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Grayling CEE Public Affairs Practice Group has prepared its latest eye-catching educational tool allowing those who are interested in the law-making process across Central and Eastern Europe to better understand how laws are made in this region. The infographic gives a useful overview of the main stages by which new legislation is adopted in seven CEE countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Russia. The infographic will aid professionals across the CEE region, who will now have instant access to intelligence on the similarities and differences in legislative decision-making – and therefore an understanding of how best to build advocacy programmes to influence these processes. If you have any questions, please contact: Gergely Ábrahám, Head of CEE Public Affairs Practice Group at Grayling CEE at [email protected] or visit www.grayling.com
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MAKING LAWS IN CENTRAL& EASTERN EUROPE
Grayling's Guide to Understanding the Process
LEGISLATIVEINITIATIVE
GOVERNMENTALSTAGE
PARLIAMENTARY STAGELOWER HOUSE UPPER HOUSE
FINALASSENT
FINALREVIEW
at least 15 MPs
BG CZ HU PL RO RU SK
GovernmentSingle legislator
Group of legislatorsParliamen-tary committeeUpper Houseas a wholeRegional government100,000 citizens
Referendum
President
Constitutio-nal CourtSupreme Court
Who can introduce new legislation?
IDEA TO LEGISLATE
Any concernedcitizen or
organisation
CONSULTATION PROCESS
President‘s office
Compulsory social partners(employees & employers)
Relevant governmental
and parliamentary bodies
APPROVAL
PARLIAMENTARYSTAGE
WARNING At this stage, a lot of information is not in the public domain. Negotiations behind closed doors dominate the process across CEE.
PL: Office of Sejm Analysis has to give opinion.
RO: All draft laws must be submitted for public consultation prior to entering the parliamentary stage.
BG
CZ
HU
PL
RO
RU
SK
240
200
199+13
460
396
450
150
23
18
15+1
28
21
30
19
1 C 2 C 3
1 C 2 C 3
C 1
C 1 C 2
1 C 2 C 3
1 C 2 C 3
MEMBERS COMMITTEES
13 nationality advocates - do not voteCommittee on Minorites consisting of nationality advocates
BG
CZ
HU
PL
RO
RU
SK
81
100
168
170
9
16
20
10
C 1
MEMBERS COMMITTEES
C 1
C 1
1 4 C- 1st - 4th reading committee
1 Csingle reading committee
2 3 4
If MP or group of MPs
2
3
4
1 C C 32
1 C C 32C
Publication in national compendia
of legislation
after the Speaker of the House signs it
5
5
President signs the final act within:
BG 15 days
CZ 15 days
HU 5 days
PL 21 days
RO 20 days
RU 14 days
SK 15 days
Who can initiate a constitutional review?
Which country has the most ministries?
RU
RO
PL
BG
CZ
SK
HU
22
19
17
17
14
13
9
In Poland, the Office of Sejm Analysis has a special position. It can submit opinions on any draft Act.
In all countries which have bicameral legislative, the Lower House is more powerful and receives greater public and media attention.
In all CEE countries, work in commitees dominates the process.
All parliamentarians are directly elected except Russia's Federation
Council (Upper House).
All Presidents in the CEE region have veto power.
In Hungary, Committee on Legislation has a special role, it discusses and approves the proposed amendments before they reach the plenary discussion.
www.parlament.hu sejm.gov.plsenat.gov.pl
www.duma.gov.ru www.council.gov.ru
www.psp.czwww.senat.cz
www.cdep.rowww.senat.ro www.parliament.bg www.nrsr.sk
grayling.com twitter.com/GraylingPR linkedin.com/company/grayling [email protected]
This infographic was created by Grayling's CEE Public Affairs Practice Group. Grayling is a leading Public Affairs, Government Relations, Public Relations and Event Consultancy. The Company operates from 57 offices in 28 countries worldwide. We have specialist Public Affairs teams across the CEE region and more than 100 businesses and other organisations on the client list.
Czech Republic (CZ)
Bulgaria (BG)
Poland (PL)
Romania (RO)
Hungary (HU) Slovakia (SK)
Russia (RU)
LEGEND
PresidentGroup of 42 senatorsGroup of 99 MPs500,000 citizens
RO
HU GovernmentSubmitter of the ActParliamentPresident
RU PresidentGovernmentRegional governmentGroup of 90 MPs Group of 34 senatorsLower Chamber as a wholeUpper Chamber as a whole
SK Any person/entity claiming breach of fundamental rights
CZ PresidentGroup of 41 MPsGroup of 17 senatorsSenate of the Constitutional CourtAny entityGeneral Court
BG Group of 48 MPsCouncil of MinistersOmbudsmanSupreme Court of CassationAttorney General Supreme Administrative Court
PL PresidentPresident of the Supreme Administrative CourtMarshals of Sejm and SenatePrime MinisterGroup of 50 MPsGroup of 30 senatorsPresident of the Supreme CourtProsecutor GeneralPresident of Supreme Audit OfficeOmbudsmanRegional governmentEmployers and professional orgs.National trade unionsChurches and other religious groupsNational Council of Judiciary
1
1
INSIGHTWho are the most active law makers?
BG CZ HU PL RO SK
257
97
178153
94
112
Approved acts between 1 August 2013 - 1 August 2014
Approved acts between 1 August 2013 - 1 August 2014
Which industries are most impacted by legislation?
INSIGHT
31%GeneralBusiness
24%FinancialSector
14%Services
9% Agriculture8% Energy
6% Healthcare
5% Industrials
3% ICT
