the plaza with 3-D images also serves as a subtle metaphor for the reader/viewer to promote the process of attached meaning for space and place in the visual recreation that my ethnography seeks to describe. Furthermore it appears to be that under these premises most ethnographies dealing with the context of space and place will benefit from 3-D representations.

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A5: Making Public Administration Less Burdensome for Citizens JACOB SCHORRING MindLab INTRODUCTION All citizens engage with public administration at various stages in their lives. This is especially the case in a welfare state like Denmark, where public expenses counts for 56 percent of the country’s GNP. The citizens, of course, have an interest in receiving public services that are valuable for them, e.g. the right treatment in hospitals. Ensuring this has been top of the agenda for many years in the continuous development of the public sector in Denmark. However, the engagement with public administration that is required by citizens to receive public services, e.g. bureaucratic procedures, is also an important part of the citizen’s overall experience of these services. The outcome of the public service might be what the citizen – or society – wanted, but the citizens overall experience might be devalued by burdensome encounters with the public administration. The scope for the work on making public administration in Denmark less burdensome for citizens, has until now been limited to reducing the nominal amount of time that citizens need to spend with the public administration to receive public services or comply with public policy. ABOUT THE PROJECT In the last three years MindLab, a Danish cross-ministerial innovation unit, has completed numerous studies helping key decision-makers and employees in Danish ministries view their efforts from a citizen’s perspective. Across these projects, we have learned a lot about what makes citizens perceive public administration as burdensome. And we have learned, that nominal amount of time spent with public administration is not in itself a problem for citizens. Drawing on these experiences, MindLab is currently running a project with the aim to

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describe new directions for the Danish governments work on making public administration less burdensome. The project will:

• Explore what “burdens” mean for citizens as well as what make citizens perceive engagement with public administration as burdensome.

• Pinpoint the situations that particular segments of Danish citizens experience as the most burdensome. • Develop new ways of representing insights and new policy/ public service initiatives by other means

than traditional governmental memos. THE “ARTIFACT” A poster that, in a visual style, will highlight how citizens perceive encounters with public administration and what they find burdensome. A design game with physical game-pieces that is used to translate the insights from the visual-style format to new public policy initiatives will also be presented. We hope to provoke a discussion about whether the insights from the project can be applied in public sector innovation in other countries and/ or in making customer engagement with private companies less burdensome.

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