Making MetalsMaking Metals

Name ______________________

Mendeleev

Periodic tablePeriodic table

The periodic table arranges all the elements in groups according to their properties.

Horizontal rows are called PERIODS

Vertical columns are called GROUPS

What does the periodic table tell What does the periodic table tell you?you?

AuGold

79

The SYMBOL of the element

The NAME of the element

The atomic NUMBER of the element

Group 1 – The alkali metalsGroup 1 – The alkali metals

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Group 1 – The alkali metalsGroup 1 – The alkali metals

1) These metals all have to be stored under ____ because they react with _______

Some facts…

2) Reactivity increases as you go _______ the group. This is because the electrons are further away from the _______ every time a _____ is added, so they are given up more easily.3) They all react with water to form an alkali (hence their name) and __________, e.g:

Words – down, oil, shell, hydrogen, nucleus, water

Potassium + water potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

The Transition MetalsThe Transition Metals

1) This section includes metals like gold, mercury, iron, copper

Some facts…

2) They are all ______ and solid (except _________)

3) They are ____ reactive than the alkali metals

Words – hard, coloured, mercury, less

4) They can form __________ compounds

Some common symbols…Some common symbols…

Lithium ___

Sodium ___

Potassium ___

Calcium ___

Magnesium ___

Iron ___

Oxygen ___

Nitrogen ___

Sulphur ___

Copper ___

Zinc ___

Aluminium ___

Gold ___

Mercury ___

Fluorine ___

Chlorine ___

Hydrogen ___

Helium ___

The Reactivity SeriesThe Reactivity Series

The Reactivity Series lists metals in order of reactivity:

Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Carbon

Zinc

Iron

Lead

Copper

Silver

Gold

We can react metals with oxygen, water or acid to get an idea of how reactive they are.

Making MetalsMaking MetalsSome metals are uncombined. This means we find them pure in the ground, not joined to other elements. Examples of uncombined metals are silver and gold.

Most metals are not like this. We find them combined with other elements. A metal ore is a compound that we can dig out of the ground.Most ores are compounds with a metal joined to oxygen. These compounds are called metal oxides (eg iron oxide).

To make a metal from a metal oxide we need to separate the metal atoms from the oxygen atoms. The more reactive the metal the tighter it is joined to the oxygen so the harder it is to make!

The chemistry of making The chemistry of making metals.metals.

Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Carbon

Zinc

Iron

Tin

Lead

Copper

Silver

Gold

Platinum

The most reactive metals are extracted using electricity

These metal ores need to be heated with carbon to make the metal. A special furnace called a blast furnace is used to make large amounts of iron.

These LOW REACTIVITY metals are SO unreactive you’ll find them on their own, not in a metal oxide

Some silver can be made from silver oxide by just heating the ore - no carbon is needed.

Extracting metalsExtracting metals1) An example of a metal that is uncombined is ________.

2) A compound that we dig out of the ground to make a metal is called an_________.

3) The more reactive the metal the __________ it is joined to the oxygen in the ore.

Type of metal Extraction process

Examples

High reactivity

Middle reactivity

Low reactivity

Making iron: the Blast Making iron: the Blast FurnaceFurnace

1) HAEMATITE (iron ore), limestone and coke (carbon) are fed in here

2) Hot air is blasted in here

3) The carbon reacts with oxygen from the air to form carbon dioxide.

4) The carbon dioxide reacts with more carbon to form carbon monoxide

6) Molten slag (waste) is tapped off here

5) Carbon monoxide reduces iron oxide to iron. The molten iron is tapped off here

Iron oxide + carbon monoxide iron + carbon dioxide

Making Making AluminiuAluminiu

mm

Aluminium has to be extracted from its ore (called bauxite) using electricity. This is because aluminium is reactive so it is joined tighty to the oxygen atoms in the ore.

Making ironMaking iron

Iron is needed in very large amounts so it is made in a specially designed furnace called a _________ furnace.A chemical called _________ is added to the furnace and this chemical burns to make carbon __________ gas.

The carbon monoxide gas pulls the oxygen away from the iron oxide to make iron and carbon _________ gas.The iron is a liquid when it is made because the temperature inside the furnace is so hot it has ________.

Words: monoxide, carbon, melted, blast, dioxide