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Making Life Easy Using Epi Info: An Introduction. Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, MD, MPH, PhD Postdoctoral Scholar Pediatric Infectious Diseases. What is Epi Info?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Making Life Easy Using Epi Info:An Introduction
Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, MD, MPH, PhDPostdoctoral Scholar
Pediatric Infectious Diseases
What is Epi Info?
A free public domain software package developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the global community of medical and public health professionals.
It can be used to rapidly: develop an electronic data entry form enter data into this form analyze data entered into this form or imported
from other software packages
Past, Present, and Future
First version: Epi Info 1 (MS-DOS) Released 1985
Latest version: Epi Info 3.5.1 Released 2008
Earlier this year, Epi Info became an “open source” software.
The next version (Epi Info 7) is currently being developed at the CDC’s National Center for Public Health Informatics.
Worldwide use
A study conducted in 2003 documented at least 1 million downloads in at least 180 countries.
Epi Info has been translated to several languages by different institutions and individuals around the world. Examples include: Spanish Italian Russian
Epi Info vs. other software packages
Epi Info has not been designed to replace: Professional data management software
packages such as:Microsoft AccessFileMaker Pro
Professional data analysis software packages such as:SASStataR
Advantages of Epi Info
Free User-friendly
Point-and-click All-in-one software
Design a data entry form, enter data, and analyze data
Time efficient Very useful for outbreak
investigations
Main applications in Epi Info
We will discuss these applications today: Make View
For designing an electronic data entry form which automatically creates a data table
Enter DataFor entering data into the designed electronic
data entry form Analyze Data
For conducting a relatively wide range of statistical analysis of the data
Other applications in Epi Info
We will not discuss these applications today: Create Maps (Epi Map)
For creating Geographic Information System (GIS) maps and overlaying survey data on to them
Create Reports (Epi Report)For presenting results in a professional format
NutStatA nutrition anthropometry program for
calculating BMI and growth Z scores/percentiles
Make View
View is an electronic data entry form that you design based on a questionnaire used for primary data collection.
Each view has a corresponding data table “in the background”. No spreadsheet is involved.
There are 17 field (i.e., variable) types that you can choose from (Text, Number, Date, Time, Check Box, Yes/No, Option, etc.)
You can also add check codes and skip patterns to your view all by point-and-click.
What is a check code?
Check codes are rules and restrictions that you add to your view in order to improve the accuracy or efficiency of the data entry process. Examples include: Making data entry for a particular variable
required Defining a range for a particular variable Making a variable “Read Only”
An example of a view with fields grouped together
and color-coded
Source: Epi Info tutorial “Rhodococcal Infection After Open-Heart Surgery”
Based on a hospital outbreak investigation conducted by an EIS officer. The report was
published in the New England Journal of Medicine (New Engl J Med 1991;324:104-9).
Enter Data
You can easily: enter data in the view that you have designed control the order of data entry process navigate through different records find a particular or a group of records according to
a criterion that you define
Import/Export Data
You can import data generated in some other software packages Text, Excel, dBASE, Access
You can export data suitable for use in some other software packages Text, Excel, dBASE, Access
Data manipulation
You can perform a relatively wide range of common data manipulation procedures such as: Sorting data on a specific variable Recoding categories of a variable Defining a new variable
You can also merge records in one data table with those in another data table using a key (i.e., common) variable.
Statistical analysis (1)
Univariable analysis Measures of central tendency and dispersion
Mean, median, mode, quartiles, standard deviation, etc.
Bivariable analysis Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test t test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) Odds ratio Risk ratio Risk difference
Statistical analysis (2)
Multivariable analysis Linear regression Logistic regression
Unconditional and conditional Survival analysis
Kaplan-MeierCox proportional hazard regression
You can create dummy variables and interaction terms all by point-and-click
Complex sample survey analysis